Question 135-1 : The heart muscle is supplied with blood by ? [ Revision flight ]

Question 135-2 : The normal arterial blood pressure of a healthy adult at rest is systolicdiastolic ?

12080 mm hg.

Question 135-3 : Which of the following statements is correct the blood pressure which is measured during flight medical checks is the pressure ?

Question 135-4 : Blood pressure depends on 1 the cardiac output2 the resistance of the capillarieswhich of the following lists all the correct answers ?

1 and 2 are correct.

Question 135-5 : The blood pressure depends on 1 the work of the heart2 the peripheral resistance3 the elasticity of the arterial walls4 the blood volume and viscosity ?

1 2 3 and 4 are correct.

Question 135-6 : Changes in blood pressure are measured by ?

Pressoreceptors.

Question 135-7 : The pressoreceptors are located in ?

The carotid and aortic arterial vessels.

Question 135-8 : When the pressoreceptors detect a lowering of the blood pressure there are adaptation mechanisms which result in 1 an increase of respiratory activity2 the arteriols to constrict3 an increase of cardiac output4 the heart rate to rise ?

2 3 and 4 are correct 1 is false.

The 'adaptation mechanisms' are the means by which the body counteracts the lowering of the blood pressure ie attempts to raise the blood presure

Question 135-9 : The physiological effects of accelerations to the human body depend on 1 the duration of the g forces2 the onset rate of the g forces3 the magnitude of the g forces4 the direction of the g forces ?

1 2 3 and 4 are correct.

All four will influence the effect of g forces if high g forces are applied rapidly enough for a period of around five seconds or more then loss of consciousness can occur without any of the visual warning signs of low level tunnel vision or black out

Question 135-10 : Positive g will cause the blood flow to the brain to ?

Decrease.

Question 135-11 : During sustained positive g forces the order of symptoms you can expect is ?

Grey out tunnel vision black out and unconsciousness.

Question 135-12 : The normal rate of breathing of an adult at rest is about ?

16 cycles per minute.

Respiratory rate breathing rate or respiratory frequency the number of breaths a person takes during one minute it is usually measured at rest while sittingmedical textbooks suggest that normal respiratory rate for adults is only 12 breaths per minute at rest most adults breathe much faster about 15 20 breaths per minute if you forget in the exam then time your breathing and count

Question 135-13 : The volume of air exchanged during a normal breathing cycle tidal volume is about ?

500 ml of air.

Resting tidal volume volume of air going in and out of the lungs during normal respiration about 05 litres at rest

Question 135-14 : When exhaling the expired air contains ?

More carbon dioxide than the inspired air.

Question 135-15 : The transfer of carbon dioxide from the blood to the alveoli can be described by ?

The law of diffusion.

Fick's law gas diffusion law gas will diffuse from areas of high concentration to areas of low concentration

Question 135-16 : Hyperventilation is ?

An increased lung ventilation.

Question 135-17 : If somebody starts breathing faster and deeper without physiological need ?

The blood turns more alkaline.

Question 135-18 : When hyperventilating you should ?

Control your rate and depth of breathing.

Question 135-19 : A pilot can overcome hyperventilation by ?

Controlling the rate and depth of breathing andor breathing into a bag.

Question 135-20 : You can overcome hyperventilation by breathing into a plastic or paper bag the intention is ?

To raise the level of co2 in the blood as fast as possible.

Question 135-21 : Raising the sensory threshold of a sensory organ means ?

A lesser sensitivity.

If a sensory threshold increases sensitivity decreases raising the perceptual threshold of a sensory organ means lesser sensitivity

Question 135-22 : Subcutaneous pressure receptors are stimulated by ?

The pressure created on the corresponding body parts when sitting standing or lying down.

Question 135-23 : The proprioceptors do not orient an individual to hisher surroundings but informs himher of ?

The relative motion and relative position of his body parts.

Question 135-24 : A stereotype and involuntary reaction of the organism on stimulation of receptors is called ?

Reflex.

Question 135-25 : The amount of light which strikes the retina is controlled by ?

The pupil.

Question 135-26 : When focussing on near objects ?

The shape of lens gets more spherical.

Question 135-27 : The ability of the lens to change its shape is called ?

Accommodation.

Question 135-28 : The mechanism of accommodation is controlled by ?

The functioning of the ciliary muscle around the lens.

The eye accommodates for close vision by tightening the ciliary muscles allowing the pliable crystalline lens to become more rounded

Question 135-29 : Presbyopia is ?

Long sightedness linked with age.

