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Question 153-1 : The polar front is ? [ Learning aircraft ]

The boundary between polar and tropical air masses

Admin .the polar front is the boundary between polar air and tropical air . 595 exemple 253 The boundary between polar and tropical air masses.

Question 153-2 : What are the typical differences with regard to the temperature and humidity between an air mass with its origin in the azores and an air mass with its origin over northern russia ?

The air of the azores is warmer and more humid than the north russian air

exemple 257 The air of the azores is warmer and more humid than the north-russian air.

Question 153-3 : Where is the source of continental tropical air that affects europe in summer ?

The southern balkan region and the near east

exemple 261 The southern balkan region and the near east.

Question 153-4 : Where does polar continental air originate ?

Siberian landmass

exemple 265 Siberian landmass.

Question 153-5 : What type of fronts are most likely to be present during the winter in central europe when temperatures close to the ground are below 0°c and freezing rain starts to fall ?

Warm fronts warm occlusions

Admin .freezing rain is associated with warm fronts and warm occlusions in a warm front the freezing level is lower than behind in the warm sector and the slope means that freezing rain will be falling on anything underneath so if you are flying towards a warm front or warm occlusion watch out supercooled water droplets from above will freeze onto your cold airframe once you see ice pellets expect freezing rain next . 505 exemple 269 Warm fronts, warm occlusions.

Question 153-6 : Which of the following conditions are you most likely to encounter when approaching an active warm front at medium to low level ?

Low cloud base and poor visibility

Admin . 505.when approaching an active warm front at medium to low level you can expect a low cloud base poor visibility and rain exemple 273 Low cloud base and poor visibility.

Question 153-7 : During a cross country flight at fl 50 you observe the following sequence of clouds nimbostratus altostratus cirrostratus cirrus which of the following are you most likely to encounter ?

Decreasing temperatures

Admin .the cloud types described will be found in a warm front . 506.you are flying from the warm sector through the warm front in direction of the cold sector the outside temperature will be decreasing exemple 277 Decreasing temperatures.

Question 153-8 : What cloud formation is most likely to occur at low levels when a warm air mass overrides a cold air mass ?

Nimbostratus

Admin . a warm air mass overrides a cold air mass this is a warm front . 505.at low levels you will have stratus and nimbostratus exemple 281 Nimbostratus.

Question 153-9 : The approximate inclined plane of a warm front is ?

Is 1/150

Admin . 628.the slope of a warm front 1/150 is lower than the one of the cold front 1/50 exemple 285 Is 1/150.

Question 153-10 : What type of low pressure area is associated with a surface front ?

Polar front low

Admin .an area of low pressure found together with a surface front is a 'frontal depression' .frontal depressions are mid latitude weather systems formed due to differences in temperature and pressure of adjacent or converging air masses those frontal depression born on the front between polar and temperate air masses create a warm front where the warmer air rises over the colder one then trail a cold front behind it exemple 289 Polar front low.

Question 153-11 : In which approximate direction does the centre of a non occluded frontal depression move ?

In the direction of the warm sector isobars

Admin .a question uses the following annex and asks where will move the frontal depression . 507.answer is n°3 . 508.the isobars in the warm sector tend to be parallel and straight and give an indication in the direction of the system until it occludes exemple 293 In the direction of the warm sector isobars.

Question 153-12 : Where is the coldest air to be found in an occlusion with cold front characteristics ?

Behind the front

exemple 297 Behind the front.

Question 153-13 : What type of front / occlusion usually moves the fastest ?

Cold front

Admin . 621 exemple 301 Cold front.

Question 153-14 : What weather conditions are prevalent during the summer over the north sea approximately 300 km behind a quickly moving cold front ?

Cloud cover mostly scattered isolated showers

exemple 305 Cloud cover mostly scattered, isolated showers.

Question 153-15 : What is the surface visibility most likely to be in a warm sector of maritime tropical air during a summer afternoon in western europe ?

