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Question 116-1 : Civil aviation is generally recognized for being ? [ Training professional ]
An open culture activity
Ecqb03 august 2016
Question 116-2 : Fill in the missing words in the following statements .safety culture is of national culture ?
A sub set
Ecqb03 august 2016
Question 116-3 : Without visual reference what illusion could the pilot get when he is stopping the rotation to recover from a spin he will get the illusion of ?
Spinning into the opposite direction
Question 116-4 : A pilot accelerating or decelerating in level flight may get ?
The illusion of climbing or descending
Question 116-5 : Which of the following symptoms may a pilot experience when subjected to hypoxia .1 fatigue .2 euphoria .3 lack of concentration .4 pain in the joints .5 choking feeling ?
1 2 and 3 are correct
The symptoms of hypoxia include fatigue visual disturbances lack of concentration euphoria .pain in the joints 'bends' is a symptom of decompression sickness .pain in the inner ear is a symptom of infection
Question 116-6 : The consumption of medicines or other substances may have consequences on qualification to fly for the following reasons .1 the disease requiring a treatment may be cause for disqualification .2 flight conditions may modify the reactions of the body to a treatment . ?
1 2 3 4
Question 116-7 : Vitamin a and possibly vitamins b and c are chemical factors and essential to good night vision .1 vitamin deficiencies may decrease night vision performance.2 an excess intake of vitamin a will improve night vision performance significantly. ?
1 and 3 are correct 2 and 4 are false
Question 116-8 : Breathing 100% oxygen at 40000 ft is equivalent to breathing ambient air at ?
10 000 ft
.we are about 75% water therefore the air in our lungs is always fully saturated with water vapour this means the air in our lungs is different to the air outside because it contains a much higher proportion of water vapour this water vapour exerts a partial pressure too and this competes with the other gases in our lungs the partial pressure exerted by water vapour in our lungs is 47 mmhg it is always 47 mmhg at any altitude whatever you are breathing in because it is always fully saturated with water vapour .. .the partial pressure of oxygen in our lungs at sea level is 103 mmhg 150 mmhg from the atmosphere but take away the constant 47 mmhg from the water vapour and this leaves 103 mmhg so in our lungs .. . sea level partial pressure of oxygen is about 103 mmhg . at 10000 ft this pressure drops to 55 mmhg but this is enough for normal fit people to get by on . above 10000 ft the oxygen concentration breathed in has to be increased to maintain the oxygen partial pressure at 103 mmhg ie more oxygen is added to the air mix in the mask . at 33700 ft breathing 100% oxygen still provides a partial pressure of 103 mmhg just like being at sea level as far as our bodies are concerned . between 33700 ft and 40000 ft the partial pressure of oxygen in your lungs decreases to 55 mmhg so although you are now breathing 100% oxygen through a mask the pressure this oxygen exerts in your lungs is only 55 mmhg a normal fit person is still ok as he is at the equivalent altitude of about 10000 ft but people with heart or lungs problems may start to feel the strain and many do . above 40000 ft even the 100% oxygen in your mask cannot provide enough pressure to push the molecules into the blood stream you need positive pressure added to your 100% oxygen to force it across the lung wall .. .we are ok up to 10000 ft because haemoglobin has cleverly adapted its behaviour with respect to the absorption and release of oxygen it is still able to gobble up oxygen from the lungs and almost fully saturate the blood even at the lower partial pressures experienced at 10000 ft this allows humans to live at these altitudes above 10000 ft though the haemoglobin struggles to absorb sufficient oxygen humans living above these altitudes peru etc have other adaptations but note there are almost no humans who live above about 12000 ft
Question 116-9 : At what altitude breathing 100% oxygen without pressure could symptoms of hypoxia be expected ?
