Independent parallel approaches may be conducted to parallel runways provided that a no transgression zone NTZ of at least ? Theoretical > lift > off
6 m established between extended runway centre lines as depicted on radar display. Pans atm doc 4444
6 7 3 2 requirements and procedures forindependent parallel approaches
6 7 3 2 1 independent parallel approaches may be conducted to parallel runways provided that
g) a no transgression zone (ntz) at least 610 m (2 000 ft) wide established equidistant between extended runway centre lines is depicted on situation display
.
Instrument Departure Procedure Wind correction Flying an Instrument Departure Procedure pilots are expected to ?
Instrument departure procedure wind correction flying an instrument departure procedure pilots are expected to Correct track known wind to remain within protected airspace. doc 8168 procedures aircraft operations volume i
1 3 instrument departure procedure
1 3 3 wind effect
1 3 3 1 when flying departure routes expressed as tracks or bearings pilot shall compensate known or
estimated winds
1 3 3 2 when being vectored pilot should not compensate wind effects.
Instrument Departure Procedures Obstacle Clearance The minimum obstacle clearance at the departure end of runway DER equals ?
Instrument departure procedures obstacle clearance the minimum obstacle clearance at departure end of runway der equals Correct track known wind to remain within protected airspace. Icao doc 8168 volume 1
1 4 obstacle clearance
1 4 1 the minimum obstacle clearance equals zero at departure end of runway (der) from that point it increases 0 8 per cent of horizontal distance in direction of flight assuming a maximum turn of 15°. 'instrument runway are following runways intended the operation of aircraft using instrument approach procedures Non precision approach runways precision approach runways category i ii iii. Instrument runway
a runway equipped with visual electronic navigational aids which a precision or a nonprecision approach with straight in landing minimums has been approved there may be more than one instrument runway on an airfield the various types of instrument runways are the
i non precision approach runway an instrument runway served visual aids a nonvisual aid providing at least directional guidance adequate a straight in approach
ii precision approach runway category i an instrument runway served an ils (instrument landing system) and/or an mls (microwave landing system) visual aids intended operations with a decision height not lower than 200 ft
iii precision approach runway category ii an instrument runway served an ils and/or an mls visual aids intended operation with a decision height lower than 200 ft but not lower than 100 ft
iv precision approach runway category iii an instrument runway served an ils and/or an mls visual aids intended operation with a decision height lower than 100 ft. The initial section of a missed approach procedure ends When established in climb. Instrument runway
a runway equipped with visual electronic navigational aids which a precision or a nonprecision approach with straight in landing minimums has been approved there may be more than one instrument runway on an airfield the various types of instrument runways are the
i non precision approach runway an instrument runway served visual aids a nonvisual aid providing at least directional guidance adequate a straight in approach
ii precision approach runway category i an instrument runway served an ils (instrument landing system) and/or an mls (microwave landing system) visual aids intended operations with a decision height not lower than 200 ft
iii precision approach runway category ii an instrument runway served an ils and/or an mls visual aids intended operation with a decision height lower than 200 ft but not lower than 100 ft
iv precision approach runway category iii an instrument runway served an ils and/or an mls visual aids intended operation with a decision height lower than 100 ft. Minimum level ifr over high terrain or mountainous areas where no minimum flight altitude has been established flights in accordance with ifr shall be flown at a level which at least 2 ft above highest obstacle located within 8 km of estimated position of aircraft. 1000 ft 8 km when not flying over high terrain or mountainous areas
2000 ft 8 km over high terrain or mountainous areas. Ocaan oca referenced to 2 ft above highest obstacle located within 8 km of estimated position of aircraft. Oca means 'obstacle clearance altitude' it refers to mean sea level. 8 Ssr transponderpilots shall not squawk ident unless they 2 ft above highest obstacle located within 8 km of estimated position of aircraft. Pilots must only squawk idet if requested atc. 9 Ssr transponderwhen aircraft carries serviceable mode c transponder pilot shall continuously operate this mode Unless otherwise directed atc. This question asks about operation of mode c (height encoding) you operate this mode all time unless asked to switch it off atc because it inaccurate. 10 Ssr transponderwhen acknowledging mode / code setting instructions pilots shall Read back mode code to be set. This question asks about operation of mode c (height encoding) you operate this mode all time unless asked to switch it off atc because it inaccurate. 11 Ssr transponderwhen an aircraft subjected to unlawful interference pilot in command shall indicate situation setting transponder to mode a code Read back mode code to be set. 7600 if radio failure 7500 if hijack 7700 emergency
