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Question 141-1 : A 'graveyard spin' is ? [ Certification weather ]

A spin in which the pilot, on recovery, tends to re enter the spin due to the somatogyral illusion where the vestibular system no longer senses radial acceleration.


Question 141-2 : Illusions that pilots experience in conditions of fog or mist are that ?

Objects appear further away than they really are and can lead to steep approaches.

.if the object appears further away you would delay your descent until you are closer but now you are too close and you have to make a steeper descent. exemple 245 Objects appear further away than they really are and can lead to steep approaches.

Question 141-3 : If warned of an imminent thunderstorm ?

Cockpit lights should be turned up.

.during night flights in the vicinity of lightning, flight deck lights should be turned up to help prevent loss of night vision due to the bright flashes.

Question 141-4 : During a steady climb above flight level 100 if cabin pressurization fails ?

The effects of hypoxia may be gradual and difficult to recognise.

exemple 253 The effects of hypoxia may be gradual and difficult to recognise.

Question 141-5 : Heart attack myocardial infarction ?

Is the commonest cause of death in men over the age of 40.

exemple 257 Is the commonest cause of death in men over the age of 40.

Question 141-6 : Which of the following statements is true concerning the pulse rate ?

It has a normal range of 60 100 beats per minute.

exemple 261 It has a normal range of 60-100 beats per minute.

Question 141-7 : Carbon dioxide ?

Is a normal product of internal respiration.

exemple 265 Is a normal product of internal respiration.

Question 141-8 : Glaucoma ?

Is a condition detected by pressure testing the eye ball.

exemple 269 Is a condition detected by pressure testing the eye ball.

Question 141-9 : The noise induced damage to a pilot depends on.1. the intensity of the noise..2. the frequency of the noise..3. the duration of the noise..4. proper usage of the headset. ?

1, 2, 3, 4.

exemple 273 1, 2, 3, 4.

Question 141-10 : How many stages of sleep are there including rem sleep ?

5 stages.

.there are five phases of sleep. usually when you are sleeping, you begin at stage 1 and go through each stage until reaching rem sleep, and then you begin the cycle again..each complete sleep cycle takes from 90 to 110 minutes. your brain acts differently in each stage of sleep. in some of the stages, your body may make movements, but in others your arms and legs will be immobile...stage 1 sleep is light sleep. you experience a drifting in and out of sleep. you can be easily woken up. your eye movement and body movements slow down. you may experience sudden jerky movement of your legs or other muscles. these are known as hypnic myoclonia or myoclonic jerks...stage 2 around 50 percent of your time sleeping is spent in stage 2 sleep. during this stage, eye movement stops and your brain waves a measure of the activity level of the brain become slower...stage 3 is the first stage of deep sleep. the brain waves are a combination of slow waves, known as delta waves, combined with faster waves. during stage 3 sleep it can be very difficult to wake someone up. if you are woken up during this stage, you may feel groggy and disoriented for several minutes...stage 4 sleep is the second stage of deep sleep. in this stage the brain is making the slow delta waves almost exclusively. in this stage it is also very difficult to wake someone up. both stages of deep sleep are important for feeling refreshed in the morning. if these stages are too short, sleep will not feel satisfying...stage 5 rem rapid eye movement sleep is the sleep stage in which dreaming occurs. when you enter into rem sleep, your breathing becomes fast, irregular and shallow. your eyes will move rapidly and your muscles become immobile. heart rate and blood pressure increase. men may develop erections. about 20 percent of sleep is rem sleep for adults. exemple 277 5 stages.

Question 141-11 : The main purpose of lumbar support is to ?

Produce an even pressure of the discs by allowing the lower spine to curve naturally.

exemple 281 Produce an even pressure of the discs by allowing the lower spine to curve naturally.

Question 141-12 : How is yellow fever contracted ?

A virus transmitted by an infected mosquito.

exemple 285 A virus transmitted by an infected mosquito.

Question 141-13 : Otic barotrauma is worse during the descent than climb because ?

