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Question 15-1 : An aircraft intercepted by another aircraft shall immediately attempt to establish radio communication with the intercepting aircraft on the following frequencies ? [ Study Manual ]

121 5 mhz 243 mhz

Icao annex 2 rules of the air .appendix 2 interception of civil aircraft. note see chapter 3 3 8 of the annex . . 2 action by intercepted aircraft .2 1 an aircraft which is intercepted by another aircraft shall immediately .a follow the instructions given by the intercepting aircraft interpreting and responding to visual signals in accordance with the specifications in appendix 1 .b notify if possible the appropriate air traffic services unit .c attempt to establish radiocommunication with the intercepting aircraft or with the appropriate intercept control unit by making a general call on the emergency frequency 121 5 mhz giving the identity of the intercepted aircraft and the nature of the flight and if no contact has been established and if practicable repeating this call on the emergency frequency 243 mhz .d if equipped with ssr transponder select mode a code 7700 unless otherwise instructed by the appropriate air traffic services unit .e if equipped with ads b or ads c select the appropriate emergency functionality if available unless otherwise instructed by the appropriate air traffic services unit exemple 115 121.5 mhz - 243 mhz

Question 15-2 : Outside rvsm airspace an aircraft is considered to be maintaining its assigned level as long as the ssr mode c derived level information indicated that it is within ?

+/ 300 ft of the assigned level

Icao doc 4444 8 5 5 2 exemple 119 +/- 300 ft of the assigned level.

Question 15-3 : An aircraft is considered to overtake another if it approaches the other aircraft from the rear on a line forming an angle of less than ?

70 degrees with the plane of symmetry of the latter

Annex 2 rules of the air .3 2 2 right of way.3 2 2 4 overtaking an overtaking aircraft is an aircraft that approaches another from the rear on a line forming an angle of less than 70 degrees with the plane of symmetry of the latter i e is in such a position with reference to the other aircraft that at night it should be unable to see either of the aircraft's left port or right starboard navigation lights an aircraft that is being overtaken has the right of way and the overtaking aircraft whether climbing descending or in horizontal flight shall keep out of the way of the other aircraft by altering its heading to the right and no subsequent change in the relative positions of the two aircraft shall absolve the overtaking aircraft from this obligation until it is entirely past and clear exemple 123 70 degrees with the plane of symmetry of the latter.

Question 15-4 : An aircraft is maintaining fl 150 within airspace class c another aircraft below at fl 140 is receiving a clearance to descend to fl 70 it is severe turbulence in the area when is the earliest that a clearance to descend to fl 140 or below can be expected ?

When the other aircraft has reported that it has descended through fl 130

Doc4444 procedures for air navigation services air traffic management pans atm . 5 3 4 vertical separation during climb or descent .5 3 4 1 an aircraft may be cleared to a level previously occupied by another aircraft after the latter has reported vacating it except when .a severe turbulence is known to exist .b the higher aircraft is effecting a cruise climb or.c the difference in aircraft performance is such that less than the applicable separation minimum may result .in which case such clearance shall be withheld until the aircraft vacating the level has reported at or passing another level separated by the required minimum exemple 127 When the other aircraft has reported that it has descended through fl 130.

Question 15-5 : An aircraft making a radar approach should be advised to consider executing a missed approach if the position or identification of the aircraft is in doubt during any portion of the final approach or if the aircraft is not visible on the radar display for significant interval during the last ?

2 nm

Icao doc 4444 pans atm .8 9 6 radar approaches.8 9 6 1 8 an aircraft making a radar approach should .a be directed to execute a missed approach in the following circumstances .i when the aircraft appears to be dangerously positioned on final approach or.ii for reasons involving traffic conflictions or.iii if no clearance to land has been received from the procedural controller by the time the aircraft reaches a distance of 4 km 2 nm from touchdown or such other distance as has been agreed with the aerodrome control tower or.iv on instructions by the aerodrome controller or.b be advised to consider executing a missed approach in the following circumstances .i when the aircraft reaches a position from which it appears that a successful approach cannot be completed or.ii if the aircraft is not visible on the situation display for any significant interval during the last 4 km 2 nm of the approach or.iii if the position or identification of the aircraft is in doubt during any portion of the final approach .in all such cases the reason for the instruction or the advice should be given to the pilot exemple 131 2 nm.