doc 4444
15 1 3 unlawful interference aircraft bomb threat
15 1 3 2 whenever unlawful interference with an aircraft suspected where automatic distinct display of ssr mode a code 7500 code 7700 not provided controller shall attempt to verify any suspicion setting ssr decoder to mode a code 7500 thereafter to code 7700
note an aircraft equipped with an ssr transponder expected to operate transponder on mode a code 7500 to indicate specifically that it the subject of unlawful interference the aircraft may operate transponder on mode a code 7700 to indicate that it threatened grave imminent danger requires immediate assistance an aircraft equipped with other surveillance system transmitters including ads b ads c might send emergency and/or urgency signal all of available means. 12 Ssr transponderssr means Secondary surveillance radar. doc 4444
secondary surveillance radar (ssr) a surveillance radar system which uses transmitters/receivers (interrogators) transponders
primary surveillance radar (psr) a surveillance radar system which uses reflected radio signals. 13 Ssr transponderwhen an aircraft carries a serviceable transponder pilot shall operate transponder At all times during flight regardless of whether aircraft within or outside airspace where ssr used ats purposes. doc 4444
secondary surveillance radar (ssr) a surveillance radar system which uses transmitters/receivers (interrogators) transponders
primary surveillance radar (psr) a surveillance radar system which uses reflected radio signals. 14 Ssr special codesatc has assigned you transponder code 5320 in case of loosing two way radio communication you have to squawk At all times during flight regardless of whether aircraft within or outside airspace where ssr used ats purposes. doc 4444
secondary surveillance radar (ssr) a surveillance radar system which uses transmitters/receivers (interrogators) transponders
primary surveillance radar (psr) a surveillance radar system which uses reflected radio signals. 15 Standard instrument departure procedures straight departures a straight departure one in which initial departure track does not deviate from alignment of extended runway centre line more than At all times during flight regardless of whether aircraft within or outside airspace where ssr used ats purposes. Doc 8168 chapter 2 standard instrument departure
2 2 straight departures
2 2 1 alignment
2 2 1 1 a straight departure one in which initial departure track within 15° of alignment of runway centre line. 16 The tolerance value used to determine that mode c derived level information displayed to controller accurate shall be At all times during flight regardless of whether aircraft within or outside airspace where ssr used ats purposes. icao doc 4444 'procedures air navigation services air traffic management'
8 5 5 level information based onthe use of pressure altitude information
8 5 5 1 verification of level information
8 5 5 1 1 the tolerance value used to determine that pressure altitude derived level information displayed to controller accurate shall be + or 60 m (+ or 200 ft) in rvsm airspace in other airspace it shall be + or 90 m (+ or 300 ft) except that appropriate ats authority may specify a smaller criterion but not less than + or 60 m (+ or 200 ft) if this found to be more practical geometric height information shall not be used separation. 17 The visual contact with runway lost on down wind leg while circling to land following an instrument approach you have to initiate a go around Make an initial climbing turn towards runway initiate missed approach procedure. Icao doc 8168 volume 1
7 4 missed approach procedure while circling
7 4 1 if visual reference lost while circling to land from an instrument approach missed approach specified that particular procedure must be followed the pilot will make an initial climbing turn toward landing runway overhead aerodrome at this point pilot will establish aircraft climbing on missed approach track
7 4 2 the circling manoeuvre may be carried out in more than one direction for this reason different patterns are required to establish aircraft on prescribed missed approach course depending on its position at time visual reference lost
. 18 Ssr transponderwhen transponder appears to be unserviceable prior to departure and restore impossible than Departure to nearest suitable airport where repair can be effected allowed. If a transponder fails before departure you need atc permission to go to a repair base if you can't fix it
atc must be informed preferably before fligh plan submitted in flight plan insert letter n at item 10 comply with any published procedures seeking exception from carrying a functioning ssr transponder if so required fly directly to nearest suitable aerodrome repairs. 19 Ssr transponderwhich code shall be used on mode 'a' to provide recognition of an aircraft subjected to unlawful interference Departure to nearest suitable airport where repair can be effected allowed. Distress/general emergency 7700
unlawful interference/hijacking 7500
communication failure 7600. 20 Ssr transponderwhich code shall be used on mode 'a' to provide recognition of an emergency aircraft Departure to nearest suitable airport where repair can be effected allowed. Distress/general emergency 7700
unlawful interference/hijacking 7500
communication failure 7600. Exclusive rights: Content under private and protected license, reproduction prohibited and prosecuted.
