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050 - Meteorology > Wind At which time, if any, are polar front jet streams over the South Pacific usually strongest?
 July. There is no annual variation. October. January. Bertrand :
Strongest polar front jet streams are in the winter, and in South Pacific (southern hemisphere) winter is in july.
033 - Flight Planning > VFR Flights (Use Route Manual VFR GPS chart ED-6).
Flying from EDTM MENGEN airport (48°03'N, 009°22'E) to EDSZ ROTTWEIL ZEPFENHAN (48°12'N, 008°44'E).
Find magnetic course and the distance:

Magnetic course 108°, distance 27 NM. Magnetic course 288°, distance 27 NM. Magnetic course 108°, distance 40 NM. Magnetic course 288°, distance 40 NM. Bertrand :
Report the magnetic north tick from MEG NDB, it will allow you to measure the magnetic bearing of the track: 288°.

Distance calculation:

Track length is 009°22' to 008°44' = 0.38' of longitude
0.38' in degree:
(100/60)x0.38 =0.63°of longitude.

At latitude 48°N, 1° = 60 NM x cos48 = 40.14 NM.

40.14 x 0.63 = 25.3 NM.
061 - General Navigation > Basics Of Navigation In order to fly from position A (10°00'N, 030°00'W) to position B (30°00'N, 050°00'W), maintaining a constant true course, it is necessary to fly:
Viewed at last exams A rhumb line track. The great-circle route. The constant average drift route. A straight line plotted on a Lambert chart. Bertrand :
Rhumb lines or loxodromes are tracks of constant true course.

Great circle is the shortest distance between two points.


022 - Instrumentation > Sensors and Instruments The measurement of the turbine temperature or of the TGT (Turbine Gas Temperature) is carried out at the:
 Combustion chamber intake. High pressure turbine outlet. Combustion chamber outlet. High pressure chamber intake. Bertrand :
A thermocouple type thermometer is located between the HP turbine and LP turbine allowing the measurement of the turbine temperature.
070 - Operational Procedures > General Requirements The coverage angle of the regulatory white navigation / position lights, located to the rear of the aircraft, is:
 70°. 110°. 140°. 220°. Bertrand :

same for helicopters.
082 - Principles of Flight H > Subsonic Aerodynamics The centre of pressure is the point:
 On the chord line of an aerofoil section through which the resultant of the lift forces acts. At which the extended rotor axis intersects the plane of rotation. Of maximum pressure on the under surface of the aerofoil. Through which the four forces acting on a helicopter act. Bertrand :
The centre of pressure moves with the angle of attack.


032 - Performance A > General Which of the following factors will lead to an increase of ground distance during a glide, while maintaining the appropriate minimum glide angle speed?
 Increase of aircraft mass. Tailwind. Headwind. Decrease of aircraft mass. Bertrand :
By maintaining the appropriate minimum glide angle speed, it permits to fly the longest ground distance without wind. Thus, the only way to increase the ground distance is to benefit from a tailwind.
040 - Human Performance > Basics of Flight Physiology Breathing 100% oxygen will elevate the pilot's physiological safe altitude to approximately:
 45 000 ft. 40 000 ft. 22 000 ft. 10 000 ft. Bertrand :
The physiological altitude is the altitude feels by the body.
Example: Just 3 cigarettes smoked at sea level will raise the physiological altitude to 8000 feet. Because the carbon monoxide in the cigarette smoke is absorbed by the haemoglobin, its oxygen absorbing qualities are reduced to about the same degree as they would be reduced by the decrease in atmospheric pressure at 8000 feet above sea level.

The physiological altitude to which human organism can be adapted easily is defined to be 0 - 10000 ft.

Above 10000ft cabin altitude it is necessary to increase the proportion of oxygen supplied to the lungs gradually up to 100% oxygen (at 40000 ft).
At 40000 ft, with 100% oxygen, you will have reach the max safe physiological altitude which is around 10000 ft.
Above 40000 ft, 100% oxygen alone is insufficient and it must be supplied under pressure to the oxygen mask.
070 - Operational Procedures > Special and Hazards The time of useful consciousness in case of an explosive decompression at an altitude of 40 000 ft is:
 5 minutes. 12 seconds. 30 seconds. 1 minute. Bertrand :

050 - Meteorology > Thermodynamics When a given mass of air descends, what effect will it have on relative humidity?
Viewed at last exams It increases up to 100%, then remains stable. It increases. It decreases. It remains constant. Bertrand :
When air descends, its temperature increases. If temperature increases, relative humidity will decrease.

