The frequency of an ssr ground transmission is ? [ Answer reports ]

Question 197-1 : 1030 +/ 0 2 mhz 1050 +/ 0 5 mhz 1090 +/ 0 3 mhz 1120 +/ 0 6 mhz

exemple 297 1030 +/- 0.2 mhz. — 1030 +/- 0.2 mhz.

The doppler navigation system is based on ?

Question 197-2 : Radar principles using frequency shift phase comparison from ground station transmissions doppler vor dvor navigation system radio waves refraction in the ionosphere

exemple 301 Radar principles using frequency shift. — Admin .doppler principle .the relative motion between transmitter and receiver causes a proportional frequency shift fd which is known as doppler shift doppler effect or doppler frequency .transmitter and receiver are screened from each other but use the same aerial beams are transmitted with a depression angle of 60 and 70 degrees and the receiver measures the reflected frequency shift caused by aircraft's speed along track ground speed speed across track and drift .as the transmitter and receiver get closer a positive shift occurs in fd and as they move far apart a negative shift occurs in fd Radar principles using frequency shift.

In which mode of operation does the aircraft weather radar use a cosecant ?

Question 197-3 : Mapping contour weather manual

exemple 305 Mapping. — Admin . boeing 737ng navigation displays in map mode . 2613 Mapping.

The main factor which determines the minimum range that can be measured by a ?

Question 197-4 : Length amplitude repetition rate frequency

exemple 309 Length. — Admin .pulse length defines the minimum theoretical range of a radar Length.

Complete the following statement .aircraft surface movement radar operates on ?

Question 197-5 : I shf ii 60 iii sometimes i ehf ii 30 iii never i shf ii 10 iii always i ehf ii 100 iii never

exemple 313 (i) shf (ii) 60 (iii) sometimes. — (i) shf (ii) 60 (iii) sometimes.

The maximum pulse repetition frequency prf that can be used by a primary radar ?

Question 197-6 : 1620 pps 3240 pps 610 pps 713 pps

exemple 317 1620 pps. — Admin .range = c / 2f.f pps = c velocity of light / 2 x range.range= 50 nm.f = 162000 nm/s / 2 x 50.f = 1620 pulses per second 1620 pps.

Ignoring pulse length and fly back a radar facility designed to have a maximum ?

Question 197-7 : 3000 6000 167 330

exemple 321 3000. — Admin .maximum range = velocity of light x 1/ prf.50 km = 300000 x 1/prf.prf = 300000 / 50 = 6000.but we have to ignore pulse length and fly back so 6000/2 3000.

Which combination of characteristics gives best screen picture in a primary ?

Question 197-8 : Short pulse length and narrow beam long pulse length and wide beam long pulse length and narrow beam short pulse length and wide beam

exemple 325 Short pulse length and narrow beam. — Short pulse length and narrow beam.

The minimum range of a primary radar using the pulse technique is determined by ?

Question 197-9 : I pulse length ii pulse recurrence frequency i transmission frequency ii transmitter power output i pulse length ii length of the timebase i transmission frequency ii pulse recurrence frequency

exemple 329 (i) pulse length (ii) pulse recurrence frequency. — (i) pulse length (ii) pulse recurrence frequency.

The maximum range of primary radar depends on ?

Question 197-10 : Pulse recurrence frequency wave length frequency pulse length

exemple 333 Pulse recurrence frequency. — Admin .primary radar provides bearing and distance of targets .primary ground radar is used to detect aircraft that are not equipped with a secondary radar transponder .the maximum theoretical unambiguous range if the prf is given using the formula .range in km = 300000/ prf x 2 . prf pulse repetition frequency .take care pulse length defines the minimum theoretical range of a radar Pulse recurrence frequency.

A frequency of airborne weather radar is ?

Question 197-11 : 9375 mhz 9375 ghz 9375 khz 93 75 mhz

exemple 337 9375 mhz. — Admin .the wavelength is approximately 3 cm and frequency of most airborne weather radar awr is approximately 9 ghz 9375 mhz.

Under easa cs 25 colour code rules for electronic flight instrument systems ?

Question 197-12 : Green amber/yellow red magenta green red magenta black black amber/yellow magenta red amber/yellow magenta black

exemple 341 Green, amber/yellow, red, magenta. — Admin . 2616 Green, amber/yellow, red, magenta.

For any given circumstances in order to double the effective range of a primary ?

