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Question 191-1 : On a transverse mercator chart, the scale is exactly correct along the ? [ Level reports ]

Meridians of tangency.

.scale is correct along the meridian of tangency the central meridian and expands away from it.. 2044 exemple 291 Meridians of tangency.

Question 191-2 : On a transverse mercator chart, with the exception of the equator, parallels of latitude appear as ?

Ellipses.

. 2515.transverse mercator map of the western hemisphere. exemple 295 Ellipses.

Question 191-3 : An oblique mercator projection is used specifically to produce ?

Charts of the great circle route between two points.

. 2044.oblique mercator a cylindrical projection based on any other great circle of tangency. exemple 299 Charts of the great circle route between two points.

Question 191-4 : Transverse mercator projections are used for ?

Maps of large north/south extent

. 2515.transverse mercator map of the western hemisphere. exemple 303 Maps of large north/south extent

Question 191-5 : On a polar stereographic chart a straight line between a 75° 00'n,166° 00'e and b 78° 00'n, 154° 00'e is drawn..the true track angle of the rhumb line in b is 317°..calculate the direction t° of the straight line in position a ?

323°.

.the total longitude track change is 12°..convergency is change of longitude x sin mean lat, so 12° x sin 77.5 = 11.71°..conversion angle is half of convergency 11.71/2 = 5.855°..317° + 5.855° = 322.855°. exemple 307 323°.

Question 191-6 : The scale on a lambert conformal conic chart ?

Is constant along a parallel of latitude.

.the scale is constant along any parallel of latitude at it varies slightly with change of latitude..the scale changes along the meridians..the scale is correct along the standard parallels.. 2507.the left red distance = the center red disance = the right red distance..the scale is constant along a parallel of latitude. exemple 311 Is constant along a parallel of latitude.

Question 191-7 : A direct mercator graticule is based on a projection that is ?

Cylindrical.

exemple 315 Cylindrical.

Question 191-8 : On a chart, the distance along a meridian between latitudes 45°n and 46°n is 6 cm. the scale of the chart is approximately ?

1 1 850 000

.scale = chart lenght / earth distance.scale = 6 cm / 60 nm.scale = 6 cm / 111.2 km.scale = 6 cm / 11 120 000 cm.scale = 1 / 1 853 333. exemple 319 1: 1 850 000

Question 191-9 : Given chart scale is 1 1 850 000. the chart distance between two points is 4 centimetres. earth distance is approximately ?

40 nm.

.4 cm x 1 850 000 cm = 7 400 000 cm = 74 km = 40 nm. exemple 323 40 nm.

Question 191-10 : On a mercator chart, at latitude 60°n, the distance measured between w002° and e008° is 20 cm. the scale of this chart at latitude 60°n is approximately ?

1 2 780 000

.distance between w002° and e008° is 10°...scale = chart lenght/earth distance..earth distance = 10° x 60 nm x cos 60° = 300 nm..300 nm x 1.852 = 555.6 km..1 cm chart scale = 555.6 /20 = 27.78 km...1 cm 2 778 000 cm. exemple 327 1: 2 780 000

Question 191-11 : Assume a mercator chart. the distance between positions a and b, located on the same parallel and 10° longitude apart, is 6 cm. the scale at the parallel is 1 9 260 000..what is the latitude of a and b ?

60°n or s.

.scale = chart distance/earth distance = 1/9 260 000.if chart distance = 6 cm, earth distance = 6 x 9 260 000cm = 55 560 000 cm..55 560 000 cm = 555.6 km.555.6 / 1.852 = 300 nm..10° of longitude on the chart= 300 nm..distance = change in longitude in nm x cos of latitude..10° at the equator = 10° x 60 nm = 600 nm..300 nm = 600 nm x cos of latitude..cos of latitude = 300/600 = 0.5.0.5 is cos 60º so this is at 60ºn or 60°s. exemple 331 60°n or s.

Question 191-12 : On a lambert chart standard parallels 37°n and 65°n , with respect to the straight line drawn on the map between a n49° w030° and b n48° w040° , the ?

Great circle and rhumb line are to the south.

.with standard parallels at 65°n and 37°n, the parallel of origin will be at 51°n 65+37 /2..the straight line n49° to n48° will be south of the parallel of origin..the great circle track will be concave to the parallel of origin and also located south of the parallel of origin..the rhumb line track will be concave to the nearer pole and also located south of the parallel of origin. exemple 335 Great circle and rhumb line are to the south.

Question 191-13 : A straight line on a chart 4.89 cm long represents 185 nm. the scale of this chart is approximately ?

