Question 14-1 : Guidance material related to simultaneous operations on parallel or near parallel instrument runways may be found… ? [ Analysis topography ]

Question 14-2 : Regulation eu no 9652012 as amended lays down detailed rules on certain aspects of aviation safety which of the following are covered by that regulation ?

Commercial air transport operations with aeroplanes and helicopters.

Commission regulation eu no 9652012 of 5 october 2012 article 1 subject matter and scope1 this regulation lays down detailed rules for commercial air transport operations with aeroplanes and helicopters including ramp inspections of aircraft of operators under the safety oversight of another state when landed at aerodromes located in the territory subject to the provisions of the treaty2 this regulation also lays down detailed rules on the conditions for issuing maintaining amending limiting suspending or revoking the certificates of operators of aircraft referred to in article 4 1 b and c of regulation ec no 2162008 engaged in commercial air transport operations the privileges and responsibilities of the holders of certificates as well as conditions under which operations shall be prohibited limited or subject to certain conditions in the interest of safety

Question 14-3 : Two aircraft are flying towards a vor to hold the lowest level of the hold is fl140 aircraft a arrives first and is assigned fl160 aircraft b arrives after what level should aircraft b be assigned in the hold ?

Fl170.

Levels at a holding fix or visual holding location shall as far as practicable be assigned in a manner that will facilitate clearing each aircraft to approach in its proper priority normally the first aircraft to arrive over a holding fix or visual holding location should be at the lowest level with following aircraft at successively higher levels when the level below is vacant the atco will re clear the pilot to the lower level the pilot will acknowledge the clearance and immediately commence descentin a holding pattern aircraft are ‘stacked’ up one on top of another with the necessary vertical separation applied 1000 ft considering the above we can conclude that aircraft a arriving first at the holding fix will occupy the lowest available level aircraft b will then be stacked up 1000 ft above aircraft a => fl170

Question 14-4 : What should be done if an ra is triggered in the cockpit ?

Question 14-5 : To which categories of aircraft is regulation 9652012 applicable ?

Motor powered and non motor powered aircraft involved in commercial air transport operations cat and complex and other than complex motor powered aircraft involved in non commercial operations.

Regulation eu no 9652012 article 1subject matter and scope1 this regulation lays down detailed rules for air operations with aeroplanes and helicopters 2 this regulation also lays down detailed rules on the conditions for issuing maintaining amending limiting suspending or revoking the certificates of operators of aircraft except for balloons and sailplanes engaged in commercial air transport operation 3 this regulation also lays down detailed rules on the conditions and procedures for the declaration by operators engaged in commercial specialised operations of aeroplanes and helicopters or in non commercial operation of complex motor powered aircraft including non commercial specialised operations of complex motor powered aircraft 4 this regulation also lays down detailed rules on the conditions under which certain high risk commercial specialised operations shall be subject to authorisation in the interest of safety and on the conditions for issuing maintaining amending limiting suspending or revoking the authorisations5 6 this regulation shall not apply to air operations with airships7 this regulation shall not apply to air operations with balloons and sailplanes

Question 14-6 : Which of the following lists all the subparts of annex v to the eu regulation no 9652012 easa air ops part spa ?

General requirements performance based navigation pbn operations operations with specified minimum navigation performance mnps operations in airspace with reduced vertical separation minima rvsm low visibility operations lvo extended range operations with two engine aeroplanes etops transport of dangerous goods helicopter operations with night vision imaging systems helicopter hoist operations helicopter emergency medical service operations helicopter offshore operations.