Moderate several km

Admin .the warm sector is invariably tropical maritime air mass warm moist and stable .visibility is generally not good but on a warm summer afternoon the air becomes less stable the relative humidity decreases and visibility improves exemple 309 Moderate (several km).

Question 153-16 : After passing at right angles through a very active cold front in the direction towards the cold air what will you encounter at fl 50 in the northern hemisphere immediately after a marked change in temperature ?

A veering in the wind direction

Admin .in the northern hemisphere the air flows anti clockwise around a depression . 509.if you are flying through the cold front from the warm sector to the cold sector at right angles the wind which was previously from the left of your nose becomes from the right of your nose that means the wind direction has increased in heading so that is veering exemple 313 A veering in the wind direction.

Question 153-17 : Which one of the tracks dashed lines is represented by the cross section shown on the left . 258 ?

Track d a

Admin .track d a corresponds to a warm occlusion . 628.with a warm occlusion cold front rides up and over the warm front .if the line of the occlusion is approximately along the same line as the warm front then we have a warm occlusion . 512 exemple 317 Track d-a

Question 153-18 : Which cross section of air mass and cloud presentation is applicable to the straight line a b . 259 ?

N°3

Admin .n°1 cold front and n°4 warm front are out line a b is an occlusion .n°3 is a warm occlusion and n°2 a cold occlusion .cold front rides up and over the warm front . 512.if the line of the occlusion was approximately along the same line as the warm front then we have a warm occlusion n°3 exemple 321 N°3

Question 153-19 : Refer to the diagram assuming the usual direction of movement where will this polar frontal wave have moved . 260 ?

Position 3

Admin . 508.the isobars in the warm sector tend to be parallel and straight and give an indication in the direction of the system until it occludes exemple 325 Position 3.

Question 153-20 : What is the classification of the airmass affecting position 'q' at 0600 utc . 261 ?

Tropical maritime

Admin . 455 exemple 329 Tropical maritime.

Question 153-21 : In which of the following regions does maritime polar air originate ?

East of greenland

Admin .a polar maritime air mass originates over the northern part of the north atlantic ocean east of greenland it is unstable cool and moist air and can produce anything from cumulus to cumulonimbus with showers and sunny spells in between . 611 exemple 333 East of greenland.

Question 153-22 : In which of the following situations can freezing rain be encountered ?

Ahead of a warm front in the winter

Admin . 505.freezing rain is encountered ahead of a warm front in winter and in summer and sometimes behind a cold front exemple 337 Ahead of a warm front in the winter.

Question 153-23 : How do air masses move at a warm front ?

Warm air overrides a cold air mass

Admin . 505.in a warm front warm air overrides a cold air mass exemple 341 Warm air overrides a cold air mass.

Question 153-24 : What type of precipitation would you expect at an active unstable cold front ?

Showers associated with thunderstorms

Admin . 614.an air mass is unstable when an ascending parcel of air continues to rise to a considerable height eg cb .an unstable air mass will normally be characterised by cumuliform cloud and good visibility except in precipitation exemple 345 Showers associated with thunderstorms.

Question 153-25 : What is the relative movement of the two air masses along a cold front ?

Cold air pushes under a warm air mass

Admin . 621.along a cold front the cold air pushes the warm air up exemple 349 Cold air pushes under a warm air mass.

Question 153-26 : What cloud cover is typical for a wide warm sector of a polar front depression over central europe in the summer ?

Fair weather cu

Admin .in a wide warm sector in summer over land you will have fair weather cumulus in winter you will have stratus mist and drizzle . 516 exemple 353 Fair weather cu.

Question 153-27 : Which of the following describes a warm occlusion ?

The coldest air mass is ahead of the original warm front

Admin .with a warm occlusion cold front rides up and over the warm front . 639. 626.in a warm occlusion the wedge of warm air from a warm sector depression is pushed up by the fast moving cold front and carried along aloft as the depression moves exemple 357 The coldest air mass is ahead of the original warm front.

Question 153-28 : When do cold occlusions occur most frequently in europe ?

Summer

.over europe we get more warm occlusions in the winter and more cold occlusions in the summer exemple 361 Summer.

