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Question 14-1 : Guidance material related to simultaneous operations on parallel or near parallel instrument runways may be found… ? [ Analysis topography ]

In an icao document

Syllabus reference 010 06 07 01 05 state where guidance material may be located for simultaneous operations on parallel or near parallel instrument runways . source icao doc 8168 volume iii section 3 chapter 1icao doc 8168 . 2 commentary on the material contained in volume iii2 2 section 3 simultaneous operations on parallel or near parallel instrument runways . in 1990 as a result of the work of an air navigation study group new material was included concerning specifications procedures and guidance material relating to simultaneous operations on parallel or near parallel instrument runways including the minimum distances between runways exemple 114 In an icao document.

Question 14-2 : Regulation eu no 965/2012 as amended lays down detailed rules on certain aspects of aviation safety which of the following are covered by that regulation ?

Commercial air transport operations with aeroplanes and helicopters

Commission regulation eu no 965/2012 of 5 october 2012 . article 1 subject matter and scope1 this regulation lays down detailed rules for commercial air transport operations with aeroplanes and helicopters including ramp inspections of aircraft of operators under the safety oversight of another state when landed at aerodromes located in the territory subject to the provisions of the treaty 2 this regulation also lays down detailed rules on the conditions for issuing maintaining amending limiting suspending or revoking the certificates of operators of aircraft referred to in article 4 1 b and c of regulation ec no 216/2008 engaged in commercial air transport operations the privileges and responsibilities of the holders of certificates as well as conditions under which operations shall be prohibited limited or subject to certain conditions in the interest of safety exemple 118 Commercial air transport operations with aeroplanes and helicopters.

Question 14-3 : Two aircraft are flying towards a vor to hold the lowest level of the hold is fl140 aircraft a arrives first and is assigned fl160 aircraft b arrives after what level should aircraft b be assigned in the hold ?

Fl170

Levels at a holding fix or visual holding location shall as far as practicable be assigned in a manner that will facilitate clearing each aircraft to approach in its proper priority normally the first aircraft to arrive over a holding fix or visual holding location should be at the lowest level with following aircraft at successively higher levels when the level below is vacant the atco will re clear the pilot to the lower level the pilot will acknowledge the clearance and immediately commence descent in a holding pattern aircraft are ‘stacked’ up one on top of another with the necessary vertical separation applied 1000 ft considering the above we can conclude that aircraft a arriving first at the holding fix will occupy the lowest available level aircraft b will then be stacked up 1000 ft above aircraft a => fl170 exemple 122 Fl170

Question 14-4 : What should be done if an ra is triggered in the cockpit ?

Manoeuvre to the minimum extent necessary to comply with the ra

Icao doc 8168 chapter 3.operation of airborne collision avoidance system acas equipment.3 2 use of acas indicators.c in the event of an ra pilots shall .1 respond immediately by following the ra as indicated unless doing so would jeopardize the safety of the aeroplane ..note 1 — stall warning wind shear and ground proximity warning system alerts have precedence over acas .note 2 — visually acquired traffic may not be the same traffic causing an ra visual perception of an encounter may be misleading particularly at night

Question 14-5 : To which categories of aircraft is regulation 965/2012 applicable ?

Motor powered and non motor powered aircraft involved in commercial air transport operations cat and complex and other than complex motor powered aircraft involved in non commercial operations

Regulation eu no 965/2012 article 1.subject matter and scope.1 this regulation lays down detailed rules for air operations with aeroplanes and helicopters .2 this regulation also lays down detailed rules on the conditions for issuing maintaining amending limiting suspending or revoking the certificates of operators of aircraft except for balloons and sailplanes engaged in commercial air transport operation .3 this regulation also lays down detailed rules on the conditions and procedures for the declaration by operators engaged in commercial specialised operations of aeroplanes and helicopters or in non commercial operation of complex motor powered aircraft including non commercial specialised operations of complex motor powered aircraft .4 this regulation also lays down detailed rules on the conditions under which certain high risk commercial specialised operations shall be subject to authorisation in the interest of safety and on the conditions for issuing maintaining amending limiting suspending or revoking the authorisations .5 .6 this regulation shall not apply to air operations with airships .7 this regulation shall not apply to air operations with balloons and sailplanes exemple 130 Motor-powered and non motor-powered aircraft involved in commercial air transport operations (cat) and complex and other than complex motor-powered aircraft involved in non-commercial operations.

