A free Premium account on the FCL.055 website! Read here
Sign up to unlock all our services and 15164 corrected and explained questions.

Free sample questions.

Corrected, explained...



022 - Instrumentation > Magnetism - Direct Reading Compass and Flux Valve The compass heading can be derived from the magnetic heading by reference to a:
 Deviation correction curve. Map showing the isoclinic lines. Map showing the isogonal lines. Compass swinging curve. Bertrand :
The magnetic heading can be derived from the true heading by means of a map showing the isogonal lines.
The compass heading can be derived from the magnetic heading by reference to a compass swinging curve.

For information:
- compass swinging (determination of initial deviations);
- compass compensation (correction of deviations found)
- compass calibration (determination of residual deviations).
070 - Operational Procedures > Special and Hazards The time of useful consciousness in case of an explosive decompression at an altitude of 40 000 ft is:
 5 minutes. 30 seconds. 1 minute. 12 seconds. Bertrand :

022 - Instrumentation > Alerting Systems, Proximity Systems Considering an airspeed indicator, a second stripped needle, if installed, indicates:
 Maximum operating speed (VMO). Never-exceed speed (VNE) or maximum operating speed (VMO), depending on which is the lowest. Never-exceed speed (VNE) or maximum operating speed (VMO), depending on which is the higher. Never-exceed speed (VNE). Bertrand :

090 - Communications > Définitions The priority of the instruction “taxi to runway 05” is:
 Greater than “caution, construction work left of taxiway”. Greater than “transmit for QDM”. Less than “cleared to land”. Same as “line-up runway 07 and wait”. Bertrand :


Flight safety messages shall comprise the following:
1) movement and control messages,
2) messages originated by an aircraft operating agency or by an aircraft, of immediate concern to an aircraft inflight,
3) meteorological advice of immediate concern to an aircraft in flight or about to depart,
4) other messages concerning aircraft in flight or about to depart.

Meteorological messages shall comprise: meteorological information to or from aircraft.

Flight regularity messages shall comprise the following:
1) messages regarding the operation or maintenance of facilities essential for the safety or regularity of aircraft operation,
2) messages concerning the servicing of aircraft,
3) instructions to aircraft operating agency representatives concerning changes in requirements for passengers and crew caused by unavoidable deviations from normal operating schedules. Individual requirements of passengers or crew shall not be admissible in this type of message,
4) messages concerning non-routine landings to be made by the aircraft,
5) messages concerning aircraft parts and materials urgently required,
6) messages concerning changes in aircraft operating schedules.


“taxi to runway 05 ” and “line-up runway 07 and wait ” are both flight safety messages.
010 - Air Law > Aerodromes Characteristics of T-VASIS: Each wing bar has.
 4 lights. 5 lights. 2 lights. 3 lights. Bertrand :
T-VASIS was based on a series of light boxes on either side of the runway with various apertures that, taken together, showed a white line if the aircraft approach was correct. Too high and the system showed an inverted “T”, too low and the pilot saw an upright “T” coloured red.
At this time, only large aircraft had instrument landing system equipment, which meant small aircraft relied wholly on the visual system to find the correct approach angle.


061 - General Navigation > VFR Compass deviation is defined as the angle between:
 True North and Magnetic North. The horizontal and the total intensity of the earth's magnetic field. Magnetic North and Compass North. True North and Compass North. Bertrand :
Learn the composition of this table:

033 - Flight Planning > VFR Flights (Use Route Manual VFR GPS chart ED-6).
Flying from EDTM MENGEN airport (48°03'N, 009°22'E) to EDSZ ROTTWEIL ZEPFENHAN (48°12'N, 008°44'E).
Find magnetic course and the distance:

Magnetic course 288°, distance 27 NM. Magnetic course 288°, distance 40 NM. Magnetic course 108°, distance 40 NM. Magnetic course 108°, distance 27 NM. Bertrand :
Report the magnetic north tick from MEG NDB, it will allow you to measure the magnetic bearing of the track: 288°.