The air in the middle ear is at a lower pressure than the cabin, this closes the eustation tube so that the pressure cannot be equalised.

exemple 289 The air in the middle ear is at a lower pressure than the cabin, this closes the eustation tube so that the pressure cannot be equalised.

Question 141-14 : Flying with a 'common cold' ?

May lead to incapacitation due to severe sinus or ear pain.

exemple 293 May lead to incapacitation due to severe sinus or ear pain.

Question 141-15 : Hearing tests are carried out during pilot medicals to ?

Detect early signs of deafness.

exemple 297 Detect early signs of deafness.

Question 141-16 : Noise induced hearing loss nihl ?

Is a condition resulting in permanent hearing loss of selected frequencies.

exemple 301 Is a condition resulting in permanent hearing loss of selected frequencies.

Question 141-17 : Presbyopia ?

Is common over the age of 50.

exemple 305 Is common over the age of 50.

Question 141-18 : Colour blindness ?

May be subtle and only detected using specialised tests.

.color blindness color vision deficiency is the inability or decreased ability to see color, or perceive color differences, under normal lighting conditions. it does not affects acuity. there is no known treatment for colour blindness. exemple 309 May be subtle and only detected using specialised tests.

Question 141-19 : Concerning the light sensitive cells of the eye ?

The cones detect colour vision and are highly sensitive to hypoxia.

.the cones detect colour vision and the fovea therefore gives us great resolution colour vision at normal every day light levels for things we are looking directly at. of all the body organs, the brain and the eyes are most sensitive to hypoxia. exemple 313 The cones detect colour vision and are highly sensitive to hypoxia.

Question 141-20 : Pilots should not fly immediately following giving a donation of blood ?

Because there is a small increased risk of low blood pressure due to loss of blood volume.

.the danger is the risk of fainting and the cause of that is the low blood pressure, see aic 97/2004.blood, plasma and bone marrow donation flying and air traffic control..1 many aircrew and controllers have expressed the wish to donate blood in support of the national blood transfusion service. blood donation is invariably a safe, painless and uneventful procedure and the blood volume is restored within a few hours by redistribution of body fluids and intake of soft drinks and beverages. a few individuals feel faint afterwards but this effect is minimised by resting supine for a short time 15 20 minutes...2 blood and plasma donation.2.1 aircrew.2.1.1 aircrew are advised that in order to prevent the very slight risk of post transfusion faintness or syncope they should refrain from donating blood or plasma if they are required to fly within twenty four hours...2.2 air traffic controllers.2.2.1 air traffic controllers are advised to avoid donating blood if they are going on operational duties within a minimum of twelve hours. they can, however, give blood when coming off shift...3 bone marrow donation.3.1 after bone marrow donation which involves a general anaesthetic, the minimum interval recommended before duty for both aircrew and controllers is forty eight hours. however, the individual response to this procedure varies and specialist medical opinion should thus be sought. exemple 317 Because there is a small increased risk of low blood pressure due to loss of blood volume.

Question 141-21 : Which of the following statements is true concerning regular physical exercise..1. it increases pulse rate and stroke volume in the short term.2. it reduces blood pressure and heart rate in the long term.3. it increases the human tolerance to hypoxia. ?

1, 2, 3.

Exercise increases the body's demand for oxygen, but regular physical exercise increases the human tolerance to hypoxia. exemple 321 1, 2, 3.

Question 141-22 : Heart attack myocardial infarction ?

Is a total blockage of a coronary artery leading to the death of a piece of heart muscle.

exemple 325 Is a total blockage of a coronary artery leading to the death of a piece of heart muscle.

Question 141-23 : Hypertension ?

Increases the risk of a heart attack and stroke.

exemple 329 Increases the risk of a heart attack and stroke.

Question 141-24 : Blood pressure is normally measured in ?

Mmhg.

exemple 333 Mmhg.

Question 141-25 : Internal respiration ?

Is a metabolic process that takes place inside the cells during which oxygen is used and carbon dioxide produced.

exemple 337 Is a metabolic process that takes place inside the cells during which oxygen is used and carbon dioxide produced.

