Question 134-1 : In the absence of external reference points the sensation that the vehicle in which you sitting is moving when it is in fact the vehicle directly alongside which is moving is called ? [ Revision flight ]

Question 134-2 : Which of the following illusions are brought about by conflicts between the visual system and the vestibular system 1 illusions concerning the attitude of the aircraft2 autokinetic illusion fixed point viewed as moving 3 illusions when estimating the size and distance of objects4 illusions of ?

1 4.

Conflicts between the visual system and the vestibular system can occur when there is visual stimulation in the absence of vestibular stimulation there is a delay between vestibular sensations of motion and corresponding movements of a visual scene the motions of a visual scene are distorted compared with motions of the head

Question 134-3 : The vestibular system is composed of 1 two ventricles2 a saccule3 a utricle4 three semicircular channels ?

Question 134-4 : Which of the following statement s isare correct 1 the retina has rods on its peripheral zone and cones on its central zone2 the retina has cones and the crystalline lens has rods3 the rods allow for night vision4 the cones are located on the peripheral zone of the retina ?

1 3.

Img com encom040 388ajpg com encom040 388bjpgthe numbers of rods and cones vary over the surface of the retina the percentage of cones is not equal but is as follows blue 4% green 32% and red 64% in addition the cones are differentially distributed in the retina the center of the retina has a dense concentration of cones but no rods while the periphery has many rods but few conescones are active at high light levels and allow us to see color and fine detail directly in front of usthe rods allow for night vision

Question 134-5 : In order to perceive colour vision it is necessary 1 for there to be a sufficient amount of light ambient luminosity 2 at night to look at the point to be observed at an angle of 15°3 to allow the eye a period of time to get used to the light4 to avoid white light ?

1.

Question 134-6 : The retina allows for colour perception as a result of the ?

Cones located in its central part.

Question 134-7 : Accommodation which enables a clear image to be obtained is accomplished by which of the following ?

The crystalline lens.

Question 134-8 : In civil air transport linear accelerations gx 1 do not exist2 have slight physiological consequences3 may in the case of pull out lead to loss of consciousness4 may cause sensory illusions on the pitch axis ?

2 4.

Please download the faa publication concerning acceleration in aviation pdf935

Question 134-9 : Which of the following mechanisms regulate body temperature when exposed to extreme high environmental temperatures 1 shivering2 vaso constriction of peripheral blood vessels3 sweating4 vaso dilation of peripheral blood vessels ?

3 4.

Sweating and vaso dilation are reactions to high temperaturesshivering and vaso constriction are reactions to low temperatures

Question 134-10 : The following can be observed when the internal body temperature falls below 35°c ?

Shivering will tend to cease and be followed by the onset of apathy.

Question 134-11 : We can observe the following in relation to a state of hypothermia ?

Reasoning problems as soon as body temperature falls below 37°c.

The body adapts to heat better than it does to cold our cooling mechanisms are more effective and the body can tolerate higher temperatures the human body temperature must be maintained between 35°c and 38°c but normal temperature is 37°cwhen the internal body temperature falls there can be a number of adverse reactions including a loss of reasoning and logic note that the other answers are simply not true you can only select one of the four answers offered and this is without a doubt the best answer

Question 134-12 : With regard to decompression sickness associated with flight we know that ?

Age obesity and scuba diving are risk factors.

Question 134-13 : The procedure to be followed in the event of decompression when flying above 10000 ft must ?

Allow for the rapid supply of oxygen in order to prevent hypoxia.

Question 134-14 : What is the 'time of useful consciousness' for a rapid decompression at 25 000 ft ?

Between 3 and 5 minutes depending on the physical activities of the subjected pilot.

Img com encom070 169jpg

Question 134-15 : The time of useful consciousness may vary according to 1 physical activity of the subjected crew2 the experience of the pilot on the type of aircraft in question3 the strength and time of decompression4 the time of day ?

1 3.

Question 134-16 : What is the main problem caused by positive +gz accelerations ?

A pooling of blood in the lower portions of the body and hence less blood available.

Question 134-17 : Which of the following statements are correct 1 hypothermia affects physical and mental abilities2 man has effective natural protection against intense cold3 shivering makes it possible to combat the cold to a certain extent but uses up a lot of energy4 disorders associated with hypothermia appear ?

1 3 4.

Question 134-18 : Rods scotopic visual cells allow for ?

Good night vision after adaptation to darkness 30 min .

Question 134-19 : Of the following alternatives which effects are due to positive acceleration + gz 1 decrease in heart rate2 pooling of blood into lower parts of the body3 drop in blood pressure above heart level4 downward displacement or deformation of soft or mobile organs ?

2 3 4.

Question 134-20 : To optimise one's night vision performance it is necessary 1 to spend some time getting adapted to low levels of illumination 2 to increase the instrument panel lighting by reducing the cockpit lighting 3 not to focus on the point to be observed 4 to avoid blinding sources of light ?

1 3 4.

Question 134-21 : Visual perception of depth at close to medium distance is primarily due to ?

Binocular vision.

Question 134-22 : What could be symptoms of hypoxia when flying without oxygen above 12000 ft ?

