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Which statement with respect to interrogation modes is correct ? [ Answer reports ]

Question 198-1 : Mode s broadcast will transmit information to all mode s transponders mode s only all call will trigger transponder replies of all mode a/c/s transponders mode s selective will trigger replies of all mode s transponders mode a/c transponders are suppressed intermode a/c/s all call and intermode a/c only all call differ in the pulse spacing used between the p1 and p3 pulse

Admin .mode s is a secondary surveillance radar technique that permits selective interrogation of aircraft by means of a unique 24 bit aircraft address thus avoiding the risk of confusion or mis identification due to overlapping signals mode s has been standardised by icao for many years it employs ground based interrogators and airborne transponders and operates in the same radio frequencies 1030/1090 mhz as conventional ssr systems with which it is backwards compatible .mode s ground interrogators transmit a mode s all call at a steady rate similar to a conventional ssr . any mode s transponder that is not 'locked out' will reply to the interrogation transmitting its 24 bit aircraft address registration and its aircraft identification call sign exemple 298 Mode s broadcast will transmit information to all mode s transponders.Mode s broadcast will transmit information to all mode s transponders.

To improve the detection of precipitation area s in e g thunderstorms in which ?

Question 198-2 : The tilt setting should be lower when the aircraft climbs to a higher altitude the tilt setting should be higher when the aircraft climbs to a higher altitude the tilt setting should be higher when the selected range decreases the tilt setting should be lower when the selected range increases

Admin . 2620.if the top of the cloud lies at or slightly above the level of flight and you decide to climb it will be better to tilt down your weather radar to maintain a good awareness of the situation .if not you will not be able to see precipitations the risk is to see clear sky above the clouds and thus you will not be able to avoid large area of turbulences exemple 302 The tilt setting should be lower when the aircraft climbs to a higher altitude.The tilt setting should be lower when the aircraft climbs to a higher altitude.

Garbling is caused by ?

Question 198-3 : Aeroplanes in close proximity responding to the same interrogation aeroplanes at range responding to interrogations from another atc ssr doppler effect on targets moving radially towards or away from the ssr an aeroplanes transponder responding to side lobes or reflections of the interrogation signal

exemple 306 Aeroplanes in close proximity responding to the same interrogation.Aeroplanes in close proximity responding to the same interrogation.

Airborne weather radar has been primarily developed to detect ?

Question 198-4 : The kinds of precipitation which are usually accompanied by turbulence areas of severe clear air turbulence all kinds of frozen precipitation such as hail snow and graupel areas of wind sheer and severe aircraft icing

exemple 310 The kinds of precipitation which are usually accompanied by turbulence.The kinds of precipitation which are usually accompanied by turbulence.

When an operator increases the range on a radar display in general ?

Question 198-5 : The prf becomes lower and the pulse length larger both the prf and the pulse length increase the prf becomes higher and the pulse length smaller both the prf and the pulse length decrease

When an operator increases the range on a radar display larger pulses have smaller resolution and the prf pulse repetition frequency therefore needs to be slower to detect more distant pulses . onofrio .think about formulas .max unambigious range c/2xprf so prf has to decrease to increase the range .and.minimum range pl/2 so pl has to increase to increase the range exemple 314 The prf becomes lower and the pulse length larger.The prf becomes lower and the pulse length larger.

The heaviest turbulence is likely to be encountered ?

Question 198-6 : Where the area of heaviest precipitation is closest to the edge of the thunderstorm cell in the area of heaviest precipitation about halfway between two thunderstorm cells in the very core of a thunderstorm cell

exemple 318 Where the area of heaviest precipitation is closest to the edge of the thunderstorm cell.Where the area of heaviest precipitation is closest to the edge of the thunderstorm cell.

When using airborne weather radar in the mapping mode in polar areas one runs ?

Question 198-7 : Of mistaking the edge of coastal ice off shore for the real coastline of getting a distorted picture because of ice reflection of aurora borealis polar light causing false returns of underestimating distances because the cold seawater is causing super refraction

exemple 322 Of mistaking the edge of coastal ice off shore for the real coastline.Of mistaking the edge of coastal ice off shore for the real coastline.

The three main components of vor airborne equipment are ?

Question 198-8 : Receiver antenna display receiver phase comparator range gate demodulator antenna cdu display pulse generator phase comparator

exemple 326 Receiver, antenna, display.Receiver, antenna, display.

The pictures at reference are showing an aircraft's position with respect to ?

