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Question 127-1 : Barotrauma is caused by an increase or decrease in the volume of the gases contained in the body's cavities which in practice are the most frequent locations of such problems ? [ Preparation civilian ]

Facial sinuses middle ear and dental cavities

exemple 227 Facial sinuses, middle ear and dental cavities.

Question 127-2 : Autokinesis can give the pilot the impression that ?

A star is another aircraft

exemple 231 A star is another aircraft.

Question 127-3 : At which altitude is it necessary to breathe 100% oxygen under pressure after a rapid decompression ?

Approximately 40 000 ft

exemple 235 Approximately 40 000 ft.

Question 127-4 : At rest the cardiac output the quantity of blood the heart pumps in one minute of an adult is approximately ?

5 litres/min

exemple 239 5 litres/min.

Question 127-5 : Approximately how long will a blood/alcohol level of 60 mgm/100ml take to return to normal ?

4 hours


Question 127-6 : Any prolonged exposure to noise in excess of 90 db can result in ?

Noise induced hearing loss

exemple 247 Noise induced hearing loss.

Question 127-7 : At which altitude may a degradation of night vision occur ?

From approximately 1600 m

.cones are sensitive to day and rods are used at night .the effect of altitudinal hypoxia on night vision is primarily one of an elevation of the rod and cone threshold although decreased cone function is clearly demonstrated by the loss of color vision at hypoxic altitudes the decrement in central va is usually insignificant however scotopic night vision at altitude can be significantly reduced scotopic vision has been reported to decrease by 5% at 3 500 feet 20% at 10 000 feet and 35% at 13 000 feet if supplemental oxygen is not provided thus the use of oxygen even at low pressure altitudes can be very important at night exemple 251 From approximately 1600 m.

Question 127-8 : If a stop over is more than 24 hours the correct action is to ?

Move to the new time as soon as possible

.if a stop over is more than 24 hours your biological clock will be adapting to the new time zone thus you must move to the new time as soon as possible exemple 255 Move to the new time as soon as possible.

Question 127-9 : Cholera can be transmitted through ?

Food or water which has been contaminated

exemple 259 Food or water which has been contaminated.

Question 127-10 : Hypoxia is ?

A physical condition caused by a lack of oxygen to meet the needs of the body tissues leading to mental and muscular disturbances causing impaired thinking poor judgement and slow reactions

exemple 263 A physical condition caused by a lack of oxygen to meet the needs of the body tissues, leading to mental and muscular disturbances, causing impaired thinking, poor judgement and slow reactions.

Question 127-11 : A pilot may suffer from hypoxia ?

After decompression at high altitude and not using additional oxygen in time

exemple 267 After decompression at high altitude and not using additional oxygen in time.

Question 127-12 : The sleep pattern is closely associated with ?

Body temperature

exemple 271 Body temperature.

Question 127-13 : The risk of spatial disorientation increases when ?

There is contradictory information between the instruments and the vestibular organs

.spatial disorientation will be most likely to occur during flight if the brain receives conflicting information and the pilot does not believe the instruments .the procedure recommended to prevent or overcome spatial disorientation is to rely entirely on the indications of the flight instruments exemple 275 There is contradictory information between the instruments and the vestibular organs.

Question 127-14 : Hypoxia can affect night vision ?

At approximately 5000 ft

.hypoxia can affect night vision at 5000 feet the effect of altitudinal hypoxia on night vision is primarily one of an elevation of the rod and cone threshold .although decreased cone function is clearly demonstrated by the loss of color vision at hypoxic altitudes the decrement in central visual acuity is usually insignificant however scotopic night vision at altitude can be significantly reduced scotopic vision has been reported to decrease by 5% at 3500 ft 20% at 10000 ft and 35% at 13000 ft if supplemental oxygen is not provided thus the use of oxygen even at low pressure altitudes can be very important at night exemple 279 At approximately 5000 ft.

Question 127-15 : The primary symptom of decompression sickness/illness is ?

The bends

.bends is the primary symptom of decompression illness it consists of pain in the joints exemple 283 The bends.