Headache fatigue dizziness lack of coordination.

In the compensatory zone between 10000 ft to 15000 ft the physiological automatic responses provide some protection against hypoxia trying to maintain homeostasis these include increases in the respiratory volume increase in cardiac output and blood pressurehowever after a short time the effects of hypoxia are perceptible causing headache fatigue dizziness lack of coordination

Question 134-23 : Autokinetic illusion is ?

An illusion in which a stationary point of light if stared at for several seconds in the dark may without a frame of reference appear to move.

Question 134-24 : Which of the following statements are correct 1 scuba diving may be practiced without restriction2 many medicines have effects which are incompatible with flight safety3 an adequate amount of fluid should be drunk when flying4 alcohol has no effect on the inner ear ?

2 and 3 are correct.

There are recommended restrictions of time before flying depending on what altitude you are flyingstatements 2 and 3 are correct statements 1 and 4 are incorrect

Question 134-25 : The atmospheric pressure at 18000 feet altitude is half the atmospheric pressure at sea level in accordance with this statement ?

The partial oxygen pressure at that altitude will also drop to 12 of the pressure of oxygen at sea level.

Question 134-26 : You climb from 0 to 50000 feet and measure the decrease of the pressure per 5000 feet the absolute difference in barometric pressure is greatest between ?

0 and 5000 feet.

Question 134-27 : The volume percentage of oxygen in the atmosphere at 30 000 feet remains at 21% but the partial pressure of oxygen ?

Decreases with decreasing barometric pressure.

Question 134-28 : Air at an altitude of 18000 feet contains approximately ?

21% oxy.

Question 134-29 : Dry air is a mixture of gases their volume percentage is about ?

21% oxygen78% nitrogen 1% other gases.

Question 134-30 : Boyle's law is directly applicable in case of ?

The expansion of trapped gasses in the human body with increasing altitude.

Question 134-31 : Dalton's law explains the occurrence of ?

Altitude hypoxia.

Question 134-32 : Henry's law explains the occurrence of ?

Decompression sickness.

Henry's law states that the amount of gas disolved in a liquid is proportional to the pressure of that gas above the liquid as atmospheric pressure decreases in the climb gases which have been held in solution in body tissue come out of solution and form small bubbles causing the bends and other forms of decompression sickness

Question 134-33 : Our body takes its energy from 1 minerals2 protein3 carbonhydrates4 vitamins ?

2 3.

Question 134-34 : What is meant by metabolism ?

The generation and utilisation of energy by the body's cells and tissues.

Question 134-35 : One of the waste products of the metabolic process in the cell is ?

Carbon dioxide.

Question 134-36 : The body loses water via 1 the skin and the lungs2 the kidneyswhich of the following lists all the correct answers ?

1 and 2 are correct.

The body loses water primarily by excreting it in urine from the kidneys also through the lungs as water vapor and through the skin as perspiration sweating

Question 134-37 : Under normal circumstances which gas will diffuse from the blood to the alveoli ?

Carbon dioxide.

Question 134-38 : The thin walls of capillaries are permeable for ?

Gases.

Capillaries are the smallest blood vessels they form connections between the smallest arterioles and the smallest venules capillaries are essentially extensions of the inner linings of these larger vessels in their walls consists of endothelium a single layer of squamous epithelial cells these thin walls form the semipermeable membranes through which substances in the blood are exchanged for substances in the tissue fluid surrounding body cells 2771the pores in capillary walls are thin slits that occur where two adjacent endothelial cells overlap the sizes of such openings and consequently the permeability of the capillary walls vary from tissue to tissue for example the capillaries in muscle tissues are less permeable than those of the liver spleen or bone marrowthe density of the capillaries within the tissue varies directly with the tissues' rates of metabolism thus muscle and nerve tissues which utilize relatively large quantities of oxygen and nutrients are richly supplied with capillaries while tissues of cartilage the epidermis and the cornea whose metabolic rates are very slow lack capillaries 2770the patterns of capillary arrangement also differ in various body part for example some capillaries pass directly from arterioles to venule but others lead to highly branched networks such arrangements make it possible for the blood to follow different pathways through a tissue and to meet the varying demands of its cells during periods of exercise for example the blood can be directed into the capillary networks of the skeletal muscles where the cells are experiencing an increasing need for oxygen and nutrients at the same time the blood can bypass some of the capillary nets in the tissues of the digestive tract where the demand for blood is less criticalthe distribution of blood in the various capillary pathways is regulated mainly by the smooth muscles that encircle the capillary entrances these muscles form precapillary sphincters which may close a capillary by contracting or open it by relaxing how precapillary sphincters are controlled is not clear but they seem to respond to the demands of the cells supplied by their individual capillaries when the cells are low in concentration of oxygen and nutrients the sphincter relaxes when the cellular needs are met the sphincter may contract again

Question 134-39 : The circulatory system amongst other things allows for 1 transportation of oxygen and carbon dioxide2 transportation of information by chemical substanceswhich of the following lists all the correct statements ?

1 and 2 are correct.

Question 134-40 : Someone who has anaemia has ?

Not enough functional haemoglobin.