Question 198-9 : Increase the range setting of his radar switch over from normal to wx mode initiate a steep climb select the cosecant square beam for better alley detection

Increase the range setting of his radar will permit to the pilot to see whether there is continued clear weather further exemple 330 Increase the range setting of his radar.Increase the range setting of his radar.

The 'gain' control knob of an awr airborne weather radar adjusts ?

Question 198-10 : The receiver sensitivity in order to achieve optimum target acquisition the brightness of the display the automatic gain control of the awr is activated the power level of the transmitted energy is made dependent on the selected range

exemple 334 The receiver sensitivity in order to achieve optimum target acquisition.The receiver sensitivity in order to achieve optimum target acquisition.

Which statement is correct with respect to selections on the transponder ?

Question 198-11 : With alt selected a reply in the modes a c and s can be transmitted the correct icao 24 bits aircraft address code must be inserted on the control panel with on selected a reply in the modes a c and s can be transmitted with the selector knobs the four digits of the squawk can be selected using the decimal symbols 0 through 9

Admin .turn your transponder to the alt position it enables it to respond to mode a mode c and mode s interrogations even if you don't have an altitude encoder installed you should operate your transponder in the alt mode the reason for this is that the ground station is still looking for 'framing pulses' from your transponder even if there's no altitude information accompanying them exemple 338 With alt selected a reply in the modes a, c and s can be transmitted.With alt selected a reply in the modes a, c and s can be transmitted.

Echoes that do not change in distance from the antenna relative speed zero of a ?

Question 198-12 : The moving target indicator mti eliminates such echoes the radar is not able to display two echoes moving in the same direction the mti does not recognise this as a moving object due to the blind speed the frequency of the transmitted radar signals changes too much by the doppler effect

Moving target indicator .mti makes use of doppler to eliminate returns from fixed objects such as hills or buildings the radar will only display returns that show a doppler shift i e moving targets but a target maintaining a constant range would not show up exemple 342 The moving target indicator (mti) eliminates such echoes.The moving target indicator (mti) eliminates such echoes.

Mode s.the allocation of 24 bit aircraft addresses is described in the icao ?

Question 198-13 : Every aircraft will have been allocated with an icao aircraft address which is hard coded into the airframe military aircraft will have been allocated with an icao aircraft address which is hard coded into the transponder civil aircraft will have been allocated with an icao aircraft address which is hard coded into the airframe every aircraft will have been allocated with a nato aircraft address which is hard coded into the airframe

Admin .icao annex 10 volume 3 communications systems .chapter 5 ssr mode s air ground data link.aircraft address a unique combination of 24 bits available for assignment to an aircraft for the purpose of air ground communications navigation and surveillance .chapter 9 aircraft addressing system.9 1 the aircraft address shall be one of 16 777 214 twenty four bit aircraft addresses allocated by icao to the state of registry or common mark registering authority and assigned as prescribed in the appendix to this chapter .appendix to chapter 9 a worldwide scheme for the allocation assignment and application of aircraft addresses.1 general.1 1 global communications navigation and surveillance systems shall use an individual aircraft address composed of 24 bits at any one time no address shall be assigned to more than one aircraft the assignment of aircraft addresses requires a comprehensive scheme providing for a balanced and expandable distribution of aircraft addresses applicable worldwide exemple 346 Every aircraft will have been allocated with an icao aircraft address which is hard coded into the airframe.Every aircraft will have been allocated with an icao aircraft address which is hard coded into the airframe.

Mode s.how does a ground interrogation signal mode a and c is transmitted to a ?

Question 198-14 : In the form of pairs of interrogative pulses with an additional control pulse in the form of pairs of pulses by using the long p4 pulse in the form of a series of pulses and a special position identification spi pulse

exemple 350 In the form of pairs of interrogative pulses with an additional control pulse.In the form of pairs of interrogative pulses with an additional control pulse.

The magnetic heading of an aircraft is 040° on the airborne weather radar ?

Question 198-15 : 49°25'n 007°30'w 48°50'n 006°22'w 49°35'n 007°36'w 49°45'n 007°42'w

Relative bearing = 040° + 030° = 070°.applied the variation 6°west on the chart so 070° 6° = 064°.064° + 180 ° = aircraft is on a bearing of 244° true from the station .now plot a position line 80 nm from the position 50°03'n 005°40'w .you are at position 49°25'n 007°30'w . 1695 exemple 354 (49°25'n , 007°30'w)(49°25'n , 007°30'w)

The airborne weather radar ?