Part spa annex v to the eu no 9652012 regulation on air operations is the part which houses information and regulations for operations which require special approvals hence the name spa this includes subparts a gen general requirementsb pbn performance based navigation operationsc mnps operations with specified minimum navigation performanced rvsm operations in airspace with reduced vertical separation minimae lvo low visibility operationsf etops extended range operations with two engined aeroplanesg dg transport of dangerous goodsh nvis helicopter operations with night vision imaging systemsi hho helicopter hoist operationsj hems helicopter emergency medical service operationsk hofo helicopter offshore operationsl set imc single engined turbine aeroplane operations at night or in instrument meteorological conditionsm efb electronic flight bagsthis is a very long list indeed and in fact none of the possible answers contain all the subparts but one does contain significantly more than the rest and the missing subparts are the more obscure ones subparts l and m it is a time consuming question but it can be made much easier by comparing the available optionsflight time limitations do not need special approvals they are in part oro this removes one possible answer immediatelythe other three answers contain correct part spa subparts but just by looking at them the correct answer contains more of the subparts

Question 14-7 : Which of the following lists all subparts of annex vi to the eu regulation no 9652012 easa air ops part ncc ?

General requirements operational procedures aircraft performance and operating limitations instruments data and equipment.

Part ncc annex vi to the eu no 9652012 regulation on air operations is the part which houses information and regulations for non commercial operations using complex motor powered aircraftthis includes subparts a gen general requirements b op operational procedures c pol aircraft performance and operating limitations d ide instruments data and equipment

Question 14-8 : An ils approach is being flown given och 167 ft operational margin 33 ftwhat is the correct approach minimum ?

Dh is 200 ft.

The missed approach should be initiated not lower than the decision altitudeheight dah in precision approach procedures or at a specified point in non precision approach procedures not lower than the minimum descent altitudeheight mdah an ils is a precision approach therefore the correct answer must include 'decision' rather than 'minimum descent'obstacle clearance height och + operational margin = decision height dh 167 ft + 33 ft = dh 200 ft obstacle clearance height is the lowest height above the elevation of the relevant runway threshold or the aerodrome elevation as applicable used in establishing compliance with appropriate obstacle clearance criteria

Question 14-9 : Complete the following phrase is a defined area symmetrically disposed about the nominal flight track in which full obstacle clearance is provided ?

Primary area.

Primary area a defined area symmetrically disposed about the nominal flight track in which full obstacle clearance is providedsecondary area a defined area on each side of the primary area located along the nominal flight track in which decreasing obstacle clearance is providedinitial approach segment that segment of an instrument approach procedure between the initial approach fix and the intermediate fix or where applicable the final approach fix or pointintermediate approach segment that segment of an instrument approach procedure between either the intermediate fix and the final approach fix or point or between the end of a reversal racetrack or dead reckoning track procedure and the final approach fix or point as appropriate

Question 14-10 : The och is 150 ft for a visual circling approach into an aerodrome given the following heights aerodrome elevation 35 ft rwy 01 threshold elevation 39 ft rwy 19 threshold elevation 30 ftwhat is the oca for rwy 01 ?

185 ft.

Obstacle clearance altitude oca or obstacle clearance height och the lowest altitude or the lowest height above the elevation of the relevant runway threshold or the aerodrome elevation as applicable used in establishing compliance with appropriate obstacle clearance criterianote 1 obstacle clearance altitude is referenced to mean sea level and obstacle clearance height is referenced to the threshold elevation or in the case of non precision approaches to the aerodrome elevation or the threshold elevation if that is more than 2 m 7 ft below the aerodrome elevation an obstacle clearance height for a circling approach is referenced to the aerodrome elevationnote 2 for convenience when both expressions are used they may be written in the form obstacle clearance altitudeheight and abbreviated ocah

Question 14-11 : What must a pilot do if an ra is triggered in the cockpit ?

Respond by following the ra and inform atc because atc doesn't have communication with acas.