Distance calculation:

Track length is 009°22' to 008°44' = 0.38' of longitude
0.38' in degree:
(100/60)x0.38 =0.63°of longitude.

At latitude 48°N, 1° = 60 NM x cos48 = 40.14 NM.

40.14 x 0.63 = 25.3 NM.
081 - Principles of Flight > Flight Mechanics By what approximate percentage will the stall speed increase in a horizontal co-ordinated turn with a bank angle of 45°?
 31%. 19%. 41%. 52%. Bertrand :
The stalling speed of an airplane increases as the angle of bank increases.

Load factor in a turn is 1/cos bank angle.
Load factor is 1/cos45° = 1/0.707 = 1.414

Stall speed increases with the square root of the load factor:
Square root 1.414 = 1.189

Example:
Your aircraft has a stall speed of 100 kt in straight and level flight, it will stall at 100 kt x 1.189 = 118.9 kt in a horizontal co-ordinated turn with a bank angle of 45°.

Thus, we can say that stall speed has gone up by 19%.
021 - Airframe and system > Landing Gear, Wheels, Tyres, Brakes An under-inflated tyre will:
Viewed at last exams Experience reduced wear at the shoulders. Experience increased wear at the shoulders. Have an increased hydroplaning speed. Be more subject to viscous aquaplaning. Bertrand :

032 - Performance A > General Which is the correct sequence of speeds during take-off?
 V1, VR, V2, VMCA. V1, VMCG, VR, V2. V1, VR, VMCG, V2. VMCG, V1, VR, V2. Bertrand :


V1-Critical engine failure speed or decision speed. Engine failure below this speed should result in an aborted takeoff; above this speed the takeoff run should be continued.

VR-Speed at which the rotation of the airplane is initiated to takeoff attitude. This speed cannot
be less than V1 or less than 1.05 x VMCA (minimum control speed in the air).

VMCG-The minimum control speed in the Ground.

VLOF-The speed at which the airplane first becomes airborne. This is an engineering term used when the airplane is certificated and must meet certain requirements. If it is not listed in the Airplane Flight Manual, it is within requirements and does not have to be taken into consideration by the pilot.
034 - Performance H > General Using attached graphic. Which letter indicates the speed for the best rate of climb?


B C D A Bertrand :
Power required curve (Power versus airspeed chart):



A - power required to hover outside ground effect

B - power required to hover inside ground effect

C - translational lift area

D - adjustment of power required to counteract sinking

E - Minimum power for level flight/maximum rate of climb speed / speed for maximum endurance.
010 - Air Law > Air traffic services and air traffic management Longitudinal Separation.

The longitudinal separation minimum based on time between aircraft at the same cruising level where navigation aids permit frequent determination of position and speed, is:
Viewed at last exams 3 minutes. 15 minutes. 5 minutes. 10 minutes. Bertrand :
DOC4444 PANS-ATM:
Longitudinal separation minima - based on time
Aircraft flying on the same track:

a) 15 minutes; or

b) 10 minutes, if navigation aids permit frequent determination of position and speed (see Figure below); or

c) 5 minutes in the following cases, provided that in each case the preceding aircraft is maintaining a true airspeed of 37 km/h (20 kt) or more faster than the succeeding aircraft

1) between aircraft that have departed from the same aerodrome;

2) between en-route aircraft that have reported over the same exact significant point;

3) between departing and en-route aircraft after the en-route aircraft has reported over a fix that is so located in relation to the departure point as to ensure that five-minute separation can be established at the point the departing aircraft will join the air route; or

d) 3 minutes in the cases listed under c) provided that in each case the preceding aircraft is maintaining a true airspeed of 74 km/h (40 kt) or more faster than the succeeding aircraft.