Question 14-6 : Which of the following lists all the subparts of annex v to the eu regulation no 965/2012 easa air ops part spa ?

General requirements performance based navigation pbn operations operations with specified minimum navigation performance mnps operations in airspace with reduced vertical separation minima rvsm low visibility operations lvo extended range operations with two engine aeroplanes etops transport of dangerous goods helicopter operations with night vision imaging systems helicopter hoist operations helicopter emergency medical service operations helicopter offshore operations

Part spa annex v to the eu no 965/2012 regulation on air operations is the part which houses information and regulations for operations which require special approvals hence the name spa .this includes subparts .a gen general requirements.b pbn performance based navigation operations.c mnps operations with specified minimum navigation performance.d rvsm operations in airspace with reduced vertical separation minima.e lvo low visibility operations.f etops extended range operations with two engined aeroplanes.g dg transport of dangerous goods.h nvis helicopter operations with night vision imaging systems.i hho helicopter hoist operations.j hems helicopter emergency medical service operations.k hofo helicopter offshore operations.l set imc single engined turbine aeroplane operations at night or in instrument meteorological conditions.m efb electronic flight bags..this is a very long list indeed and in fact none of the possible answers contain all the subparts but one does contain significantly more than the rest and the missing subparts are the more obscure ones subparts l and m it is a time consuming question but it can be made much easier by comparing the available options .flight time limitations do not need special approvals they are in part oro this removes one possible answer immediately .the other three answers contain correct part spa subparts but just by looking at them the correct answer contains more of the subparts exemple 134 General requirements, performance-based navigation (pbn) operations, operations with specified minimum navigation performance (mnps), operations in airspace with reduced vertical separation minima (rvsm), low visibility operations (lvo), extended range operations with two-engine aeroplanes (etops), transport of dangerous goods, helicopter operations with night vision imaging systems, helicopter hoist operations, helicopter emergency medical service operations, helicopter offshore operations.

Question 14-7 : Which of the following lists all subparts of annex vi to the eu regulation no 965/2012 easa air ops part ncc ?

General requirements operational procedures aircraft performance and operating limitations instruments data and equipment

Part ncc annex vi to the eu no 965/2012 regulation on air operations is the part which houses information and regulations for non commercial operations using complex motor powered aircraft this includes subparts . a gen general requirements . b op operational procedures . c pol aircraft performance and operating limitations . d ide instruments data and equipment exemple 138 General requirements, operational procedures, aircraft performance and operating limitations, instruments, data and equipment.

Question 14-8 : An ils approach is being flown given och 167 ft . operational margin 33 ftwhat is the correct approach minimum ?

Dh is 200 ft

The missed approach should be initiated not lower than the decision altitude/height da/h in precision approach procedures or at a specified point in non precision approach procedures not lower than the minimum descent altitude/height mda/h an ils is a precision approach therefore the correct answer must include 'decision' rather than 'minimum descent' obstacle clearance height och + operational margin = decision height dh . 167 ft + 33 ft = dh 200 ft obstacle clearance height is the lowest height above the elevation of the relevant runway threshold or the aerodrome elevation as applicable used in establishing compliance with appropriate obstacle clearance criteria exemple 142 Dh is 200 ft.

Question 14-9 : Complete the following phrase . is a defined area symmetrically disposed about the nominal flight track in which full obstacle clearance is provided ?

Primary area

Primary area a defined area symmetrically disposed about the nominal flight track in which full obstacle clearance is provided secondary area a defined area on each side of the primary area located along the nominal flight track in which decreasing obstacle clearance is provided initial approach segment that segment of an instrument approach procedure between the initial approach fix and the intermediate fix or where applicable the final approach fix or point intermediate approach segment that segment of an instrument approach procedure between either the intermediate fix and the final approach fix or point or between the end of a reversal racetrack or dead reckoning track procedure and the final approach fix or point as appropriate exemple 146 Primary area

Question 14-10 : The och is 150 ft for a visual circling approach into an aerodrome given the following heights aerodrome elevation 35 ft . rwy 01 threshold elevation 39 ft . rwy 19 threshold elevation 30 ftwhat is the oca for rwy 01 ?