Question 135-30 : Visual acuity during flight at high altitudes can be affected by 1 anaemia2 smoking in the cockpit3 carbon monoxide poisoning4 hypoxia ?

1 2 3 and 4 are correct.

Question 135-31 : Glaucoma 1 can lead to total blindness2 can lead to undetected reduction of the visual field3 reduces visual acuity in its final stage ?

1 2 and 3 are correct.

Question 135-32 : Glaucoma is ?

High intra ocular pressure.

Question 135-33 : The peripheral vision is important for ?

Detecting moving objects.

Pawepa i though that it is the central vision responsible for detail colour and movementyou may not realize that when you use your eyes to see you are actually seeing in many directions at the same time what you see directly in front of your eyes is called your central vision what you see off to the sides is your peripheral visionwhen we are concentrating on something we focus on what is directly in front of us such as the computer monitor or a book we are reading but our eyes are constantly aware of other things going on around us such as someone approaching from the side this is especially important during activities such as driving a car or playing sports a driver may catch a hint of motion out of the corner of her eye that alerts her to a pedestrian stepping off the curb or a basketball player may pass the ball to a teammate coming up on the side that he saw using peripheral vision people with limited peripheral vision lack this ability to see to the side and are forced to turn their eyes or even their entire heads to see what is not directly in front of them

Question 135-34 : Although we have a field of vision of more than 180° it is important during flight to use the scanning technique because ?

Only in the foveal area resolution is good enough to see an object clearly.

Question 135-35 : The photosensitive cells being responsible for night vision are called ?

The rods.

Question 135-36 : When flying through a thunderstorm with lightning you can protect yourself from flashblindness by 1 turning up the intensity of cockpit lights2 looking inside the cockpit3 wearing sunglasses4 using face blinds or face curtains when installed ?

1 2 3 and 4 are correct.

Flyejf i think the answer to this question wrong the answer should be '1 and 2 are correct 2 and 4 are false'in flash blindness exposure to a very bright light source can deprive pilots of vision for a period of time ranging from a few seconds to a few minutes this can be followed by afterimages such as the yellow and purple dots seen after a flash photo these afterimages will disappear in timethe answer given is the one you have to choose at the exam by the way we understand that wearing sunglasses while you are flying in a thunderstorm with lightning is not the best solution if you want to keep an eye on your instruments but all statements offer some degree of protection in the event of a lightning flash

Question 135-37 : Which scanning technique should be used when flying at night ?

Look to the side 10 15 degrees of the object.

Question 135-38 : Coriolis illusion causing spatial disorientation is the result of ?

Simultaneous head movements during aircraft manoeuvres.

Coriolis illusion the illusion of rotation or movement in an entirely different axis caused by an abrupt head movement while in a prolonged constant rate turn that has ceased to stimulate the brain s motion sensing system this involves the simultaneous stimulation of two semicircular canals and is associated with a sudden tilting forward or backwards of the pilot's head while the aircraft is turning this can occur when tilting the head down to look at an approach chart or to write on the knee pad or up to look at an overhead instrument or switch or sideways this can produce an overpowering sensation that the aircraft is rolling pitching and yawing all at the same time which can be compared with the sensation of rolling down a hillside this illusion can make the pilot quickly become disoriented and lose control of the aircraft

Question 135-39 : When turning in imc head movements should be avoided as much as possible this is a prevention against ?

Coriolis illusion.

Coriolis illusion the illusion of rotation or movement in an entirely different axis caused by an abrupt head movement while in a prolonged constant rate turn that has ceased to stimulate the brain s motion sensing system this involves the simultaneous stimulation of two semicircular canals and is associated with a sudden tilting forward or backwards of the pilot's head while the aircraft is turning this can occur when tilting the head down to look at an approach chart or to write on the knee pad or up to look at an overhead instrument or switch or sideways this can produce an overpowering sensation that the aircraft is rolling pitching and yawing all at the same time which can be compared with the sensation of rolling down a hillside this illusion can make the pilot quickly become disoriented and lose control of the aircraft

Question 135-40 : A pilot who is trying to pick up a fallen object from the cockpit floor during a tight turn may experience ?

Coriolis illusion.

The coriolis illusion is caused by making a quick head movement during a constant rate turn that has ceased stimulating the inner ear the most common occurrence of this is a pilot making a timed 180 degree turn for one minute dropping a pen approach plate etc thus stirring up the fluid in the inner ear when the pilot comes back up he will feel as though he is straight and level although his instruments show he is still turning