Question 141-26 : During a rapid decompression in a two crew aircraft, the other pilot becomes incapacitated, your first action is to ?

Don your own oxygen mask.

Yetoli.... so that there is a risk of 2 incapacitated...don your own oxygen mask = put your own oxygen mask...in case of a rapid decompression, don your own oxygen mask first as a first and immediate step when the cabin altitude warning occurs. exemple 341 Don your own oxygen mask.

Question 141-27 : The percentage of oxygen in cabin air ?

Is the same as at sea level.

.the percentage of oxygen in cabin air remains unchanged 21% at all flight altitudes. but as altitude increases, the partial pressure of oxygen decreases. exemple 345 Is the same as at sea level.

Question 141-28 : Which counter measure can a pilot can use against a barotrauma of the middle ear ?

Stop descending, climb again and then descend with reduced sink rate.

exemple 349 Stop descending, climb again and then descend with reduced sink rate.

Question 141-29 : The approximate time required for complete adaptation of the eye when moving from darkness to light is ?

10 seconds.

exemple 353 10 seconds.

Question 141-30 : Is it possible to suffer from aerodontalgia in the descent ?

No.

.aerodontalgia is a pain in the teeth that results from a change in air pressure. if air is trapped in diseased or badly filled teeth, it expands during the climb..the pain will go when the aircraft descends. exemple 357 No.

Question 141-31 : Which of the following is true with regards to sleep..1 metabolic rate falls.2 arterial blood pressure falls.3 the pulse rate decreases.4 the sensitivity level of the senses is increased ?

1, 2 and 3.

exemple 361 1, 2 and 3.

Question 141-32 : Which of the following list can cause fatigue.1 sleep loss.2 jet lag.3 boredom.4 low levels of external stimulation ?

1, 2, 3 and 4.

exemple 365 1, 2, 3 and 4.

Question 141-33 : Which of the following list are symptoms of fatigue.1 tiredness.2 faster reactions.3 diminished motor skills.4 tunnelled concentration.5 increased long term memory capacity ?

1, 3 and 4 only.

exemple 369 1, 3 and 4 only.

Question 141-34 : What is the maximum jaa/easa blood/alcohol limit for flight and cabin crew ?

20 milligrams per 100 millilitres of blood.

Eu ops 1.085 crew responsabilities...... e a crew member shall not.. 1 consume alcohol less than 8 hours prior to the specified reporting time for flight dutyor the commencement of standby.. 2 commence a flight duty period with a blood alcohol level in excess of 0,2 promille.. 3 consume alcohol during the flightduty period or whilst on standby...'promille' per thousand. exemple 373 20 milligrams per 100 millilitres of blood.

Question 141-35 : On average most human adults require approximately how many hours sleep per night ?

8 h.

exemple 377 8 h.

Question 141-36 : In the case of fire in flight most fatalities are caused by ?

Suffocation from fumes caused by aircraft furnishing and wiring.

exemple 381 Suffocation from fumes caused by aircraft furnishing and wiring.

Question 141-37 : If a crew is having a stop over for less than 24hrs before returning to their homebase, what coping strategy should be used for jet lag ?

Maintain eating and sleeping cycle based on home time.

exemple 385 Maintain eating and sleeping cycle based on home time.

Question 141-38 : Tattooing and immunization with the use of improperly sterilized needles or syringes may expose the receiver to which of the following ?

Hepatitis b or c.

exemple 389 Hepatitis b or c.

Question 141-39 : Hypoglycaemia can be caused by ?

Not eating regularly or fasting.

exemple 393 Not eating regularly or fasting.

Question 141-40 : In the event of fuel spillage onto the body it is advisable that the affected area is ?

Initially washed with copious water and without the use of soap.

.think pragmatically you must act very quickly, you don't have time to select a soap which may be potentially dangerous when in contact with the fuel skin inflammation. you will remove the larger part of the toxic substance contained in the fuel with water, without removing the natural protective oils found on the surface of the skin. exemple 397 Initially washed with copious water and without the use of soap.


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