185 ft

Obstacle clearance altitude oca or obstacle clearance height och the lowest altitude or the lowest height above the elevation of the relevant runway threshold or the aerodrome elevation as applicable used in establishing compliance with appropriate obstacle clearance criteria .note 1 obstacle clearance altitude is referenced to mean sea level and obstacle clearance height is referenced to the threshold elevation or in the case of non precision approaches to the aerodrome elevation or the threshold elevation if that is more than 2 m 7 ft below the aerodrome elevation an obstacle clearance height for a circling approach is referenced to the aerodrome elevation .note 2 for convenience when both expressions are used they may be written in the form obstacle clearance altitude/height and abbreviated oca/h exemple 150 185 ft

Question 14-11 : What must a pilot do if an ra is triggered in the cockpit ?

Respond by following the ra and inform atc because atc doesn't have communication with acas

Icao doc 8168 chapter 3.operation of airborne collision avoidance system acas equipment.3 2 use of acas indicators.c in the event of an ra pilots shall .1 respond immediately by following the ra as indicated unless doing so would jeopardize the safety of the aeroplane .4 as soon as possible as permitted by flight crew workload notify the appropriate atc.note 1 — stall warning wind shear and ground proximity warning system alerts have precedence over acas .note 2 — visually acquired traffic may not be the same traffic causing an ra visual perception of an encounter may be misleading particularly at night ..when a ra occurs the flight crew must notify the appropriate atc unit as soon as possible as permitted by flight crew workload in the following manner 'company 123 tcas ra standby'.if the pilot is unable to comply with an atc clearance or instruction because there is a ra the appropriate response is 'company 123 unable tcas ra standby'.the atc response in both cases should be 'roger'.this relieves the controller of the responsibility to provide separation and he will not try to modify the aircraft flight path until the pilot reports 'clear of conflict'.when tcas announces 'clear of conflict' the pf must return the aeroplane promptly but smoothly to the atc clearance announce the tcas 'clear of conflict' message when the conflict is over using the phraseology .'company 123 clear of conflict returning to assigned clearance ' or.'company 123 clear of conflict assigned clearance resumed' exemple 154 Respond by following the ra and inform atc because atc doesn't have communication with acas.

Question 14-12 : Where the transition altitude is shared between 2 different aerodromes the common transition altitude shall be… ?

The highest between 2 aerodromes

Transition altitude . a transition altitude shall normally be specified for each aerodrome by the state in which the aerodrome is located where two or more closely spaced aerodromes are located so that coordinated procedures are required a common transition altitude shall be established this common transition altitude shall be the highest that would be required if the aerodromes were considered separately further information can be found in icao doc 8168 chapter 2 basic altimeter setting requirements exemple 158 The highest between 2 aerodromes.

Question 14-13 : A control zone shall extend laterally to at least ?

5 nm from the centre of the aerodrome or aerodromes concerned in the direction from which approaches may be made

A control zone is a controlled airspace extending upwards from the surface of the earth to a specified upper limit .annex 11 air traffic services .2 10 5 control zones.2 10 5 1 the lateral limits of control zones shall encompass at least those portions of the airspace which are not within control areas containing the paths of ifr flights arriving at and departing from aerodromes to be used under instrument meteorological conditions .2 10 5 2 the lateral limits of a control zone shall extend to at least 9 3 km 5 nm from the centre of the aerodrome or aerodromes concerned in the directions from which approaches may be made exemple 162 5 nm from the centre of the aerodrome or aerodromes concerned in the direction from which approaches may be made.

Question 14-14 : A controlled airspace extending upwards from a specified limit above the earth is ?

Control area

Pans atm doc4444 . control zone ctr controlled airspace extending upwards from the surface of the earth to a specified upper limit . controlled airspace an airspace of defined dimensions within which air traffic control service is provided in accordance with the airspace classification .note controlled airspace is a generic term which covers ats airspace classes a b c d and e . 735. control area cta a controlled airspace extending upwards from a specified limit above the earth . advisory airspace an airspace of defined dimensions or designated route within which air traffic advisory service is available exemple 166 Control area.