Question 15-6 : An aircraft making a radar approach should be directed to consider executing a missed approach if the aircraft is not visible on the radar display for any significant interval during the ?

Last 2 nm of the approach

Icao doc 4444 pans atm .8 9 6 radar approaches.8 9 6 1 8 an aircraft making a radar approach should .a be directed to execute a missed approach in the following circumstances .i when the aircraft appears to be dangerously positioned on final approach or.ii for reasons involving traffic conflictions or.iii if no clearance to land has been received from the procedural controller by the time the aircraft reaches a distance of 4 km 2 nm from touchdown or such other distance as has been agreed with the aerodrome control tower or.iv on instructions by the aerodrome controller or.b be advised to consider executing a missed approach in the following circumstances .i when the aircraft reaches a position from which it appears that a successful approach cannot be completed or.ii if the aircraft is not visible on the situation display for any significant interval during the last 4 km 2 nm of the approach or.iii if the position or identification of the aircraft is in doubt during any portion of the final approach .in all such cases the reason for the instruction or the advice should be given to the pilot exemple 135 Last 2 nm of the approach.

Question 15-7 : An aircraft making a radar approach should be directed to execute a missed approach if no clearance to land has been received from the non radar controller by the time the aircraft reaches a distance of ?

2 nm from the touchdown

Icao doc 4444 pans atm .8 9 6 radar approaches.8 9 6 1 8 an aircraft making a radar approach should .a be directed to execute a missed approach in the following circumstances .i when the aircraft appears to be dangerously positioned on final approach or.ii for reasons involving traffic conflictions or.iii if no clearance to land has been received from the procedural controller by the time the aircraft reaches a distance of 4 km 2 nm from touchdown or such other distance as has been agreed with the aerodrome control tower or.iv on instructions by the aerodrome controller or.b be advised to consider executing a missed approach in the following circumstances .i when the aircraft reaches a position from which it appears that a successful approach cannot be completed or.ii if the aircraft is not visible on the situation display for any significant interval during the last 4 km 2 nm of the approach or.iii if the position or identification of the aircraft is in doubt during any portion of the final approach .in all such cases the reason for the instruction or the advice should be given to the pilot exemple 139 2 nm from the touchdown.

Question 15-8 : The information communicated in an atis broadcast shall be updated ?

Immediately a significant change occurs

Annex 11 . 4 3 6 automatic terminal information service .b the information communicated shall be updated immediately a significant change occurs exemple 143 Immediately a significant change occurs.

Question 15-9 : An ats airspace where ifr and vfr are permitted and receive flight information service if requested is classified as ?

Airspace g

Annex 11 air traffic services official table . 740 exemple 147 Airspace g.

Question 15-10 : An ats airspace where ifr and vfr are permitted ifr flights are subject to air traffic control service and are separated from other ifr flights all flights receive traffic information as far as is practical is classified as ?

Airspace e

Annex 11 air traffic services official table . 740 exemple 151 Airspace e.

Question 15-11 : An ats airspace where ifr and vfr flights are permitted all flights are subject to air traffic control service and are separated from each other is classified as ?

Airspace b

Annex 11 air traffic services official table . 740 exemple 155 Airspace b.

Question 15-12 : An ats airspace where ifr and vfr flights are permitted all flights are subject to air traffic control service and ifr flights are separated from other ifr flights and from vfr flights vfr flights are separated from ifr flights and receive traffic information about other vfr flight is ?