Question 153-29 : In which main direction does a polar front depression move ?

Along the front towards the east

Admin .depressions affecting western europe develop over the atlantic where cold polar air meets warm tropical air then moves east steered by the strong winds aloft this boundary is known as the polar front as show in this picture . 517 exemple 365 Along the front towards the east.

Question 153-30 : What change in pressure will occur at point a during the next hour . 263 ?

A rise in pressure

Admin . 518.as the cold front moves away the barometer starts rising exemple 369 A rise in pressure.

Question 153-31 : What is the most likely cause of a lack of clouds at higher levels in a stationary high ?

Sinking air

Admin . 500.with convergence aloft and divergence at the surface sinking air will dissipate cloud exemple 373 Sinking air.

Question 153-32 : The front labelled 'z' is a . 279 ?

Warm front

exemple 377 Warm front.

Question 153-33 : What is the speed of the front located over france . 284 ?

15 kt

Admin . 645 exemple 381 15 kt

Question 153-34 : How are the air masses distributed in a cold occlusion ?

The coldest air mass behind and the less cold air in front of the occlusion the warm air mass is above ground level

Admin . 537.cold front 'lifts' the warm front up and over the very cold air exemple 385 The coldest air mass behind and the less cold air in front of the occlusion, the warm air mass is above ground level.

Question 153-35 : What characterizes a stationary front ?

The surface wind usually has its direction parallel to the front

Admin .a stationary front forms when a cold front or warm front stops moving this happens when two masses of air are pushing against each other but neither is powerful enough to move the other winds blowing parallel to the front instead of perpendicular can help it stay in place . 538.a stationary front may stay put for days if the wind direction changes the front will start moving again becoming either a cold or warm front or the front may break apart .the weather is often cloudy along a stationary front and rain or snow often falls especially if the front is in an area of low atmospheric pressure .on a weather map a stationary front is shown as alternating red semicircles and blue triangles the blue triangles point in one direction and the red semicircles point in the opposite direction exemple 389 The surface wind usually has its direction parallel to the front.

Question 153-36 : In an intense trough of low pressure over iceland during wintertime the weather likely to be experienced is ?

Strong wind shear convection and snow showers

Admin .with a trough of low pressure over iceland and due to the coriolis effect a consequence of the earth's rotation this in turn gives rise to a strong flow of cold air from greenland which imply below normal temperatures in western greenland and over iceland the weather likely to be experienced is strong wind shear convection and snow showers in winter exemple 393 Strong wind shear, convection and snow showers.

Question 153-37 : Where are you likely to find the strongest winds close to the ground ?

In the transition zone between two air masses

Admin .at the centre of a low pressure system a low or at the centre of a high pressure system a high and over area where there is little pressure gradient little variation in pressure over a large area winds are very light .on the other hand in the transition zone between two air masses at a warm front or a cold front you will find the strong winds close to the ground exemple 397 In the transition zone between two air masses.

Question 153-38 : An aircraft flying in the southern hemisphere at 2000 feet has to turn to the right in order to allow for drift in which direction relative to the aircraft is the centre of low pressure ?

In front

Admin .if you need to turn right to counteract the wind because you are drifting left the wind is coming from your right .if you stand with your back to the wind in the northern hemisphere low pressure is on your left buys ballot's law . northern hemisphere . 542.so in the southern hemisphere if you stand with your back to the wind low pressure is on the right .the wind is coming from your right so the centre of low pressure is in front of the aircraft exemple 401 In front.

Question 153-39 : Between which latitudes are you most likely to find the subtropical high pressure belt ?

25° 35°

Admin . 584 exemple 405 25° - 35°.

Question 153-40 : 'after such a fine day the ring around the moon was a bad sign yesterday evening for the weather today and sure enough it is pouring down outside the clouds are making an oppressively low ceiling of uniform grey but at least it has become a little bit warmer' .which of these weather phenomena is ?

A warm front

Admin . 622.the ring around the moon halo is caused by the cirrus of the warm front exemple 409 A warm front.


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