Question 14-15 : A controlled airspace extending upwards from the surface of the earth to a specified upper limit is ?

Control zone

Pans atm doc4444 . control zone ctr controlled airspace extending upwards from the surface of the earth to a specified upper limit . controlled airspace an airspace of defined dimensions within which air traffic control service is provided in accordance with the airspace classification .note controlled airspace is a generic term which covers ats airspace classes a b c d and e . 735. control area cta a controlled airspace extending upwards from a specified limit above the earth . advisory airspace an airspace of defined dimensions or designated route within which air traffic advisory service is available exemple 170 Control zone.

Question 14-16 : Which is the content of section 2 of air report airep ?

Estimated time of arrival eta endurance

exemple 174 Estimated time of arrival (eta), endurance.

Question 14-17 : A lower limit of a control area shall be established at a height above the ground level or water of not less than ?

200 metres

Pans atm doc4444 .control area cta a controlled airspace extending upwards from a specified limit above the earth .it is a volume of controlled airspace that exists in the vicinity of an airport .it has a specified lower level and a specified upper level . 735.a cta is a box of airspace that does not touch the surface of the earth .annex 11 air traffic services specified a lower limit at a height above the ground or water of not less than 200 m 700 ft exemple 178 200 metres.

Question 14-18 : A minimum vertical separation shall be provided until aircraft are established inbound on the ils localizer course and/or mls final approach track this minimum is when independent parallel approaches are being conducted ?

300 m 1000 ft

Doc pans atm 4444.6 7 3 2 4 a minimum of 300 m 1000 ft vertical separation or subject to radar system and situation display capabilities a minimum of 5 6 km 3 0 nm radar separation shall be provided until aircraft are established .a inbound on the ils localizer course and/or mls final approach track and.b within the normal operating zone noz

Question 14-19 : A 'rnav' distance based separation minimum may be used at the time the level is crossed provided that each aircraft reports its distance to or from the same 'on track' way point this minimum is ?

80 nm

Doc 4444 .5 4 2 6 longitudinal separation minima based on distance using rnav where rnp is specified .5 4 2 6 2 separation shall be established by maintaining not less than the specified distance between aircraft positions as reported by reference to the same 'on track' common point whenever possible ahead of both aircraft or by means of an automated position reporting system . 736. figure 5 26a 150 km 80 nm rnav based separation between aircraft climbing and on same track exemple 186 80 nm.

Question 14-20 : A separation minimum shall be applied between a light or medium aircraft and a heavy aircraft and between a light aircraft and a medium aircraft when the heavier aircraft is making a low or missed approach and the lighter aircraft is landing on the same runway in the opposite direction or on a ?

Less than 760 m

Pans atm doc4444 .a separation minimum of 2 minutes shall be applied between a light or medium aircraft and a heavy aircraft and between a light aircraft and a medium aircraft when the heavier aircraft is making a low or missed approach and the lighter aircraft is .a utilizing an opposite direction runway for take off or. b landing on the same runway in the opposite direction or on a parallel opposite direction runway separated by less than 760 m 2500 ft . 737

Question 14-21 : A so called 'visual approach' can be performed ?

During ifr flights if there is permanent sight on the movement area and the underlying ground

Doc 4444 icao pans atm definitions .visual approach an approach by an ifr flight when either part or all of an instrument approach procedure is not completed and the approach is executed in visual reference to terrain . 6 5 3 visual approach .6 5 3 1 clearance for an ifr flight to execute a visual approach may be requested by a flight crew or initiated by the controller in the latter case the concurrence of the flight crew shall be required .6 5 3 2 controllers shall exercise caution in initiating a visual approach when there is reason to believe that the flight crew concerned is not familiar with the aerodrome and its surrounding terrain controllers should also take into consideration the prevailing traffic and meteorological conditions when initiating visual approaches .6 5 3 3 an ifr flight may be cleared to execute a visual approach provided the pilot can maintain visual reference to the terrain and .a the reported ceiling is at or above the level of the beginning of the initial approach segment for the aircraft so cleared or.b the pilot reports at the level of the beginning of the initial approach segment or at any time during the instrument approach procedure that the meteorological conditions are such that with reasonable assurance a visual approach and landing can be completed exemple 194 During ifr flights, if there is permanent sight on the movement area and the underlying ground.