Icao doc 8168 chapter 3operation of airborne collision avoidance system acas equipment32 use of acas indicatorsc in the event of an ra pilots shall 1 respond immediately by following the ra as indicated unless doing so would jeopardize the safety of the aeroplane 4 as soon as possible as permitted by flight crew workload notify the appropriate atcnote 1— stall warning wind shear and ground proximity warning system alerts have precedence over acasnote 2— visually acquired traffic may not be the same traffic causing an ra visual perception of an encounter may be misleading particularly at nightwhen a ra occurs the flight crew must notify the appropriate atc unit as soon as possible as permitted by flight crew workload in the following manner 'company 123 tcas ra standby'if the pilot is unable to comply with an atc clearance or instruction because there is a ra the appropriate response is 'company 123 unable tcas ra standby'the atc response in both cases should be 'roger'this relieves the controller of the responsibility to provide separation and he will not try to modify the aircraft flight path until the pilot reports 'clear of conflict'when tcas announces 'clear of conflict' the pf must return the aeroplane promptly but smoothly to the atc clearance announce the tcas 'clear of conflict' message when the conflict is over using the phraseology 'company 123 clear of conflict returning to assigned clearance ' or'company 123 clear of conflict assigned clearance resumed'

Question 14-12 : Where the transition altitude is shared between 2 different aerodromes the common transition altitude shall be… ?

The highest between 2 aerodromes.

Transition altitude a transition altitude shall normally be specified for each aerodrome by the state in which the aerodrome is locatedwhere two or more closely spaced aerodromes are located so that coordinated procedures are required a common transition altitude shall be established this common transition altitude shall be the highest that would be required if the aerodromes were considered separatelyfurther information can be found in icao doc 8168 chapter 2 basic altimeter setting requirements

Question 14-13 : A control zone shall extend laterally to at least ?

5 nm from the centre of the aerodrome or aerodromes concerned in the direction from which approaches may be made.

A control zone is a controlled airspace extending upwards from the surface of the earth to a specified upper limitannex 11 air traffic services 2105 control zones21051 the lateral limits of control zones shall encompass at least those portions of the airspace which are not within control areas containing the paths of ifr flights arriving at and departing from aerodromes to be used under instrument meteorological conditions21052 the lateral limits of a control zone shall extend to at least 93 km 5 nm from the centre of the aerodrome or aerodromes concerned in the directions from which approaches may be made

Question 14-14 : A controlled airspace extending upwards from a specified limit above the earth is ?

Control area.

Pans atm doc4444 control zone ctr controlled airspace extending upwards from the surface of the earth to a specified upper limit controlled airspace an airspace of defined dimensions within which air traffic control service is provided in accordance with the airspace classificationnote controlled airspace is a generic term which covers ats airspace classes a b c d and e 735 control area cta a controlled airspace extending upwards from a specified limit above the earth advisory airspace an airspace of defined dimensions or designated route within which air traffic advisory service is available

Question 14-15 : A controlled airspace extending upwards from the surface of the earth to a specified upper limit is ?

Control zone.

Pans atm doc4444 control zone ctr controlled airspace extending upwards from the surface of the earth to a specified upper limit controlled airspace an airspace of defined dimensions within which air traffic control service is provided in accordance with the airspace classificationnote controlled airspace is a generic term which covers ats airspace classes a b c d and e 735 control area cta a controlled airspace extending upwards from a specified limit above the earth advisory airspace an airspace of defined dimensions or designated route within which air traffic advisory service is available

Question 14-16 : Which is the content of section 2 of air report airep ?

Estimated time of arrival eta endurance.

Question 14-17 : A lower limit of a control area shall be established at a height above the ground level or water of not less than ?

200 metres.

Pans atm doc4444 control area cta a controlled airspace extending upwards from a specified limit above the earthit is a volume of controlled airspace that exists in the vicinity of an airportit has a specified lower level and a specified upper level 735a cta is a box of airspace that does not touch the surface of the earthannex 11 air traffic services specified a lower limit at a height above the ground or water of not less than 200 m 700 ft

Question 14-18 : A minimum vertical separation shall be provided until aircraft are established inbound on the ils localizer course andor mls final approach track this minimum is when independent parallel approaches are being conducted ?

Question 14-19 : A 'rnav' distance based separation minimum may be used at the time the level is crossed provided that each aircraft reports its distance to or from the same 'on track' way point this minimum is ?

80 nm.