Airspace c

Annex 11 air traffic services official table . 740 exemple 159 Airspace c.

Question 15-13 : An ats airspace where ifr and vfr flights are permitted all participating ifr flights receive an air traffic advisory service and all flights receive flight information service if requested is classified ?

Airspace f

Annex 11 air traffic services official table . 740 exemple 163 Airspace f.

Question 15-14 : An ats airspace where ifr and vfr fligts are permitted and all flights are subject to air traffic control service ifr flights are separated from other ifr flights and receive traffic information in respect of vfr flights vfr flights receive traffic information in respect of all other flights is ?

Airspace d

Annex 11 air traffic services official table . 740 exemple 167 Airspace d.

Question 15-15 : Approach control service .an expected approach time eat will be transmitted by the most expeditious means to the aircraft when it is expected that it has to hold ?

For 30 minutes or more

Doc 4444 pans atm.chapter 6 separation in the vicinity of aerodromes. 6 5 7 expected approach time . .6 5 7 2 an expected approach time shall be transmitted to the aircraft by the most expeditious means whenever it is anticipated that the aircraft will be required to hold for 30 minutes or more exemple 171 For 30 minutes or more.

Question 15-16 : Area control centres issue clearances for the purpose of ?

Achieving separation between controlled flights

exemple 175 Achieving separation between controlled flights

Question 15-17 : At the commencement of final approach if the controller possesses wind information in the form of components significant changes in the mean surface wind direction and speed shall be transmitted to aircraft the mean cross wind component significant change is ?

5 kt

Pans atm doc4444 .6 6 4 at the commencement of final approach the following information shall be transmitted to aircraft .a significant changes in the mean surface wind direction and speed .note significant changes are specified in annex 3 chapter 4 however if the controller possesses wind information in the form of components the significant changes are . mean headwind component 19 km/h 10 kt . mean tailwind component 4 km/h 2 kt . mean crosswind component 9 km/h 5 kt exemple 179 5 kt.

Question 15-18 : At the commencement of final approach if the controller possesses wind information in the form of components significant changes in the mean surface wind direction and speed shall be transmitted to aircraft the mean head wind component significant change is ?

10 kt

Pans atm doc4444 .6 6 4 at the commencement of final approach the following information shall be transmitted to aircraft .a significant changes in the mean surface wind direction and speed .note significant changes are specified in annex 3 chapter 4 however if the controller possesses wind information in the form of components the significant changes are . mean headwind component 19 km/h 10 kt . mean tailwind component 4 km/h 2 kt . mean crosswind component 9 km/h 5 kt exemple 183 10 kt.

Question 15-19 : At the commencement of final approach if the controller possesses wind information in the form of components significant changes in the mean surface wind direction and speed shall be transmitted to aircraft the mean tail wind component significant change is ?

2 kt

Pans atm doc4444 .6 6 4 at the commencement of final approach the following information shall be transmitted to aircraft .a significant changes in the mean surface wind direction and speed .note significant changes are specified in annex 3 chapter 4 however if the controller possesses wind information in the form of components the significant changes are . mean headwind component 19 km/h 10 kt . mean tailwind component 4 km/h 2 kt . mean crosswind component 9 km/h 5 kt exemple 187 2 kt.

Question 15-20 : Atis updating .whenever atis is provided the broadcast information shall be updated ?

Immediately a significant change occurs

Annex 11 . 4 3 6 automatic terminal information service voice and/or data link .the information communicated shall be updated immediately a significant change occurs exemple 191 Immediately a significant change occurs.

Question 15-21 : Atis broadcast ?

Shall not be transmitted on the voice channel of an ils

Annex 11 air traffic services .chapter 4 flight information service.4 3 4 2 a discrete vhf frequency shall whenever practicable be used for voice atis broadcasts if a discrete frequency is not available the transmission may be made on the voice channel s of the most appropriate terminal navigation aid s preferably a vor provided the range and readability are adequate and the identification of the navigation aid is sequenced with the broadcast so that the latter is not obliterated .4 3 4 3 voice atis broadcasts shall not be transmitted on the voice channel of an ils exemple 195 Shall not be transmitted on the voice channel of an ils.