Question 127-16 : The 'leans' or somatogyral illusion can be caused by ?

Reducing bank following a prolonged turn

exemple 287 Reducing bank following a prolonged turn.

Question 127-17 : A pilot may get the illusion of low altitude on approach although the aircraft is on the correct glidepath ?

When the runway is wider than he is used to

exemple 291 When the runway is wider than he is used to.

Question 127-18 : A pilot can prevent hypoxia by ?

Using additional oxygen when flying above 10000 ft

exemple 295 Using additional oxygen when flying above 10000 ft.

Question 127-19 : The somatogravic illusion gives the pilot a false impression of ?

Climbing or descending

exemple 299 Climbing or descending.

Question 127-20 : A 'graveyard spin' is ?

A spin in which the pilot on recovery tends to re enter the spin due to the somatogyral illusion where the vestibular system no longer senses radial acceleration

exemple 303 A spin in which the pilot, on recovery, tends to re-enter the spin due to the somatogyral illusion where the vestibular system no longer senses radial acceleration.

Question 127-21 : Illusions that pilots experience in conditions of fog or mist are that ?

Objects appear further away than they really are and can lead to steep approaches

.if the object appears further away you would delay your descent until you are closer but now you are too close and you have to make a steeper descent exemple 307 Objects appear further away than they really are and can lead to steep approaches.

Question 127-22 : If warned of an imminent thunderstorm ?

Cockpit lights should be turned up

.during night flights in the vicinity of lightning flight deck lights should be turned up to help prevent loss of night vision due to the bright flashes exemple 311 Cockpit lights should be turned up.

Question 127-23 : During a steady climb above flight level 100 if cabin pressurization fails ?

The effects of hypoxia may be gradual and difficult to recognise

exemple 315 The effects of hypoxia may be gradual and difficult to recognise.

Question 127-24 : Heart attack myocardial infarction ?

Is the commonest cause of death in men over the age of 40

exemple 319 Is the commonest cause of death in men over the age of 40.

Question 127-25 : Which of the following statements is true concerning the pulse rate ?

It has a normal range of 60 100 beats per minute

exemple 323 It has a normal range of 60-100 beats per minute.

Question 127-26 : Carbon dioxide ?

Is a normal product of internal respiration

exemple 327 Is a normal product of internal respiration.

Question 127-27 : Glaucoma ?

Is a condition detected by pressure testing the eye ball

exemple 331 Is a condition detected by pressure testing the eye ball.

Question 127-28 : The noise induced damage to a pilot depends on .1 the intensity of the noise .2 the frequency of the noise .3 the duration of the noise .4 proper usage of the headset ?

1 2 3 4

exemple 335 1, 2, 3, 4.

Question 127-29 : How many stages of sleep are there including rem sleep ?

5 stages

Admin .there are five phases of sleep usually when you are sleeping you begin at stage 1 and go through each stage until reaching rem sleep and then you begin the cycle again .each complete sleep cycle takes from 90 to 110 minutes your brain acts differently in each stage of sleep in some of the stages your body may make movements but in others your arms and legs will be immobile .stage 1 sleep is light sleep you experience a drifting in and out of sleep you can be easily woken up your eye movement and body movements slow down you may experience sudden jerky movement of your legs or other muscles these are known as hypnic myoclonia or myoclonic jerks .stage 2 around 50 percent of your time sleeping is spent in stage 2 sleep during this stage eye movement stops and your brain waves a measure of the activity level of the brain become slower .stage 3 is the first stage of deep sleep the brain waves are a combination of slow waves known as delta waves combined with faster waves during stage 3 sleep it can be very difficult to wake someone up if you are woken up during this stage you may feel groggy and disoriented for several minutes .stage 4 sleep is the second stage of deep sleep in this stage the brain is making the slow delta waves almost exclusively in this stage it is also very difficult to wake someone up both stages of deep sleep are important for feeling refreshed in the morning if these stages are too short sleep will not feel satisfying .stage 5 rem rapid eye movement sleep is the sleep stage in which dreaming occurs when you enter into rem sleep your breathing becomes fast irregular and shallow your eyes will move rapidly and your muscles become immobile heart rate and blood pressure increase men may develop erections about 20 percent of sleep is rem sleep for adults exemple 339 5 stages.