Ten-minute separation between aircraft on same track and same level .
022 - Instrumentation > Measurement of Air Data Parameters The response time of a vertical speed detector may be decreased by adding a:
 Bimettalic strip. Correction based on an accelerometer sensor. Second calibrated port. Return spring. Bertrand :
On a vertical speed indicator, the pointer takes a few seconds to steady because of the time taken to build up a steady pressure difference on climb or descent. There will also be a time lag on levelling out because of the time.

To overcome the problem of lag, the Instantaneous Vertical Speed Indicator (I.V.S.I) incorporates an accelerometer sensor which responds quickly to a change of altitude.
The figure below shows an IVSI at the beginning of a descent:

The piston in the vertical acceleration pump immediately rises in the cylinder and causes a temporary increase of pressure in the capsule. The capsule expands and the pointer will give an instant indication of descent.
As the initial acceleration is turned into a steady rate of descent, the piston will slowly descend to its original position, but by this time the correct differential pressure between the capsule and the case will have been set up and the correct rate of descent will continue to be shown.
031 - Mass and Balance > Loading Mass for individual passengers (to be carried on an aeroplane) may be determined from a verbal statement by or on behalf of the passengers if the number of:
 Passengers carried is less than 20. Passenger seats available is less than 20. Passenger seats available is less than 10. Passengers carried is less than 10. Bertrand :
Where the number of passenger seats available is less than 10 passenger mass may be determined by verbal statement.
022 - Instrumentation > Sensors and Instruments The measurement of the turbine temperature or of the TGT (Turbine Gas Temperature) is carried out at the:
 High pressure chamber intake. Combustion chamber intake. High pressure turbine outlet. Combustion chamber outlet. Bertrand :
A thermocouple type thermometer is located between the HP turbine and LP turbine allowing the measurement of the turbine temperature.
010 - Air Law > Rules of the air Whilst flying in an aerodrome's traffic circuit, an aircraft receives a series of green flashes from the tower. The aircraft :
 Must come back to land and the landing clearance will be sent in due time. Must land immediately and clear the landing area. Must give way to another aircraft. Is cleared to land. Bertrand :

061 - General Navigation > Great circles and rhumb lines A route A to B is drawn on a Polar Stereographic chart with the grid aligned with the Greenwich meridian. The true track of the straight line at A is 060°. When passing the meridian 100°E, the true track is 090°.
The grid track of this route on the chart is:
 010°(G). 060°(G). 130°(G). 350°(G). Bertrand :
The easiest way to solve this exercice is to draw the situation:

040 - Human Performance > Basics of Flight Physiology You fly VFR from your home base (runway width 27 m), to an international airport (runway width 45 m). On reaching your destination there is a risk of performing a:
 High approach with undershoot. Low approach with overshoot. High approach with overshoot. Low approach with undershoot. Bertrand :

The width of the runway may cause incorrect height judgements on the final approach.
A pilot used to a standard width runway may, when approaching an airfield with a large runway, judge he is too high and therefore round out on too low an approach.

050 - Meteorology > Clouds and Fog Over Central Europe what type of cloud cover is typical of the warm sector of a depression during winter?
 ST. CI, CS. CU, CB. Fair weather CU. Bertrand :

Over Europe, in the warm sector (behind a warm front), you always find stratus, regardless of the season.
050 - Meteorology > Wind Which forces are balanced with geostrophic winds?
 Friction force, pressure gradient force, Coriolis force. Pressure gradient force, centrifugal force, friction force. Pressure gradient force, Coriolis force, centrifugal force. Pressure gradient force, Coriolis force. Bertrand :
We have a geostrophic wind when the pressure gradient force (PGF) is exactly balanced by coriolis force:



Short Modules and Progression
Each question follows on from each other without any loading time, so that each module can be quickly completed in a continuous progression. This segmentation boosts motivation and avoids the discouragement effect associated with long sessions. Ideal for staying engaged day after day.
Self-training and support
Most questions are accompanied by an immediate explanation after validation. This instant feedback allows you to understand your mistakes without delay, which improves the effectiveness of self-training. You learn actively, independently. And if you need even more explanations, simply ask using the button below the question.