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032 - Performance A > General Which is the correct sequence of speeds during take-off?
V1, VR, VMCG, V2. V1, VMCG, VR, V2. VMCG, V1, VR, V2. V1, VR, V2, VMCA.Explanation:

V1-Critical engine failure speed or decision speed. Engine failure below this speed should result in an aborted takeoff; above this speed the takeoff run should be continued.

VR-Speed at which the rotation of the airplane is initiated to takeoff attitude. This speed cannot
be less than V1 or less than 1.05 x VMCA (minimum control speed in the air).

VMCG-The minimum control speed in the Ground.

VLOF-The speed at which the airplane first becomes airborne. This is an engineering term used when the airplane is certificated and must meet certain requirements. If it is not listed in the Airplane Flight Manual, it is within requirements and does not have to be taken into consideration by the pilot.

010 - Air Law > Air traffic services and air traffic management Longitudinal Separation.

The longitudinal separation minimum based on time between aircraft at the same cruising level where navigation aids permit frequent determination of position and speed, is:
Viewed at last exams 10 minutes. 3 minutes. 5 minutes. 15 minutes.Explanation: DOC4444 PANS-ATM:
Longitudinal separation minima - based on time
Aircraft flying on the same track:

a) 15 minutes; or

b) 10 minutes, if navigation aids permit frequent determination of position and speed (see Figure below); or

c) 5 minutes in the following cases, provided that in each case the preceding aircraft is maintaining a true airspeed of 37 km/h (20 kt) or more faster than the succeeding aircraft

1) between aircraft that have departed from the same aerodrome;

2) between en-route aircraft that have reported over the same exact significant point;

3) between departing and en-route aircraft after the en-route aircraft has reported over a fix that is so located in relation to the departure point as to ensure that five-minute separation can be established at the point the departing aircraft will join the air route; or

d) 3 minutes in the cases listed under c) provided that in each case the preceding aircraft is maintaining a true airspeed of 74 km/h (40 kt) or more faster than the succeeding aircraft.

Ten-minute separation between aircraft on same track and same level .

022 - Instrumentation > Aeroplane: Automatic Flight Control Systems Concerning a fail-operational flight control system, in the event of a failure:

1- the system will operate as a fail-passive system.
2- the landing is not completed automatically.
3- the landing is completed automatically.

The combination that regroups all of the correct statements is:
2, 3. 3. 1, 2. 1, 3. Explanation: Admin :
A fail operational autoland system can withstand one failure. It becomes now a fail passive autoland system. It can continue to autoland automatically.
In case of a second failure, the landing cannot be completed automatically.

062 - Radionavigation > Radar What is (one of) the differences between a mode A/C/S all call and a mode A/C only all call ?
The time interval between the pulses P1 and P3. The presence of Mode A/C addresses. The length of the pulse P4. The presence of Mode S addresses.Explanation: Admin :
Short P4 pulse: Mode A/C only all call.
Long P4 pulse: mode A/C/S all call.

The time interval between the pulses P1 and P3 determines the operating mode (A or C) of the SSR transponder.

010 - Air Law > Air traffic services and air traffic management Minimum Radar Separation on final approach

Provided there is no danger of wake turbulence, the minimum radar separation provided between aircraft established on the same localizer course shall be not less than:
5 NM. 2 NM. 2.5 NM. 3 NM.Explanation: ICAO Doc 4444 - Procedures for Air Navigation Services - Air Traffic Management:
8.7 USE OF ATS SURVEILLANCE SYSTEMS IN THE AIR TRAFFIC CONTROL SERVICE
8.7.3 Separation minima based on ATS surveillance systems
8.7.3.1 Unless otherwise prescribed in accordance with 8.7.3.2 (with respect to radar), 8.7.3.3 or 8.7.3.4, or Chapter 6 (with respect to independent and dependent parallel approaches), the horizontal separation minimum based on radar and/or ADS-B shall be 9.3 km (5.0 NM).

8.7.3.2 The radar separation minimum in 8.7.3.1 may, if so prescribed by the appropriate ATS authority, be reduced, but not below:

a) 5.6 km (3.0 NM) when radar capabilities at a given location so permit; and

b) 4.6 km (2.5 NM) between succeeding aircraft which are established on the same final approach track within 18.5 km (10 NM) of the runway end .

081 - Principles of Flight > Limitations Flutter sensitivity of an aeroplane wing is reduced by:
Viewed at last exams A low torsion stiffness in relation to the bending stiffness. Locating the engine ahead of the torsional axis of the wing. Empty tanks near the wing tip. A high speed (IAS).Explanation: Admin :
Flutter is a dangerous phenomenon encountered in flexible structures subjected to aerodynamic forces. As the airspeed increases, there may be a point at which the structural damping is insufficient to damp out the motions which are increasing due to aerodynamic energy being added to the airfoil. This vibration can cause structural failure and therefore considering flutter characteristics is an essential part of designing an aircraft.
If the CG is aft of the torsional axis, inertia causes the CG of the wing to lag behind any movement of the axis caused by changes in lift. This lag can cause still further changes in incidence and hence lift making the matter worse. By having the CG on or forward of the axis now uses the property of inertia to counter the effect.
Wing mounted engines extending ahead of the wing contribute, by moving the wing's CG forward, to wing flutter suppression.

062 - Radionavigation > Radio Aids Night Effect in an ADF may cause:
Viewed at last exams Fluctuating indications of the needle on the RMI. Noise in the received EM-wave, which hardly will be noticed by the pilot looking at the RMI. No bearing error because of the built-in compensator unit. A constant error in the indicated bearing.Explanation: By day the D-region absorbs signals in the LF and MF bands. At night the D-region disappears allowing sky wave contamination of the surface wave being used.

The reason why this arises is because the phase interference of the sky wave with the surface wave because of the different paths and the induction of currents in the horizontal elements of the loop aerial.

The effect is manifest by fading of the audio signal and the RMI needle fluctuating is worst around dawn and dusk, when the ionosphere is in transition.

050 - Meteorology > Wind At which time, if any, are polar front jet streams over the South Pacific usually strongest?
October. July. There is no annual variation. January.Explanation: Admin :
Strongest polar front jet streams are in the winter, and in South Pacific (southern hemisphere) winter is in july.

062 - Radionavigation > Basic Radio Propagation Theory Transmissions from VOR facilities may be adversely affected by:
Uneven propagation over irregular ground surfaces. Night effect. Quadrantal error. Static interference.Explanation: Admin :
Due to reflections from terrain, radials can be bent and lead to wrong or fluctuating indications which is called “scalloping”.

021 - Airframe and system > Piston Engines When increasing true airspeed with a constant engine RPM, the angle of attack of a fixed pitch propeller:
Reduces. Increases. Stays constant because it only varies with engine RPM. Stays constant.Explanation: With fixed propellers, the throttle controls RPM.
Variations in forward speed affect the angle of attack, which varies in line with the amount of airflow into the propeller disc. If you increase speed, the angle of attack reduces, and if you slow down, it increases, affecting the Lift/Drag ratio, meaning that a fixed pitch propeller gets less efficient as you move away from its optimum speed, which is usually set for cruise.

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