Question 14-22 : A special air report comprises a number of sections in section i the pilot fills in ?

A position report including aircraft identification height position and time

Pans atm doc4444 .4 12 reporting of operational and meteorological information.4 12 1 general.4 12 1 1 when operational and/or routine meteorological information is to be reported using data link by an aircraft en route at times where position reports are required in accordance with 4 11 1 1 and 4 11 1 2 the position report shall be given in accordance with 4 11 5 2 requirements concerning transmission of meteorological information from ads c equipped aircraft or in the form of a routine air report special aircraft observations shall be reported as special air reports all air reports shall be reported as soon as is practicable .4 12 3 3 when voice communications are used special air reports shall contain the following elements .message type designator.section 1 position information.1 aircraft identification.2 position.3 time.4 flight level or altitude exemple 198 A position report, including aircraft identification, height, position and time

Question 14-23 : A strayed aircraft is ?

An aircraft which has deviated significantly from its intended track or which reports that it is lost

exemple 202 An aircraft which has deviated significantly from its intended track or which reports that it is lost

Question 14-24 : A vfr flight when flying inside an ats airspace classified as b has to maintain the following minima of flight visibility and distance from clouds ?

5 km below 3050 m 10 000 ft ams 1 500 m horizontal and 300 m vertical from clouds

Sera 5001 vmc visibility and distance from cloud minima . 712. * when the height of the transition altitude is lower than 3050 m 10000 ft amsl fl 100 shall be used in lieu of 10000 ft . ** when so prescribed by the appropriate ats authority .a flight visibilities reduced to not less than 1 500 m may be permitted for flights operating . 1 at speeds of 140 kts ias or less to give adequate opportunity to observe other traffic or any obstacles in time to avoid collision or. 2 in circumstances in which the probability of encounters with other traffic would normally be low e g in areas of low volume traffic and for aerial work at low levels . b helicopters may be permitted to operate in less than 1 500 m but not less than 800 m flight visibility if manoeuvred at a speed that will give adequate opportunity to observe other traffic or any obstacles in time to avoid collision flight visibilities lower than 800 m may be permitted for special cases such as medical flights search and rescue operations and fire fighting . *** the vmc minima in class a airspace are included for guidance to pilots and do not imply acceptance of vfr flights in class a airspace exemple 206 5 km below 3050 m (10.000 ft) ams 1.500 m horizontal and 300 m vertical from clouds.

Question 14-25 : A vfr flight when flying inside an ats airspace classified as c has to maintain the following minima of flight visibility and distance from clouds ?

8 km at or above 3050 m 10000 ft amsl 1500 m horizontal and 300 m vertical from clouds

Sera 5001 vmc visibility and distance from cloud minima . 712. * when the height of the transition altitude is lower than 3050 m 10000 ft amsl fl 100 shall be used in lieu of 10000 ft . ** when so prescribed by the appropriate ats authority .a flight visibilities reduced to not less than 1 500 m may be permitted for flights operating . 1 at speeds of 140 kts ias or less to give adequate opportunity to observe other traffic or any obstacles in time to avoid collision or. 2 in circumstances in which the probability of encounters with other traffic would normally be low e g in areas of low volume traffic and for aerial work at low levels . b helicopters may be permitted to operate in less than 1 500 m but not less than 800 m flight visibility if manoeuvred at a speed that will give adequate opportunity to observe other traffic or any obstacles in time to avoid collision flight visibilities lower than 800 m may be permitted for special cases such as medical flights search and rescue operations and fire fighting . *** the vmc minima in class a airspace are included for guidance to pilots and do not imply acceptance of vfr flights in class a airspace exemple 210 8 km at or above 3050 m (10000 ft) amsl 1500 m horizontal and 300 m vertical from clouds.

Question 14-26 : According to international agreements wind direction shall be adjusted to the local variation and given in degrees magnetic ?

Before landing and take off

exemple 214 Before landing and take-off.

Question 14-27 : Aerodrome control service priority for landing .if an aircraft enters the traffic circuit without proper authorisation ?