Question 197-13 : 16 2 4 8

exemple 345 16. — Admin .to increase the range of a radio transmission the power is increased by a square factor to double its range the power is increased by a 4 factor x2² .but for a primary radar signal must return to the ground station in order for the radar to work .power output must be increased by a factor of 2²x 2² = 16 16.

A weather radar set to the 100 nm scale shows a squall at 50 nm by changing the ?

Question 197-14 : Increase in area and move to the top of the screen increase in area and appear nearer to the bottom of the screen decrease in area but not change in position on the screen decrease in area and move to the top of the screen

exemple 349 Increase in area and move to the top of the screen. — Admin . 2617.by changing the scale to 50 nm the squall line increases in area and moves to the top of the screen Increase in area and move to the top of the screen.

The code transmitted by a ssr transponder consists of ?

Question 197-15 : Pulses phase differences frequency differences amplitude differences

In which frequency band do most airborne weather radars operate ?

Question 197-16 : Shf uhf ehf vhf

exemple 357 Shf. — Admin .vor operating frequencies vhf.localiser vhf.marker beacon vhf.dme operating frequencies uhf.glide slope uhf.gnss/gps uhf.l1 and l2 frequencies used by navstar/gps uhf.ils localiser and glide slope vhf and uhf bands .microwave landing system mls shf.airborne weather radars shf.locator lf/mf Shf.

The maximum range of an en route radar is approximately ?

Question 197-17 : 200 300 nm 100 200 nm 50 100 nm 300 400 nm

exemple 361 200-300 nm. — Admin .an aircraft at flight level 410 41000 ft can be seen by a long range radar located at mean sea level at .1 23*sqrt41000 = 250 nm. sqrt square root 200-300 nm.

In airborne weather radar awr the main factors which determine whether a cloud ?

Question 197-18 : Size of the water drops wavelength/frequency used range from cloud wavelength/frequency used size of the water drops diameter of radar scanner rotational speed of radar scanner range from cloud

exemple 365 Size of the water drops; wavelength/frequency used. — Admin . 2618 Size of the water drops; wavelength/frequency used.

In order to ascertain whether a cloud return on an aircraft weather radar awr ?

Question 197-19 : 2 5° up 5° up 0° 2 5° down

exemple 369 2.5° up. — Admin .an aircraft weather radar awr is typically located in the nosecone of the aircraft behind a radome that is composed of non reflective material .incorporated in the cockpit equipment is a tilt feature either automatic or manual which enables the crew to raise or lower the sweep above and below the longitudinal axis of the aircraft .when assessing the intensity of a thunderstorm the tilt should be adjusted to the middle and lower portions of the system where the density of precipitation provides the most accurate indications of size and intensity . 2619 2.5° up.

In relation to radar systems that use pulse technology the term 'pulse ?

Question 197-20 : Number of pulses per second delay after which the process re starts the number of cycles per second ratio of pulse period to pulse width

exemple 373 Number of pulses per second. — Number of pulses per second.

What is the maximum number of usable secondary surveillance radar ssr ?

Question 197-21 : 4096 3600 1000 760

exemple 377 4096. — Admin .squawk codes are four digit octal numbers the dials on a transponder read from 0 to 7 inclusive .thus the lowest possible squawk is 0000 and the highest is 7777 four octal digits can represent up to 4096 different codes 4096.

Which of the following equipments uses primary radar principles ?

Question 197-22 : Airborne weather radar awr secondary surveillance radar ssr distance measuring equipment dme global positioning system gps

exemple 381 Airborne weather radar (awr). — Admin .radar is a distance measuring system using the principle of radio echoing the term radar is an acronym for radio detecting and ranging it is a method for locating targets by using radio waves the transmitter generates microwave energy in the form of pulses these pulses are then transferred to the antenna where they are focused into a beam by the antenna the radar beam is much like the beam of a flashlight the energy is focused and radiated by the antenna in such a way that it is most intense in the center of the beam with decreasing intensity near the edge the same antenna is used for both transmitting and receiving when a pulse intercepts a target the energy is reflected as an echo or return signal back to the antenna from the antenna the returned signal is transferred to the receiver and processing circuits located in the receiver transmitter unit the echoes or returned signals are displayed on an indicator .this is the same principle uses for an airborne weather radar Airborne weather radar (awr).

Which of the following equipments works on the interrogator/transponder ?