Question 15-22 : Atis broadcast messages containing departure and arrival information should include cloud cover when the clouds are ?

Below 1500 m 5000 ft or below the highest minimum sector altitude whichever is the greater

Icao annex 11 and doc4444 . 4 3 7 atis for arriving and departing aircraft .atis messages containing both arrival and departure informationshall contain the following elements of information in the order listed .a name of aerodrome .b arrival and/or departure indicator .c contract type if communication is via d atis .d designator .e time of observation if appropriate .f type of approach es to be expected .g the runway s in use status of arresting system constituting a potential hazard if any .h significant runway surface conditions and if appropriate braking action .i holding delay if appropriate .j transition level if applicable .k other essential operational information .l surface wind direction and speed including significant variations and if surface wind sensors related specifically to the sections of runway s in use are available and the information is required by operators the indication of the runway and the section of the runway to which the information refers .m visibility and when applicable rvr .n present weather .o cloud below 1500 m 5000 ft or below the highest minimum sector altitude whichever is greater cumulonimbus if the sky is obscured vertical visibility when available .p air temperature .q dew point temperature .r altimeter setting s .s any available information on significant meteorological phenomena in the approach and climb out areas including wind shear and information on recent weather of operational significance .t trend forecast when available and.u specific atis instructions exemple 199 Below 1500 m (5000 ft) or below the highest minimum sector altitude, whichever is the greater.

Question 15-23 : Change from ifr to vfr will always take place ?

On the initiative of the aircraft commander

exemple 203 On the initiative of the aircraft commander.

Question 15-24 : Classification of airspace above 3050m 10000 ft amsl the vmc minima for vfr flights in all classes of airspace are ?

Visibility 8 km distance from clouds 1500 m horizontal 1000 ft vertical

exemple 207 Visibility: 8 km, distance from clouds: 1500 m horizontal, 1000 ft vertical.

Question 15-25 : Clearance for descent . ?

That he has left fl 140

Doc4444 procedures for air navigation services air traffic management pans atm . 5 3 4 vertical separation during climb or descent .5 3 4 1 an aircraft may be cleared to a level previously occupied by another aircraft after the latter has reported vacating it except when .a severe turbulence is known to exist .b the higher aircraft is effecting a cruise climb or.c the difference in aircraft performance is such that less than the applicable separation minimum may result .in which case such clearance shall be withheld until the aircraft vacating the level has reported at or passing another levelseparated by the required minimum exemple 211 That he has left fl 140.

Question 15-26 : Clearance on final approach .a pilot may expect to receive the clearance to land or any alternative clearance before the aircraft reaches a distance of ?

2 nm from touchdown

Icao doc 4444 .8 9 6 1 7 clearance to land or any alternative clearance received from the aerodrome controller or when applicable the procedural controller should normally be passed to the aircraft before it reaches a distance of 4 km 2 nm from touchdown exemple 215 2 nm from touchdown.

Question 15-27 : Clearances will be issued by an atc unit for the purpose of ?

Achieving separation between controlled flights

exemple 219 Achieving separation between controlled flights.

Question 15-28 : Concerning to rnp required navigation performance types the indication rnp 4 represents a navigation accuracy of ?

Plus or minus 4 nm on a 95 per cent containment basis

Pans atm doc4444 . rnp type a containment value expressed as a distance in nautical miles from the intended position within which flights would be for at least 95 per cent of the total flying time .example rnp 4 represents a navigation accuracy of plus or minus 7 4 km 4 nm on a 95 per cent containment basis . 741 exemple 223 Plus or minus 4 nm on a 95 per cent containment basis.