It shall be permitted to land if its actions indicate that it so desires

Doc4444 procedures for air navigation services air traffic management pans atm . 7 7 3 priority for landing .7 7 3 1 if an aircraft enters an aerodrome traffic circuit without proper authorization it shall be permitted to land if its actions indicate that it so desires if circumstances warrant aircraft which are in contact with the controller may be instructed by the controller to give way so as to remove as soon as possible the hazard introduced by such unauthorized operation in no case shall permission to land be with held indefinitely .7 7 3 2 in cases of emergency it may be necessary in the interests of safety for an aircraft to enter a traffic circuit and effect a landing without proper authorization .controllers should recognize the possibilities of emergency action and render all assistance possible exemple 218 It shall be permitted to land if its actions indicate that it so desires.

Question 14-28 : Air traffic control service is provided for the purpose of ?

Preventing collisions between aircraft between aircraft and obstacles on the manoeuvring area and expediting and maintaining an orderly flow of air traffic

Annex 11 air traffic services . 2 2 objectives of the air traffic services .the objectives of the air traffic services shall be to .a prevent collisions between aircraft .b prevent collisions between aircraft on the manoeuvring area and obstructions on that area .c expedite and maintain an orderly flow of air traffic .d provide advice and information useful for the safe and efficient conduct of flights .e notify appropriate organizations regarding aircraft in need of search and rescue aid and assist such organizations as required exemple 222 Preventing collisions between aircraft, between aircraft and obstacles on the manoeuvring area and expediting and maintaining an orderly flow of air traffic.

Question 14-29 : Air traffic service unit means ?

Air traffic control units flight information centres or air services reporting offices

Annex 11 . air traffic service unit is a generic term meaning variously air traffic control units flight information centres or air services reporting offices . air traffic control units a generic term meaning variously aera control centre approach control unit or aerodrome control tower . flight information centres a unit established to provide flight information service and alerting service . air services reporting offices a unit established for the purpose of receiving reports concerning air traffic services and flight plans submitted before departure exemple 226 Air traffic control units, flight information centres or air services reporting offices.

Question 14-30 : Air traffic services unit clocks and other time recording devices shall be checked as necessary to ensure correct time to within plus or minus ?

30 seconds of utc at all times

Annex 11 air traffic services. 2 25 time in air traffic services . .2 25 3 air traffic services unit clocks and other time recording devices shall be checked as necessary to ensure correct time to within plus or minus 30 seconds of utc wherever data link communications are utilized by an air traffic services unit clocks and other time recording devices shall be checked as necessary to ensure correct time to within 1 second of utc exemple 230 30 seconds of utc at all times.

Question 14-31 : Aircraft flying along the same track may be separated by dme distances from the same dme and it is confirmed that the aircraft have passed each other specify the shortest difference in dme distance to make it possible for one aircraft to climb or descend ?

10 nm

Doc4444 pans atm .5 4 2 3 4 aircraft climbing and descending.5 4 2 3 4 1 aircraft on the same track 19 km 10 nm while vertical separation does not exist provided .a each aircraft utilizes .i the same 'on track' dme station when both aircraft are utilizing dme or.ii an 'on track' dme station and a collocated waypoint when one aircraft is utilizing dme and the other is utilizing gnss or.iii the same waypoint when both aircraft are utilizing gnss and.b one aircraft maintains a level while vertical separation does not exist and.c separation is established by obtaining simultaneous dme and/or gnss readings from the aircraft see figures below . 738 exemple 234 10 nm.

Question 14-32 : Airspace classification services.during a 'visual approach' in controlled airspace class c ?

Atc will provide separation with other traffic

Visual approach an approach by an ifr flight when either part or all of an instrument approach procedure is not completed and the approach is executed in visual reference to terrain . doc 4444 .5 2 provisions for the separation of controlled traffic.5 2 1 general.5 2 1 1 vertical or horizontal separation shall be provided .a between all flights in class a and b airspaces .b between ifr flights in class c d and e airspaces .c between ifr flights and vfr flights in class c airspace .d between ifr flights and special vfr flights and.e between special vfr flights when so prescribed by the appropriate ats authority . 739 exemple 238 Atc will provide separation with other traffic.

Question 14-33 : Altimeter setting change during climb .on flights in accordance with ifr the change of the altimeter setting from qnh to standard shall be made at the ?