Question 198-16 : May receive no reflections from a thunderstorm in an area behind a heavy rain shower has a second transmitter working on a lower frequency in order to penetrate rain shower has the possibility to detect clear air turbulence deviates downward whatever the attitude of the aircraft is

Admin .the danger of the area behind heavy rain shadow area exists because no radar waves can penetrate deeply enough inside exemple 358 May receive no reflections from a thunderstorm in an area behind a heavy rain shower.May receive no reflections from a thunderstorm in an area behind a heavy rain shower.

The spacing between the two pulses transmitted by an ssr interrogator determines ?

Question 198-17 : What mode is used the identification of the ssr what service may be provided by the ssr the atc code to be set in the aircraft

exemple 362 What mode is used.What mode is used.

When the atc transponder 'ident' button is pressed by the pilot ?

Question 198-18 : The airplane's symbol on the controller's display will flash or 'fill in' the airplane's identification will be sent to all ssrs within range mode a will automatically be selected the controller will be urged to identify the airplane

exemple 366 The airplane's symbol on the controller's display will flash or 'fill in'.The airplane's symbol on the controller's display will flash or 'fill in'.

On a typical computer generated ssr display the following data on a particular ?

Question 198-19 : Squawk code flight level ground speed airplane callsign squawk code flight level true heading airplane callsign squawk code magnetic heading ground speed airplane callsign destination flight level ground speed airplane callsign

exemple 370 Squawk code, flight level, ground speed, airplane callsign.Squawk code, flight level, ground speed, airplane callsign.

In the ssr response the operation of the transponder 'ident' button ?

Question 198-20 : Sends a special pulse after the normal response pulse train transmits the aeroplanes registration or flight number as a data coded sequence sends a special pulse in the x position on the pulse train sends a special pulse before the normal response pulse train

exemple 374 Sends a special pulse after the normal response pulse train.Sends a special pulse after the normal response pulse train.

Which one of the following switch positions should be used when selecting a ?

Question 198-21 : Stby standby off normal ident identification

exemple 378 Stby (standby).Stby (standby).

In the ssr terminology 'de fruiting' means ?

Question 198-22 : The removal from the display of random responses removing all different colors from the display making it a mono color display displaying only airplanes with a selected destination displaying only airplanes changing their altitude

exemple 382 The removal from the display of random responses.The removal from the display of random responses.

The selection of code 2000 on an aircraft ssr transponder indicates ?

Question 198-23 : Entry into airspace from an area where ssr operation has not been required an emergency unlawful interference with the planned operation of the flight transponder malfunction

exemple 386 Entry into airspace from an area where ssr operation has not been required.Entry into airspace from an area where ssr operation has not been required.

With ssr interrogation and response signals ?

Question 198-24 : Are standard frequencies separated by 60 mhz are separated by 63 mhz must be set by the pilot but are always 60 mhz apart are at variable frequencies set by the controller but are always 63 mhz apart

Admin .ssr is fixed on 1030 mhz and 1090 mhz exemple 390 Are standard frequencies separated by 60 mhz.Are standard frequencies separated by 60 mhz.

Using ssr the normal transmission from the atc transponder in the aircraft ?

Question 198-25 : The two pulses received plus an additional number of pulses between them the two pulses received plus the aircraft identification the aircraft identification plus pulses giving the altitude pulses giving the altitude plus any ident pulse

exemple 394 The two pulses received plus an additional number of pulses between them.The two pulses received plus an additional number of pulses between them.

With regard to ssr ?

Question 198-26 : The interrogator is on the ground and transponder is in the aircraft the interrogator is on the ground and transponder is on the ground the interrogator is on the aircraft and transponder is in the aircraft the interrogator is on the aircraft and transponder is on the ground

exemple 398 The interrogator is on the ground and transponder is in the aircraft.The interrogator is on the ground and transponder is in the aircraft.

When a mode c check is carried out and assuming the equipment is working ?

Question 198-27 : Fl351 fl350 3506 35064

.the altitude information sent with a transponder mode c is in hundreds of feet with an accuracy to + or 50 ft .35064 ft will be encoded as 351 35100 ft 35064 ft is round to the nearest hundred exemple 402 Fl351.Fl351.

In ssr the interrogations use different modes if altitude reporting is required ?

Question 198-28 : Mode c and a interrogations mode a interrogations only mode c interrogations only mode c and ident interrogations

exemple 406 Mode c and a interrogations.Mode c and a interrogations.

The atc transponder system excluding mode s contains ?