Approximately 38 40 000 ft
Benito .oxygen pressure drops over fl380 .i guess this is the actual reason what made easa choose this answer ..you are right .this question refers to learning objectives 040 02 01 02 respiratory and circulatory systems . hypoxia .state the equivalent altitudes when breathing ambient air and 100% oxygen for msl and approximately 10 000 ft 30 000 ft and 40 000 ft .above 40000 ft 100% oxygen alone is insufficient and it must be supplied under pressure to the oxygen mask
Question 116-10 : You can survive at any altitude provided that ?
Enough oxygen pressure and heat is available
Question 116-11 : The volume percentage of oxygen in the atmosphere is 21% which ?
Is constant at all altitudes for conventional aircraft
Question 116-12 : The percentage of oxygen in the air at an altitude of approximately 34 000 ft is ?
21%
Question 116-13 : The respiratory process consists mainly of ?
The diffusion of oxygen through the respiratory membranes into the blood transportation to the cells diffusion into the cells and elimination of carbon dioxide from the body
Question 116-14 : Which of the following applies to carbon monoxide poisoning ?
Several days are needed to recuperate from a carbon monoxide poisoning
Question 116-15 : How is oxygen mainly transported in the blood ?
Haemoglobin in the red blood cells
Question 116-16 : Which gas most readily combines with haemoglobin ?
Carbon monoxide
Question 116-17 : Which of the following is true concerning carbon monoxide ?
It is to be found in the smoke of cigarettes lifting up a smoker's 'physiological altitude'
.the physiological altitude is the altitude feels by the body .example just 3 cigarettes smoked at sea level will raise the physiological altitude to 8000 feet because the carbon monoxide in the cigarette smoke is absorbed by the haemoglobin its oxygen absorbing qualities are reduced to about the same degree as they would be reduced by the decrease in atmospheric pressure at 8000 feet above sea level
Question 116-18 : An increase in the amount of carbon dioxide in the blood leads to ?
An increased respiratory rate
.an increase of carbon dioxide in the blood leads to a decrease in blood ph the drop in blood ph is detected by chemoreceptors in the aorta and carotid artery these receptors send nerve impulses to the respiratory center in the medulla oblongata in the brain which then stimulates increased breathing increased breathing helps remove carbon dioxide from the blood returning blood ph to normal levels
Question 116-19 : In the alveoli gas exchange takes place external respiration which gas will diffuse from the blood into the lungs ?
Carbon dioxide
Question 116-20 : How can a pilot increase his tolerance to +gz ?
Tightening of the stomach muscles
Question 116-21 : Hypoxia is caused by ?
Reduced partial oxygen pressure in the lung
Question 116-22 : Hypoxia can be caused by .1 low partial pressure of oxygen in the atmosphere when flying at high altitudes without pressurisation and supplemental oxygen.2 a decreased saturation of oxygen in the blood due to carbon monoxide attached to the hemoglobin. ?
1 2 3 and 4 are correct
Question 116-23 : The symptoms of hypoxia include ?
Visual disturbances lack of concentration euphoria
Question 116-24 : Which of the following is/are the symptom s of hypoxia ?
Lack of concentration fatigue euphoria
Question 116-25 : Which statement applies to hypoxia ?
Sensitivity and reaction to hypoxia varies from person to person
Question 116-26 : Hypoxia can be caused by ?
A lack of red blood cells in the blood or decreased ability of the haemoglobin to transport oxygen
Question 116-27 : Breathing 100% oxygen will elevate the pilot's physiological safe altitude to approximately ?
40 000 ft
.the physiological altitude is the altitude feels by the body .example just 3 cigarettes smoked at sea level will raise the physiological altitude to 8000 feet because the carbon monoxide in the cigarette smoke is absorbed by the haemoglobin its oxygen absorbing qualities are reduced to about the same degree as they would be reduced by the decrease in atmospheric pressure at 8000 feet above sea level .the physiological altitude to which human organism can be adapted easily is defined to be 0 10000 ft .above 10000ft cabin altitude it is necessary to increase the proportion of oxygen supplied to the lungs gradually up to 100% oxygen at 40000 ft .at 40000 ft with 100% oxygen you will have reach the max safe physiological altitude which is around 10000 ft .above 40000 ft 100% oxygen alone is insufficient and it must be supplied under pressure to the oxygen mask
Question 116-28 : The most dangerous symptoms of hypoxia at altitude are ?