1 7 000 000

.185 nm x 1.852 = 342.62 km.342.62 km x 1000 = 342 620 m.342 620 m x 100 = 34 262 000 cm..34 262 000 cm / 4.89 cm = 7 006 544. exemple 339 1: 7 000 000

Question 191-14 : At latitude 60°n the scale of a mercator projection is 1 5 000 000. the length on the chart between 'c' n60° e008° and 'd' n60° w008° is ?

17.8 cm.

.distance on earth = change in longitude x 60 nm x cos latitude.8°e to 8°w = 16° change..at 60°n, a distance on earth of 16° of longitude is.16° x 60 x cos60° = 480 nm.480 nm = 888.9 km = 88 896 000 cm...scale = earth distance /chart distance.scale = 88 896 000 cm / 5 000 000cm = 17.78 cm. exemple 343 17.8 cm.

Question 191-15 : The two standard parallels of a conical lambert projection are at n10°40' and n41°20'. the cone constant of this chart is approximatively ?

0.44

.constant of cone convergency factor the ratio between the top angle of the unfolded cone and 360°, or sine of the parallel of origin...the parallel of origin is about half way between the standard parallels.midway between n10°40'and n41°20'is n26°..sin of 26° = 0.438. exemple 347 0.44

Question 191-16 : On a direct mercator chart, meridians are ?

Parallel, equally spaced, vertical straight lines.

. 1753. direct mercator chart...on a direct mercator chart, meridians are parallel, equally spaced, vertical straight lines. 2054.rhumb lines or loxodromes are tracks of constant true course. exemple 351 Parallel, equally spaced, vertical straight lines.

Question 191-17 : On which of the following chart projections is it not possible to represent the north or south poles ?

Direct mercator.

. 1753. direct mercator chart..it is not possible to represent the poles on a direct mercator chart. exemple 355 Direct mercator.

Question 191-18 : Which one of the following, concerning great circles on a direct mercator chart, is correct ?

With the exception of meridians and the equator, they are curves concave to the equator.

. 1753. direct mercator chart... 2054.great circles are concave to the equator except meridians and the equator itself...concave or convex. 2506 exemple 359 With the exception of meridians and the equator, they are curves concave to the equator.

Question 191-19 : On a lambert conformal conic chart, the distance between parallels of latitude spaced the same number of degrees apart ?

Is smaller between the standard parallels than outside them.

.the lambert conformal is what most of today's aeronautical charts are based on.. 1776.the parallel of origin is midway between the two standard parallels, where the scale will be smallest. exemple 363 Is smaller between the standard parallels than outside them.

Question 191-20 : Which one of the following statements is correct concerning the appearance of great circles, with the exception of meridians, on a polar stereographic chart whose tangency is at the pole ?

The higher the latitude the closer they approximate to a straight line.

. 2508 exemple 367 The higher the latitude the closer they approximate to a straight line.

Question 191-21 : Which one of the following describes the appearance of rhumb lines, except meridians, on a polar stereographic chart ?

Curves concave to the pole.

. 1777. 2506 exemple 371 Curves concave to the pole.

Question 191-22 : What is the value of the convergence factor on a polar stereographic chart ?

1.

.on a polar stereographic chart.convergency = change of longitude. exemple 375 1.

Question 191-23 : A course of 120° t is drawn between 'x' 61°30'n and 'y' 58°30'n on a lambert conformal conic chart with a scale of 1 1 000 000 at 60°n..the chart distance between 'x' and 'y' is ?

66.7 cm.

. 1758.distance change in latitude = 3° x 60nm = 180 nm.distance between 'x' and 'y' = 180 / sin 30°= 360 nm..360 nm x 185200 / 1000000 = 66.67 cm. exemple 379 66.7 cm.

Question 191-24 : Given.direct mercator chart with a scale of 1 200 000 at equator.chart length from 'a' to 'b', in the vicinity of the equator, 11 cm..what is the approximate distance from 'a' to 'b' ?

12 nm.

.scale = 1 cm 200 000 cm..distance on chart = 11 cm.distance on earth = 11 cm x 200 000 = 2 200 000 cm 22 km...22 / 1.852 = 11.88 nm. exemple 383 12 nm.

Question 191-25 : What is the radial and dme distance from crk vor/dme n5150.4 w00829.7 to position n5220 w00810.. err a 061 402 ?

030° 33 nm.

. /com en/com061 402.jpg.. exemple 387 030° - 33 nm.

Question 191-26 : What is the radial and dme distance from crk vor/dme n5150.4 w00829.7 to position n5230 w00750.. err a 061 404 ?

039° 48 nm

. /com en/com061 404.jpg..use the vertical scale to find the distance. magnetic north is indicated over vors and ndbs. exemple 391 039° - 48 nm

Question 191-27 : What is the radial and dme distance from sha vor/dme n5243.3 w00853.1 to position n5300 w00940.. err a 061 406 ?