Question 127-30 : The main purpose of lumbar support is to ?

Produce an even pressure of the discs by allowing the lower spine to curve naturally

exemple 343 Produce an even pressure of the discs by allowing the lower spine to curve naturally.

Question 127-31 : How is yellow fever contracted ?

A virus transmitted by an infected mosquito

exemple 347 A virus transmitted by an infected mosquito.

Question 127-32 : Otic barotrauma is worse during the descent than climb because ?

The air in the middle ear is at a lower pressure than the cabin this closes the eustation tube so that the pressure cannot be equalised

exemple 351 The air in the middle ear is at a lower pressure than the cabin, this closes the eustation tube so that the pressure cannot be equalised.

Question 127-33 : Flying with a 'common cold' ?

May lead to incapacitation due to severe sinus or ear pain

exemple 355 May lead to incapacitation due to severe sinus or ear pain.

Question 127-34 : Hearing tests are carried out during pilot medicals to ?

Detect early signs of deafness

exemple 359 Detect early signs of deafness.

Question 127-35 : Noise induced hearing loss nihl ?

Is a condition resulting in permanent hearing loss of selected frequencies

exemple 363 Is a condition resulting in permanent hearing loss of selected frequencies.

Question 127-36 : Presbyopia ?

Is common over the age of 50

exemple 367 Is common over the age of 50.

Question 127-37 : Colour blindness ?

May be subtle and only detected using specialised tests

Admin .color blindness color vision deficiency is the inability or decreased ability to see color or perceive color differences under normal lighting conditions it does not affects acuity there is no known treatment for colour blindness exemple 371 May be subtle and only detected using specialised tests.

Question 127-38 : Concerning the light sensitive cells of the eye ?

The cones detect colour vision and are highly sensitive to hypoxia

.the cones detect colour vision and the fovea therefore gives us great resolution colour vision at normal every day light levels for things we are looking directly at of all the body organs the brain and the eyes are most sensitive to hypoxia exemple 375 The cones detect colour vision and are highly sensitive to hypoxia.

Question 127-39 : Pilots should not fly immediately following giving a donation of blood ?

Because there is a small increased risk of low blood pressure due to loss of blood volume

.the danger is the risk of fainting and the cause of that is the low blood pressure see aic 97/2004 .blood plasma and bone marrow donation flying and air traffic control.1 many aircrew and controllers have expressed the wish to donate blood in support of the national blood transfusion service blood donation is invariably a safe painless and uneventful procedure and the blood volume is restored within a few hours by redistribution of body fluids and intake of soft drinks and beverages a few individuals feel faint afterwards but this effect is minimised by resting supine for a short time 15 20 minutes .2 blood and plasma donation.2 1 aircrew.2 1 1 aircrew are advised that in order to prevent the very slight risk of post transfusion faintness or syncope they should refrain from donating blood or plasma if they are required to fly within twenty four hours .2 2 air traffic controllers.2 2 1 air traffic controllers are advised to avoid donating blood if they are going on operational duties within a minimum of twelve hours they can however give blood when coming off shift .3 bone marrow donation.3 1 after bone marrow donation which involves a general anaesthetic the minimum interval recommended before duty for both aircrew and controllers is forty eight hours however the individual response to this procedure varies and specialist medical opinion should thus be sought exemple 379 Because there is a small increased risk of low blood pressure due to loss of blood volume.

Question 127-40 : Which of the following statements is true concerning regular physical exercise .1 it increases pulse rate and stroke volume in the short term.2 it reduces blood pressure and heart rate in the long term.3 it increases the human tolerance to hypoxia ?

1 2 3

Exercise increases the body's demand for oxygen but regular physical exercise increases the human tolerance to hypoxia exemple 383 1, 2, 3.


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