Euphoria and impairment of judgement
Question 116-29 : Dizziness and tumbling sensations when making head movements in a tight turn are symptoms of ?
'pilot's vertigo'
.pilot's vertigo is same as coriolis illusion .coriolis illusion the illusion of rotation or movement in an entirely different axis caused by an abrupt head movement while in a prolonged constant rate turn that has ceased to stimulate the brain s motion sensing system this involves the simultaneous stimulation of two semicircular canals and is associated with a sudden tilting forward or backwards of the pilot's head while the aircraft is turning this can occur when tilting the head down to look at an approach chart or to write on the knee pad or up to look at an overhead instrument or switch or sideways this can produce an overpowering sensation that the aircraft is rolling pitching and yawing all at the same time which can be compared with the sensation of rolling down a hillside this illusion can make the pilot quickly become disoriented and lose control of the aircraft
Question 116-30 : 'pilot's vertigo' ?
Is the condition of dizziness and/or tumbling sensation caused by contradictory impulses to the central nervous system cns
.pilot's vertigo is same as coriolis illusion .coriolis illusion the illusion of rotation or movement in an entirely different axis caused by an abrupt head movement while in a prolonged constant rate turn that has ceased to stimulate the brain s motion sensing system this involves the simultaneous stimulation of two semicircular canals and is associated with a sudden tilting forward or backwards of the pilot's head while the aircraft is turning this can occur when tilting the head down to look at an approach chart or to write on the knee pad or up to look at an overhead instrument or switch or sideways this can produce an overpowering sensation that the aircraft is rolling pitching and yawing all at the same time which can be compared with the sensation of rolling down a hillside this illusion can make the pilot quickly become disoriented and lose control of the aircraft
Question 116-31 : What can a pilot do to avoid 'flicker vertigo' when flying in the clouds ?
Switch strobe lights off
Question 116-32 : What do you do when you are affected by 'pilot's vertigo' .1 establish and maintain an effective instrument cross check .2 believe the instruments .3 ignore illusions .4 minimize head movements ?
1 2 3 and 4 are correct
.pilot's vertigo is same as coriolis illusion .coriolis illusion the illusion of rotation or movement in an entirely different axis caused by an abrupt head movement while in a prolonged constant rate turn that has ceased to stimulate the brain s motion sensing system this involves the simultaneous stimulation of two semicircular canals and is associated with a sudden tilting forward or backwards of the pilot's head while the aircraft is turning this can occur when tilting the head down to look at an approach chart or to write on the knee pad or up to look at an overhead instrument or switch or sideways this can produce an overpowering sensation that the aircraft is rolling pitching and yawing all at the same time which can be compared with the sensation of rolling down a hillside this illusion can make the pilot quickly become disoriented and lose control of the aircraft
Question 116-33 : Which flight manoeuvre will most likely induce vertigo turning the head while ?
Banking
Question 116-34 : The semicircular canals of the inner ear monitor ?
Angular accelerations
.in the inner ear the function of the semicircular canals is to monitor angular acceleration angular acceleration is acceleration around the axis of the pilot
Question 116-35 : Which part of the ear could be affected due to air pressure changes during climb and/or descent ?
The eustachian tube and the tympanic membrane ear drum
Question 116-36 : Which part of the inner ear is responsible for the perception of sound ?
The cochlea
Question 116-37 : Which part of the vestibular apparatus is affected by changes in gravity and linear acceleration ?
The sacculus and utriculus
Question 116-38 : Which part of the vestibular apparatus is responsible for the detection of angular acceleration ?
The semicircular canals
Question 116-39 : The vestibular apparatus ?
Reacts to linear/angular acceleration and gravity
Question 116-40 : Which of the following components belong to the middle ear ?
Ossicles
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