309° 33 nm

. /com en/com061 406.jpg.use the magnetic north tick from sha vor, center your protractor, you read a 309° radial..use the scale to find the distance 33 nm. exemple 395 309° - 33 nm

Question 191-28 : What is the radial and dme distance from sha vor/dme n5243.3 w00853.1 to position n5220 w00810.. err a 061 408 ?

139° 35 nm.

.plot position n5220 w00810 and draw a line from sha vor/dme..center your protractor, you read 139°.. /com en/com061 408.jpg..use the scale to find 35 nm. exemple 399 139° - 35 nm.

Question 191-29 : What is the radial and dme distance from con vor/dme n5354.8 w00849.1 to position n5430 w00900.. err a 061 410 ?

358° 36 nm

.. /com en/com061 410.jpg.magnetic north is indicated over vors and ndbs. center your protractor over con vor, you read a radial of 358°. use the vertical scale to find the distance, you read 36 nm. exemple 403 358° - 36 nm

Question 191-30 : What is the radial and dme distance from con vor/dme n5354.8 w00849.1 to position n5340 w00820.. err a 061 412 ?

140° 23 nm

. /com en/com061 412.jpg..use the vertical scale to find the distance. magnetic north is indicated over vors and ndbs. exemple 407 140° - 23 nm

Question 191-31 : What is the average track °m and distance between crn ndb n5318.1 w00856.5 and bel vor n5439.7 w00613.8 .. err a 061 414 ?

058° 128 nm.

. /com en/com061 414.jpg.without your protractor, you can see that average track between crn and bel is less than 070°... therefore, without any doubt, 058° is the only possible answer. exemple 411 058° - 128 nm.

Question 191-32 : What is the average track °t and distance between slg ndb n5416.7 w00836.0 and cfn ndb n5502.6 w00820.4 .. err a 061 416 ?

011° 47 nm

.report the true north tick, center your protractor, you read an average true track of 011°.. /com en/com061 416.jpg.use the scale to find the distance 47 nm. exemple 415 011° - 47 nm

Question 191-33 : What is the average track °t and distance between wtd ndb n5211.3 w00705.0 and slg ndb n5416.7 w00836.0 .. err a 061 418 ?

336° 137 nm

.report the true north tick, center your protractor, you read an average true track of 336°.. /com en/com061 418.jpg.use the scale to find the distance 137 nm. exemple 419 336° - 137 nm

Question 191-34 : What is the average track °t and distance between bal vor n5318.0 w00626.9 and crn ndb n5318.1 w00856.5 .. err a 061 420 ?

270° 90 nm

. /com en/com061 420.jpg.use true north indicator to find the track, and the vertical scale to find the distance. exemple 423 270° - 90 nm

Question 191-35 : What is the average track °t and distance between crn ndb n5318.1 w00856.5 and ekn ndb n5423.6 w00738.7 .. err a 061 422 ?

035° 80 nm

.report the true north tick, center your protractor, you read an average true track of 035°.. /com en/com061 422.jpg.use the scale to find the distance 80 nm. exemple 427 035° - 80 nm

Question 191-36 : Given.sha vor n5243.3 w00853.1 radial 223°, crk vor n5150.4 w00829.7 radial 322°..what is the aircraft position.. err a 061 423 ?

N5220 w00920

. /com en/com061 423.jpg.. exemple 431 N5220 w00920

Question 191-37 : Given.sha vor n5243.3 w00853.1 radial 120°, crk vor n5150.4 w00829.7 radial 033°. what is the aircraft position.. err a 061 425 ?

N5230 w00800

Martapeche.la solucion a esta cuestion es 5220n 810w....use the magnetic north tick from vor's magnetic north is indicated over vors and ndbs to find the aircraft position.. /com en/com061 425.jpg.you read n52°30', w008°. exemple 435 N5230 w00800

Question 191-38 : Given.sha vor n5243.3 w00853.1 radial 143°, crk vor n5150.4 w00829.7 radial 050°. what is the aircraft position.. err a 061 427 ?

N5210 w00800

. /com en/com061 427.jpg..magnetic north is indicated over vors and ndbs. exemple 439 N5210 w00800

Question 191-39 : Given.sha vor/dme n5243.3 w00853.1 radial 165°/36 nm. what is the aircraft position.. err a 061 429 ?

N5210 w00830

exemple 443 N5210 w00830

Question 191-40 : Given.sha vor/dme n5243.3 w00853.1 radial 025°/49 nm. what is the aircraft position.. err a 061 431 ?

N5330 w00830

. /com en/com061 431.jpg..use the vertical scale to find the distance. magnetic north is indicated over vors and ndbs. exemple 447 N5330 w00830


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