Doc 4444 5426 longitudinal separation minima based on distance using rnav where rnp is specified 54262 separation shall be established by maintaining not less than the specified distance between aircraft positions as reported by reference to the same 'on track' common point whenever possible ahead of both aircraft or by means of an automated position reporting system 736 figure 5 26a 150 km 80 nm rnav based separation between aircraft climbing and on same track

Question 14-20 : A separation minimum shall be applied between a light or medium aircraft and a heavy aircraft and between a light aircraft and a medium aircraft when the heavier aircraft is making a low or missed approach and the lighter aircraft is landing on the same runway in the opposite direction or on a ?

Question 14-21 : A so called 'visual approach' can be performed ?

During ifr flights if there is permanent sight on the movement area and the underlying ground.

Doc 4444 icao pans atm definitions visual approach an approach by an ifr flight when either part or all of an instrument approach procedure is not completed and the approach is executed in visual reference to terrain 653 visual approach 6531 clearance for an ifr flight to execute a visual approach may be requested by a flight crew or initiated by the controller in the latter case the concurrence of the flight crew shall be required6532 controllers shall exercise caution in initiating a visual approach when there is reason to believe that the flight crew concerned is not familiar with the aerodrome and its surrounding terrain controllers should also take into consideration the prevailing traffic and meteorological conditions when initiating visual approaches6533 an ifr flight may be cleared to execute a visual approach provided the pilot can maintain visual reference to the terrain and a the reported ceiling is at or above the level of the beginning of the initial approach segment for the aircraft so cleared orb the pilot reports at the level of the beginning of the initial approach segment or at any time during the instrument approach procedure that the meteorological conditions are such that with reasonable assurance a visual approach and landing can be completed

Question 14-22 : A special air report comprises a number of sections in section i the pilot fills in ?

A position report including aircraft identification height position and time.

Pans atm doc4444 412 reporting of operational and meteorological information4121 general41211 when operational andor routine meteorological information is to be reported using data link by an aircraft en route at times where position reports are required in accordance with 41111 and 41112 the position report shall be given in accordance with 41152 requirements concerning transmission of meteorological information from ads c equipped aircraft or in the form of a routine air report special aircraft observations shall be reported as special air reports all air reports shall be reported as soon as is practicable41233 when voice communications are used special air reports shall contain the following elements message type designatorsection 1 position information1 aircraft identification2 position3 time4 flight level or altitude

Question 14-23 : A strayed aircraft is ?

An aircraft which has deviated significantly from its intended track or which reports that it is lost.

Question 14-24 : A vfr flight when flying inside an ats airspace classified as b has to maintain the following minima of flight visibility and distance from clouds ?

5 km below 3050 m 10000 ft ams 1500 m horizontal and 300 m vertical from clouds.

Sera5001 vmc visibility and distance from cloud minima 712 * when the height of the transition altitude is lower than 3050 m 10000 ft amsl fl 100 shall be used in lieu of 10000 ft ** when so prescribed by the appropriate ats authority a flight visibilities reduced to not less than 1 500 m may be permitted for flights operating 1 at speeds of 140 kts ias or less to give adequate opportunity to observe other traffic or any obstacles in time to avoid collision or 2 in circumstances in which the probability of encounters with other traffic would normally be low eg in areas of low volume traffic and for aerial work at low levels b helicopters may be permitted to operate in less than 1 500 m but not less than 800 m flight visibility if manoeuvred at a speed that will give adequate opportunity to observe other traffic or any obstacles in time to avoid collision flight visibilities lower than 800 m may be permitted for special cases such as medical flights search and rescue operations and fire fighting *** the vmc minima in class a airspace are included for guidance to pilots and do not imply acceptance of vfr flights in class a airspace

Question 14-25 : A vfr flight when flying inside an ats airspace classified as c has to maintain the following minima of flight visibility and distance from clouds ?

8 km at or above 3050 m 10000 ft amsl 1500 m horizontal and 300 m vertical from clouds.