Question 198-29 : Two modes each 4096 of codes four modes each of 1024 codes four modes each of 4096 codes two modes each of 1024 codes

exemple 410 Two modes, each 4096 of codes.Two modes, each 4096 of codes.

A mode s transponder ?

Question 198-30 : Responds normally to mode a or c interrogations will not respond to mode a interrogations responds to mode a interrogations but not to mode c interrogations will not respond to mode a or c interrogations as it operates on a different frequency

exemple 414 Responds normally to mode a or c interrogations.Responds normally to mode a or c interrogations.

'fruiting' is caused by ?

Question 198-31 : Aeroplane at range responding to interrogations from another atc radar station aeroplane in close proximity responding to the same interrogation an aeroplane's transponder responding to side lobes or reflections of the interrogation signal doppler effect on targets moving radially towards or away from the atc radar station

exemple 418 Aeroplane at range responding to interrogations from another atc radar station.Aeroplane at range responding to interrogations from another atc radar station.

The carrier frequency of the ssr atc reply transmission air to ground is ?

Question 198-32 : 1090 mhz + or 3 mhz 1030 mhz + or 2 mhz 1020 mhz + or 4 mhz 1050 mhz + ou 2 mhz

Admin .icao annex 10 volume 4 chapter 3 .3 1 1 2 reply carrler frequency air to ground .3 1 1 2 1 the carrier frequency of the reply transmission shall be 1 090 mhz .3 1 1 2 2 the frequency tolerance shall be plus or minus 3 mhz exemple 422 1090 mhz + or - 3 mhz.1090 mhz + or - 3 mhz.

A mode s transponder receives among other pulses a long p4 pulse from an ?

Question 198-33 : The interrogator transmits a mode a/c/s all call the interrogator transmits a mode a/c only all call the interrogator transmits a mode s only all call the interrogator transmits a mode a only all call

Admin .short p4 pulse mode a/c only all call .long p4 pulse mode a/c/s all call exemple 426 The interrogator transmits a mode a/c/s all call.The interrogator transmits a mode a/c/s all call.

A mode a/c transponder receives a p2 pulse from which the amplitude is smaller ?

Question 198-34 : The transponder is located in the direction of the main lobe of the interrogator antenna the transponder is beyond the usable range of the ssr ground station the interrogation is only meant for mode s transponders the transponder is located in the direction of one of the side lobes of the interrogator antenna

Admin . 2621 exemple 430 The transponder is located in the direction of the main lobe of the interrogator antenna.The transponder is located in the direction of the main lobe of the interrogator antenna.

A mode a/c transponder receives a p2 pulse from which the amplitude is larger ?

Question 198-35 : The transponder is located in the direction of one of the side lobes of the interrogator antenna the transponder is located in the direction of the main lobe of the interrogator antenna the transponder is beyond the usable range of the ssr ground station the interrogation is only meant for mode s transponders

Admin . 2621 exemple 434 The transponder is located in the direction of one of the side lobes of the interrogator antenna.The transponder is located in the direction of one of the side lobes of the interrogator antenna.

What determines the operating mode a or c of the ssr transponder ?

Question 198-36 : The time interval between the pulses p1 and p3 the travel time of the pulses transmitted by the interrogator the position of the spi pulse the difference in amplitude of the pulses p1/p3 and p2

Admin . 2621. 1666 exemple 438 The time interval between the pulses p1 and p3.The time interval between the pulses p1 and p3.

What is one of the differences between a mode a/c/s all call and a mode a/c ?

Question 198-37 : The length of the pulse p4 the presence of mode a/c addresses the time interval between the pulses p1 and p3 the presence of mode s addresses

Admin .short p4 pulse mode a/c only all call .long p4 pulse mode a/c/s all call .the time interval between the pulses p1 and p3 determines the operating mode a or c of the ssr transponder exemple 442 The length of the pulse p4.The length of the pulse p4.

The time interval between the interrogating pulses p1 and p3 in mode c is ?

Question 198-38 : 21 us 8 us 1 6 us 0 8 us

Admin . 1666 exemple 446 21 us.21 us.

The time interval between the interrogating pulses p1 and p3 in mode a is ?

Question 198-39 : 8 us 21 us 1 6 us 0 8 us

Admin . 1666 exemple 450 8 us.8 us.

Ssr transponder .mode s provides ?

Question 198-40 : 25 possible reply forms 50 possible reply forms 100 possible reply forms 3 possible reply forms

exemple 454 25 possible reply forms.25 possible reply forms.


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