Question 197-23 : Secondary surveillance radar ssr global positioning system gps airborne weather radar awr aerodrome surface movement radar

exemple 385 Secondary surveillance radar (ssr). — Secondary surveillance radar (ssr).

In order to indicate an emergency situation the aircraft secondary surveillance ?

Question 197-24 : 7700 7600 7500 7000

exemple 389 7700. — Admin .7600 radio communication failure .7500 unlawful interference with the planned operation of the flight .7700 emergency situation 7700.

The theoretical maximum range for an airborne weather radar is determined by the ?

Question 197-25 : Pulse recurrence frequency beamwidth pulse length carrier wave frequency

exemple 393 Pulse recurrence frequency. — Pulse recurrence frequency.

The selection of code 7500 on an aircraft ssr transponder indicates ?

Question 197-26 : Unlawful interference with the planned operation of the flight an emergency transponder malfunction radio communication failure

exemple 397 Unlawful interference with the planned operation of the flight. — Admin .7500 unlawful interference with the planned operation of the flight .7600 radio communication failure .7700 emergency situation Unlawful interference with the planned operation of the flight.

The selection of code 7700 on an aircraft ssr transponder indicates ?

Question 197-27 : An emergency radio communication failure transponder malfunction unlawful interference with the planned operation of the flight

exemple 401 An emergency. — Admin .7700 emergency situation .7600 radio communication failure .7500 unlawful interference with the planned operation of the flight An emergency.

In a primary radar using pulse technique pulse length determines ?

Question 197-28 : Minimum measurable range target discrimination maximum measurable range beam width

exemple 405 Minimum measurable range. — Admin .pulse length defines the minimum theoretical range of a radar .pulse repetition frequency prf gives the maximum theoretical unambiguous range of the radar .range in km = 300000/ prf x2 .if you search for the prf .prf = 300000 / range in km x 2 Minimum measurable range.

In a primary radar using pulse technique pulse recurrence frequency determines ?

Question 197-29 : Maximum theoretical range target discrimination minimum range beam width

exemple 409 Maximum theoretical range. — Admin .pulse length defines the minimum theoretical range of a radar .pulse repetition frequency prf gives the maximum theoretical unambiguous range of the radar . maximum theoretical range = velocity of light / 2 x pulse repetition frequency Maximum theoretical range.

Which of the following radar equipments operate by means of the pulse technique ?

Question 197-30 : 1 2 3 and 4 1 2 and 4 2 3 and 4 2 and 4

exemple 413 1, 2, 3 and 4. — Admin .pulse technique .radar involves the transmission of pulses of electromagnetic waves by means of a directional antenna some of the pulses are reflected by objects that intercept them the reflections are picked up by a receiver processed electronically and converted into visible form by means of a cathode ray tube the range of the object is determined by measuring the time it takes for the radar signal to reach the object and return the object's location with respect to the radar unit is determined from the direction in which the pulse was received in most radar units the beam of pulses is continuously rotated at a constant speed or it is scanned swung back and forth over a sector also at a constant rate the velocity of the object is measured by applying the doppler principle if the object is approaching the radar unit the frequency of the returned signal is greater than the frequency of the transmitted signal if the object is receding from the radar unit the returned frequency is less and if the object is not moving relative to the radar unit the return signal will have the same frequency as the transmitted signal .aerodrome surface movement radar airborne weather radar secondary surveillance radar ssr and aerodrome surveillance approach radar operate by means of the pulse technique 1, 2, 3 and 4.

On which of the following radar displays is it possible to get an indication of ?

Question 197-31 : Aerodrome surface movement radar asmr secondary surveillance radar ssr aerodrome surveillance approach radar airborne weather radar awr

exemple 417 Aerodrome surface movement radar (asmr). — .surface movement radar smr systems are used by air traffic controllers to detect and guide aircraft and vehicles i e baggage carriers buses supply trucks staff cars etc on the ground surface of the airport and thus secure safety it is the most widely used surveillance system for airport surveillance at present .it is sometimes possible to identify aircraft types from the return Aerodrome surface movement radar (asmr).

Which of the following lists the phenomena least likely to be detected by radar ?