Question 15-29 : A control area cta is a controlled airspace extending upwards from ?

A specified limit above the earth

Pans atm doc4444 . control zone ctr controlled airspace extending upwards from the surface of the earth to a specified upper limit . controlled airspace an airspace of defined dimensions within which air traffic control service is provided in accordance with the airspace classification .note controlled airspace is a generic term which covers ats airspace classes a b c d and e . 735. control area cta a controlled airspace extending upwards from a specified limit above the earth . advisory airspace an airspace of defined dimensions or designated route within which air traffic advisory service is available exemple 227 A specified limit above the earth.

Question 15-30 : Ctr minimum lateral limits.how many nm shall a control zone extend at least from a reference point of the aerodrome or aerodromes into the direction from which approaches may be made ?

5 nm

A control zone is a controlled airspace extending upwards from the surface of the earth to a specified upper limit .annex 11 air traffic services .2 10 5 control zones.2 10 5 1 the lateral limits of control zones shall encompass at least those portions of the airspace which are not within control areas containing the paths of ifr flights arriving at and departing from aerodromes to be used under instrument meteorological conditions .2 10 5 2 the lateral limits of a control zone shall extend to at least 9 3 km 5 nm from the centre of the aerodrome or aerodromes concerned in the directions from which approaches may be made exemple 231 5 nm.

Question 15-31 : During an arrival procedure under an ifr flight plan in vmc conditions traffic avoidance is the responsibility of ?

The pilot in command

In vmc and imc in vmc conditions the crew are ultimately responsible for avoiding collisions with other aircraft exemple 235 The pilot in command.

Question 15-32 : During an ifr flight in vmc in controlled airspace you experience a two way radio communication failure you will ?

Land at the nearest suitable aerodrome maintaining vmc and inform atc

Doc 4444 chapter 15 procedures related to emergencies communication failure and contingencies .15 3 air ground communications failure.15 3 3 if the aircraft fails to indicate that it is able to receive and acknowledge transmissions separation shall be maintained between the aircraft having the communication failure and other aircraft based on the assumption that the aircraft will .a if in visual meteorological conditions .1 continue to fly in visual meteorological conditions .2 land at the nearest suitable aerodrome and.3 report its arrival by the most expeditious means to the appropriate air traffic control unit exemple 239 Land at the nearest suitable aerodrome maintaining vmc and inform atc.

Question 15-33 : Expected approach time / eat a pilot receive an eat as soon as practicable when an expected approach delay is ?

10 minutes or more

If the approach time will be delayed by 10 minutes or more the pilot must be informed as soon as posible .if he must hold for at least a minimum of 30 minutes the pilot must be informed as soon as posible .in the first case the pilot can adjust his cruise speed in order not to hold on arrival for example .. estimated time of arrival for ifr flights the time at which it is estimated that the aircraft will arrive over that designated point defined by reference to navigation aids from which it is intended that an instrument approach procedure will be commenced or if no navigation aid is associated with the aerodrome the time at which the aircraft will arrive over the aerodrome for vfr flights the time at which it is estimated that the aircraft will arrive over the aerodrome . expected approach time the time at which atc expects that an arriving aircraft following a delay will leave the holding fix to complete its approach for a landing

Question 15-34 : Except in some special cases the establishment of change over points should be limited to route segments of ?

60 nm or more

Annex 11 air traffic services.2 13 establishment ofchange over points.2 13 1 recommendation change over points should be established on ats route segments defined by reference to very high frequency omnidirectional radio ranges where this will assist accurate navigation along the route segments the establishment of change over points should be limited to route segments of 110 km 60 nm or more except where the complexity of ats routes the density of navigation aids or other technical and operational reasons warrant the establishment of change over points on shorter route segments exemple 247 60 nm or more.

Question 15-35 : Except otherwise established by the appropriate ats authority a surveillance radar approach sra shall be terminated at a distance from the touchdown of ?