Sera5001 vmc visibility and distance from cloud minima 712 * when the height of the transition altitude is lower than 3050 m 10000 ft amsl fl 100 shall be used in lieu of 10000 ft ** when so prescribed by the appropriate ats authority a flight visibilities reduced to not less than 1 500 m may be permitted for flights operating 1 at speeds of 140 kts ias or less to give adequate opportunity to observe other traffic or any obstacles in time to avoid collision or 2 in circumstances in which the probability of encounters with other traffic would normally be low eg in areas of low volume traffic and for aerial work at low levels b helicopters may be permitted to operate in less than 1 500 m but not less than 800 m flight visibility if manoeuvred at a speed that will give adequate opportunity to observe other traffic or any obstacles in time to avoid collision flight visibilities lower than 800 m may be permitted for special cases such as medical flights search and rescue operations and fire fighting *** the vmc minima in class a airspace are included for guidance to pilots and do not imply acceptance of vfr flights in class a airspace

Question 14-26 : According to international agreements wind direction shall be adjusted to the local variation and given in degrees magnetic ?

Before landing and take off.

Question 14-27 : Aerodrome control service priority for landingif an aircraft enters the traffic circuit without proper authorisation ?

It shall be permitted to land if its actions indicate that it so desires.

Doc4444 procedures for air navigation services air traffic management pans atm 773 priority for landing 7731 if an aircraft enters an aerodrome traffic circuit without proper authorization it shall be permitted to land if its actions indicate that it so desires if circumstances warrant aircraft which are in contact with the controller may be instructed by the controller to give way so as to remove as soon as possible the hazard introduced by such unauthorized operation in no case shall permission to land be with held indefinitely7732 in cases of emergency it may be necessary in the interests of safety for an aircraft to enter a traffic circuit and effect a landing without proper authorizationcontrollers should recognize the possibilities of emergency action and render all assistance possible

Question 14-28 : Air traffic control service is provided for the purpose of ?

Preventing collisions between aircraft between aircraft and obstacles on the manoeuvring area and expediting and maintaining an orderly flow of air traffic.

Annex 11 air traffic services 22 objectives of the air traffic services the objectives of the air traffic services shall be to a prevent collisions between aircraft b prevent collisions between aircraft on the manoeuvring area and obstructions on that area c expedite and maintain an orderly flow of air traffic d provide advice and information useful for the safe and efficient conduct of flights e notify appropriate organizations regarding aircraft in need of search and rescue aid and assist such organizations as required

Question 14-29 : Air traffic service unit means ?

Air traffic control units flight information centres or air services reporting offices.

Annex 11 air traffic service unit is a generic term meaning variously air traffic control units flight information centres or air services reporting offices air traffic control units a generic term meaning variously aera control centre approach control unit or aerodrome control tower flight information centres a unit established to provide flight information service and alerting service air services reporting offices a unit established for the purpose of receiving reports concerning air traffic services and flight plans submitted before departure

Question 14-30 : Air traffic services unit clocks and other time recording devices shall be checked as necessary to ensure correct time to within plus or minus ?

30 seconds of utc at all times.

Annex 11 air traffic services 225 time in air traffic services 2253 air traffic services unit clocks and other time recording devices shall be checked as necessary to ensure correct time to within plus or minus 30 seconds of utc wherever data link communications are utilized by an air traffic services unit clocks and other time recording devices shall be checked as necessary to ensure correct time to within 1 second of utc

Question 14-31 : Aircraft flying along the same track may be separated by dme distances from the same dme and it is confirmed that the aircraft have passed each other specify the shortest difference in dme distance to make it possible for one aircraft to climb or descend ?

10 nm.

Doc4444 pans atm 54234 aircraft climbing and descending542341 aircraft on the same track 19 km 10 nm while vertical separation does not exist provided a each aircraft utilizes i the same 'on track' dme station when both aircraft are utilizing dme orii an 'on track' dme station and a collocated waypoint when one aircraft is utilizing dme and the other is utilizing gnss oriii the same waypoint when both aircraft are utilizing gnss andb one aircraft maintains a level while vertical separation does not exist andc separation is established by obtaining simultaneous dme andor gnss readings from the aircraft see figures below 738

Question 14-32 : Airspace classification servicesduring a 'visual approach' in controlled airspace class c ?