Question 197-32 : Clear air turbulence precipitation turbulence in cloud that has precipitation wet snow and turbulence in cloud that has precipitation

exemple 421 Clear air turbulence. — .the weather radar only detects precipitation droplets .how much it detects depends upon the size composition and number of droplets water particles are five times more reflective than ice particles of the same size .the radar does detect . rainfall. wet hail and wet turbulence. ice crystals dry hail and dry snow however these three elements give small reflections .the radar does not detect . clouds fog or wind droplets are too small or no precipitation at all . clear air turbulence no precipitation Clear air turbulence.

Which one of the following is an advantage of a secondary radar system when ?

Question 197-33 : The required power of transmission from the ground equipment is reduced the relatively small ground antenna transmits no side lobes thus eliminating the danger of false replies from the airborne transponder possibility of obtaining speed information for aircraft within range is not limited to line of sight

exemple 425 The required power of transmission from the ground equipment is reduced. — Admin .secondary surveillance radar emits an interrogation pulse rather than a beam of energy you get back a response from the transponder rather than reflected energy .calculating the time to response and return plus where the aerial was pointing during the process gives you the return on the display .thus the required power of transmission from the ground equipment is reduced The required power of transmission from the ground equipment is reduced.

What information may be displayed on an atc radar screen connected only to a ?

Question 197-34 : Aircraft position only aircraft position and ssr code aircraft position ssr code and altitude aircraft altitude

In an airborne weather radar the areas of greatest turbulence are usually ?

Question 197-35 : Colour zones of red and magenta blank areas where there is no colour colour zones of green and yellow areas which are coloured black

exemple 433 Colour zones of red and magenta. — Img2616 Colour zones of red and magenta.

Airborne weather radars are generally based on the use of ?

Question 197-36 : Primary radar in the shf band primary radar in the uhf band secondary radar in the shf band secondary radar in the vhf band

exemple 437 Primary radar in the shf band. — Primary radar in the shf band.

Mode a or c garbling may occur to ?

Question 197-37 : Two or more aircraft in the same direction from the interrogator with a difference in slant range of less than 1 7 nm two or more aircraft in the same direction from the ground station at the same altitude with a difference in slant range of more than 1 7 nm two or more aircraft different directions from the ground station at the same altitude with a difference in slant range of more than 1 7 nm two or more aircraft different directions from the interrogator at the same altitude with a difference in slant range of less than 1 7 nm

Admin .disadvantages of ssr mode a/c . code garbling of aircraft less than 1 7 nm apart measured in the vertical plane perpendicular to and from the antenna . 'fruiting' which results from reception of replies caused by interrogations from other radar stations

In a primary pulse radar you have ?

Question 197-38 : A directional aerial for both transmission and reception a directional aerial for transmission and an omni directional aerial for reception a directional aerial for transmission and another one for reception an omni directional aerial for transmission and directional aerial for reception

A tcas ii equipped a/c will have mode s because ?

Question 197-39 : The datalink is required to co ordinate evasive manoeuvres the data link is required to transmit relative position mode s transmits a 3d position true altitude is obtained from mode s

exemple 449 The datalink is required to co-ordinate evasive manoeuvres. — Mode s selective is designed to allow automatic collision avoidance .sense of ras coordinated between tcas equipped aircraft resolution advisories so tcas ii traffic alert and collision avoidance system automatically implies mode s transponder .the ra intensity is checked and revised if necessary every second ..more information can be found by using the link below The datalink is required to co-ordinate evasive manoeuvres.

How does a mode s interrogator identify aircraft ?

Question 197-40 : A 24 bit identifier giving over 16 million combinations the p3 pulse an eight bit identifier which gives 212 unique combinations the four letter selcal code

exemple 453 A 24 bit identifier, giving over 16 million combinations. — Admin .the provision of air traffic services ats using ssr mode s initially in a central area of european airspace will rely on a unique icao 24 bit aircraft address for selective interrogation of individual aircraft the 24 bit aircraft address is also an essential element of the airborne collision avoidance system acas ii in addition mode s surveillance requires the reporting of aircraft identification as stated in circular aic a 01/04 concerning mode s airborne equipment requirements.the aircraft address shall be one of 16 777 214 twenty four bit aircraft addresses allocated by icao to the state of registry or common mark registering authority and assigned as prescribed in the appendix to chapter 9 part i volume iii icao annex 10 .all mode s equipped aircraft engaged in international civil aviation are required to have an aircraft identification feature as prescribed in icao annex 10 volume iv chapter 2 2 1 5 2 A 24 bit identifier, giving over 16 million combinations.

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