010 - Air Law > Rules of the air Whilst flying in an aerodrome's traffic circuit, an aircraft receives a series of green flashes from the tower. The aircraft :
 Must land immediately and clear the landing area. Must come back to land and the landing clearance will be sent in due time. Is cleared to land. Must give way to another aircraft. Bertrand :

050 - Meteorology > Climatology In which of the following bands of latitude is the intertropical convergence zone most likely to be encountered in January, between Dakar and Rio de Janeiro?
 3° - 8°S. 8° - 12°S. 0° - 7°N. 7° - 12°N. Bertrand :
In January the ITCZ, between Dakar and Rio de Janeiro is most likely to be encountered between 0° et 7°N.

Red lines show the maximum (extreme) positions.
050 - Meteorology > Air Masses and Fronts When do cold occlusions occur most frequently in Europe?
 Winter. Summer. Winter and spring. Autumn and winter. Bertrand :
Over Europe, we get more warm occlusions in the winter and more cold occlusions in the summer.
034 - Performance H > General Using attached graphic. Which letter indicates the speed for maximum endurance?


C D B A Bertrand :
Power required curve (Power versus airspeed chart):



A - power required to hover outside ground effect

B - power required to hover inside ground effect

C - translational lift area

D - adjustment of power required to counteract sinking

E - Minimum power for level flight/maximum rate of climb speed/ speed for maximum endurance .
040 - Human Performance > Basics of Flight Physiology A pilot, climbing in a non-pressurised aircraft and without using supplemental oxygen will pass the “critical threshold” at approximately:
 12 000 ft. 16 000 ft. 38 000 ft. 20 000 ft. Bertrand :
A pressure altitude of 20000 ft seems to be the critical threshold where the incidence of decompression sickness increases rapidly and the chance to experience decompression sickness symptoms is greater than 50%.
With the normal cockpit pressurization schedule, the critical cockpit pressure altitude of 21500 ft will be reached at 48000 ft flight altitude.
022 - Instrumentation > Aeroplane: Automatic Flight Control Systems Concerning a fail-operational flight control system, in the event of a failure:

1- the system will operate as a fail-passive system.
2- the landing is not completed automatically.
3- the landing is completed automatically.

The combination that regroups all of the correct statements is:
 2, 3. 1, 3. 3. 1, 2. Bertrand :
A fail operational autoland system can withstand one failure. It becomes now a fail passive autoland system. It can continue to autoland automatically.
In case of a second failure, the landing cannot be completed automatically.
021 - Airframe and system > Piston Engines A piston engine compression ratio is the ratio of the:
 Clearance volume to the swept volume. Total volume to the clearance volume. Total volume to the swept volume. Swept volume to the clearance volume. Bertrand :

Compression ratio = volume at bottom dead (total volume) / volume at top dead (clearance volume)

The clearance volume is the volume that is not expelled from the cylinder.
032 - Performance A > General How does the lift coefficient for maximum range vary with altitude?
(No compressibility effects.)
 Only at low speeds the lift coefficient decreases with increasing altitude. The lift coefficient decreases with increasing altitude. The lift coefficient is independent of altitude. The lift coefficient increases with increasing altitude. Bertrand :
When flying at range speed, regardless of altitude, you will be at 1.32Vmd (velocity minimum drag) on the drag curve for a jet where alpha will be about 2 degrees, and at Vmd for the propeller where alpha is about 4 degrees.

040 - Human Performance > Basics of Flight Physiology A pilot accustomed to landing on a wide runway may find, when approaching to a narrow runway, that he/she is at a:
 Greater height than he actually is with the tendency to land short. Greater height and the impression of landing short. Lower height and the impression of landing slow. Lower than actual height with the tendency to overshoot. Bertrand :

The width of the runway may cause incorrect height judgements on the final approach. A pilot used to a standard width runway may, when approaching an unfamiliar airfield with a narrow runway, judge he is too high and therefore round out on too low an approach.
031 - Mass and Balance > Cargo Handling A 5m rope is attached around a pivot. A man (a user) pulls a force of 400 Newton on the longest side of the rope located at 3 m of the pivot. What load must be pull in the opposite direction to balance the forces ?
Viewed at last exams 600 N. 400 N. 800 N. 200 N. Bertrand :
400 N in one direction... 400 N in the other.


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