Transition altitude

Passing through transition layer refer to flight level in climb and to altitude in descent .in climb qnh to 1013 hpa at transition altitude .in descent 1013 hpa to qnh at transition level .1013 hpa standard = fl.qnh = altitude.qfe = height

Question 14-34 : The transition level ?

Shall be the lowest flight level available for use above the transition altitude

exemple 246 Shall be the lowest flight level available for use above the transition altitude.

Question 14-35 : Altimeter setting procedures transition altitude .the transition altitude of an aerodrome shall be as low as possible but normally not less than ?

3000 ft

Icao recommends that the transition altitude should not be lower than 3 000ft note 'altitudes' are measured above msl mean sea level so the transition altitude should not be lower than 3000ft the transition altitude should also take into account the nature of the terrain and ensure that aircraft are not using flight levels too close to the ground this means that the transition altitude may be higher than 3000ft to take into account required terrain clearance exemple 250 3000 ft.

Question 14-36 : Altimeter setting procedures transition layer .unless instructed otherwise by an air traffic controller when passing through the transition layer a pilot shall report the vertical position of the aircraft as ?

Altitude in a descent

When passing through the transition layer you must report your vertical position as an altitude your altimeter setting is now local qnh .example .in descent if transition layer is at 5000 ft 'speedbird 123 descending from flight level 100 to altitude 4000 ft qnh' .in climb you must report your vertical position as a flight level while crossing the transition altitude your altimeter setting is now 1013 hpa exemple 254 Altitude in a descent.

Question 14-37 : Altimeter setting procedures transition level .the vertical position of an aircraft at or above the transition level with altimeter setting 1013 2 hpa has to be reported ?

As flight level

Above the transition layer you must report your vertical position as a flight level your altimeter setting is now 1013 hpa .below the transition layer you must report your vertical position as an altitude your altimeter setting is now local qnh exemple 258 As flight level.

Question 14-38 : The transition level ?

Will be passed to aircraft by ats units

exemple 262 Will be passed to aircraft by ats units.

Question 14-39 : An air traffic control unit ?

May ask an aircraft to temporarily change its call sign for safety reasons when there is a risk of confusion between two or more similar call signs

exemple 266 May ask an aircraft to temporarily change its call sign for safety reasons when there is a risk of confusion between two or more similar call signs.

Question 14-40 : An aircraft in climb or descent is considered to have crossed a level when the ssr mode c derived level information indicates that it has passed this level in the required direction by ?

More than 300 ft

Icao doc4444 pans atm 'procedures for air navigation services air traffic management' . 8 5 5 2 determination of level occupancy .8 5 5 2 1 the criterion which shall be used to determine that a specific level is occupied by an aircraft shall be +/ 60 m +/ 200 ft in rvsm airspace in other airspace it shall be +/ 90 m +/ 300 ft except that the appropriate ats authority may specify a smaller criterion but not less than +/ 60 m +/ 200 ft if this is found to be more practical .8 5 5 2 2 aircraft maintaining a level an aircraft is considered to be maintaining its assigned level as long as the pressure altitude derived level information indicates that it is within the appropriate tolerances of the assigned level asspecified in 8 5 5 2 1 .8 5 5 2 3 aircraft vacating a level an aircraft cleared to leave a level is considered to have commenced its manoeuvre and vacated the previously occupied level when the pressure altitude derived level information indicates achange of more than 90 m 300 ft in the anticipated direction from its previously assigned level .8 5 5 2 4 aircraft passing a level in climb or descent an aircraft in climb or descent is considered to have crossed a level when the pressure altitude derived level information indicates that it has passed this level in the required directionby more than 90 m 300 ft .8 5 5 2 5 aircraft reaching a level an aircraft is considered to have reached the level to which it has been cleared when the elapsed time of three display updates three sensor updates or 15 seconds whichever is the greater has passed since the pressure altitude derived level information has indicated that it is within the appropriate tolerances of the assigned level as specified in 8 5 5 2 1 .8 5 5 2 6 intervention by a controller shall only be required if differences in level information between that displayed to the controller and that used for control purposes are in excess of the values stated above exemple 270 More than 300 ft.


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