2 nm

Pans atm doc4444 .8 9 7 1 surveillance radar approach .8 9 7 1 1 a final approach using solely surveillance radar should not be carried out if precision approach radar is available unless meteorological conditions are such as to indicate with reasonable certainty that a surveillance radar approach can be completed successfully .8 9 7 1 2 a surveillance radar approach shall only be performed with equipment suitably sited and a situation display specifically marked to provide information on position relative to the extended centre line of the runway to be used and distance from touchdown and which is specifically approved for the purpose by the appropriate ats authority .8 9 7 1 3 when conducting a surveillance radar approach the controller shall comply with the following . .f the surveillance radar approach shall be terminated .i at a distance of 4 km 2 nm from touchdown or.ii before the aircraft enters an area of continuous radar clutter or.iii when the pilot reports that a visual approach can be effected .whichever is the earliest exemple 251 2 nm.

Question 15-36 : Except when prescribed in procedures or made possible by agreements aircraft under radar control shall not be vectored closer to the boundary of controlled airspace than ?

2 5 nm

Pans atm doc 4444 .8 6 5 vectoring.8 6 5 1 vectoring shall be achieved by issuing to the pilot specific headings which will enable the aircraft to maintain the desired track when vectoring an aircraft a controller shall comply with the following . .c except when transfer of control is to be effected aircraft shall not be vectored closer than 4 6 km 2 5 nm or where the minimum permissible separation is greater than 9 3 km 5 nm a distance equivalent to one half of the prescribed separation minimum from the limit of the airspace for which the controller is responsible unless local arrangements have been made to ensure that separation will exist with aircraft operating in adjoining areas exemple 255 2.5 nm.

Question 15-37 : Fligh information region fir is an airspace within which the following services are provided ?

Flight information service and alerting service

Icao doc 4444 procedures for air navigation services air traffic management .chapter 1 definitions . flight information region fir an airspace of defined dimensions within which flight information service and alerting service are provided . flight information service a service provided for the purpose of giving advice and information useful for the safe and efficient conduct of flights . alerting service a service provided to notify appropriate organizations regarding aircraft in need of search and rescue aid and assist such organizations as required exemple 259 Flight information service and alerting service.

Question 15-38 : Flight information service provided to flights shall include the provision of information concerning collision hazards to aircraft operating in airspace classes ?

C to g inclusive

Icao annex 11 air traffic services .chapter 4 flight information service.4 2 2 flight information service provided to flights shall include in addition to that outlined in 4 2 1 the provision of information concerning .a weather conditions reported or forecast at departure destination and alternate aerodromes . b collision hazards to aircraft operating in airspace classes c d e f and g exemple 263 C to g (inclusive).

Question 15-39 : Flight information service shall be provided to aircraft in order to avoid collision hazards when operating in airspace classes ?

C d e f and g

Icao annex 11 air traffic services .chapter 4 flight information service.4 2 2 flight information service provided to flights shall include in addition to that outlined in 4 2 1 the provision of information concerning .a weather conditions reported or forecast at departure destination and alternate aerodromes . b collision hazards to aircraft operating in airspace classes c d e f and g exemple 267 C, d, e, f, and g.

Question 15-40 : Flight plan .for an ifr flight to an airport equipped with navaids the estimated time of arrival is the estimated time at which the aircraft ?

Will arrive overhead the initial approach fix

Estimated time of arrival for ifr flights the time at which it is estimated that the aircraft will arrive over that designated point defined by reference to navigation aids from which it is intended that an instrument approach procedure will be commenced or if no navigation aid is associated with the aerodrome the time at which the aircraft will arrive over the aerodrome for vfr flights the time at which it is estimated that the aircraft will arrive over the aerodrome . expected approach time the time at which atc expects that an arriving aircraft following a delay will leave the holding fix to complete its approach for a landing exemple 271 Will arrive overhead the initial approach fix.


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