Atc will provide separation with other traffic.

Visual approach an approach by an ifr flight when either part or all of an instrument approach procedure is not completed and the approach is executed in visual reference to terrain doc 4444 52 provisions for the separation of controlled traffic521 general5211 vertical or horizontal separation shall be provided a between all flights in class a and b airspaces b between ifr flights in class c d and e airspaces c between ifr flights and vfr flights in class c airspace d between ifr flights and special vfr flights ande between special vfr flights when so prescribed by the appropriate ats authority 739

Question 14-33 : Altimeter setting change during climb on flights in accordance with ifr the change of the altimeter setting from qnh to standard shall be made at the ?

Question 14-34 : The transition level ?

Shall be the lowest flight level available for use above the transition altitude.

Question 14-35 : Altimeter setting procedures transition altitudethe transition altitude of an aerodrome shall be as low as possible but normally not less than ?

3000 ft.

Icao recommends that the transition altitude should not be lower than 3000ft note 'altitudes' are measured above msl mean sea level so the transition altitude should not be lower than 3000ft the transition altitude should also take into account the nature of the terrain and ensure that aircraft are not using flight levels too close to the ground this means that the transition altitude may be higher than 3000ft to take into account required terrain clearance

Question 14-36 : Altimeter setting procedures transition layerunless instructed otherwise by an air traffic controller when passing through the transition layer a pilot shall report the vertical position of the aircraft as ?

Altitude in a descent.

When passing through the transition layer you must report your vertical position as an altitude your altimeter setting is now local qnh example in descent if transition layer is at 5000 ft 'speedbird 123 descending from flight level 100 to altitude 4000 ft qnh'in climb you must report your vertical position as a flight level while crossing the transition altitude your altimeter setting is now 1013 hpa

Question 14-37 : Altimeter setting procedures transition levelthe vertical position of an aircraft at or above the transition level with altimeter setting 10132 hpa has to be reported ?

As flight level.

Above the transition layer you must report your vertical position as a flight level your altimeter setting is now 1013 hpa below the transition layer you must report your vertical position as an altitude your altimeter setting is now local qnh

Question 14-38 : The transition level ?

Will be passed to aircraft by ats units.

Question 14-39 : An air traffic control unit ?

May ask an aircraft to temporarily change its call sign for safety reasons when there is a risk of confusion between two or more similar call signs.

Question 14-40 : An aircraft in climb or descent is considered to have crossed a level when the ssr mode c derived level information indicates that it has passed this level in the required direction by ?

More than 300 ft.

Icao doc4444 pans atm 'procedures for air navigation services air traffic management' 8552 determination of level occupancy 85521 the criterion which shall be used to determine that a specific level is occupied by an aircraft shall be + 60 m + 200 ft in rvsm airspace in other airspace it shall be + 90 m + 300 ft except that the appropriate ats authority may specify a smaller criterion but not less than + 60 m + 200 ft if this is found to be more practical85522 aircraft maintaining a level an aircraft is considered to be maintaining its assigned level as long as the pressure altitude derived level information indicates that it is within the appropriate tolerances of the assigned level asspecified in 8552185523 aircraft vacating a level an aircraft cleared to leave a level is considered to have commenced its manoeuvre and vacated the previously occupied level when the pressure altitude derived level information indicates achange of more than 90 m 300 ft in the anticipated direction from its previously assigned level85524 aircraft passing a level in climb or descent an aircraft in climb or descent is considered to have crossed a level when the pressure altitude derived level information indicates that it has passed this level in the required directionby more than 90 m 300 ft 85525 aircraft reaching a level an aircraft is considered to have reached the level to which it has been cleared when the elapsed time of three display updates three sensor updates or 15 seconds whichever is the greater has passed since the pressure altitude derived level information has indicated that it is within the appropriate tolerances of the assigned level as specified in 8552185526 intervention by a controller shall only be required if differences in level information between that displayed to the controller and that used for control purposes are in excess of the values stated above