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Question 237-1 : For aeroplanes certified before the january 1999, cockpit voice recorder cvr , when required, must keep the conversations and sound alarms recorded during the last ? [ Formation assignment ]

30 minutes of operation.

.cat.ide.h.185..the following helicopter types shall be equipped with a cockpit voice recorder cvr.1 all helicopters with an mctom of more than 7 000 kg and .2 helicopters with an mctom of more than 3 175 kg and first issued with an individual cofa on or after 1 january 1987...before august 1999 30 minutes minimum.between august 1999 and january 1st 2016 1 hour..after january 1st 2016 2 hours. exemple 337 30 minutes of operation.

Question 237-2 : Since august 1999, all helicopters must be fitted with a flight data recorder fdr when their maximum certificated take off mass is greater than ?

3175 kg.

.at.ide.a.190 flight data recorder..the following helicopters shall be equipped with an fdr that uses a digital method of recording and storing data and for which a method of readily retrieving that data from the storage medium is available 965/2012.1 helicopters with an mctom of more than 3 175 kg and first issued with an individual cofa on or after 1 august 1999 .2 helicopters with an mctom of more than 7 000 kg, or an mopsc of more than nine, and first issued with an individual cofa on or after 1 january 1989 but before 1 august 1999. exemple 341 3175 kg.

Question 237-3 : An helicopter fitted with a bulkhead providing no direct communication between pilot and passengers, required to be equipped with a public address system when the maximum operational passenger seating configuration is greater than ?

9.

.cat.ide.h.180.a helicopters with an mopsc of more than nine shall be equipped with a public address system, with the exception of b...b notwithstanding a helicopters with an mopsc of more than nine and less than 20 are exempted from having a public address system, if . 1 the helicopter is designed without a bulkhead between pilot and passengers and . 2 the operator is able to demonstrate that when in flight, the pilot's voice is audible and intelligible at all passengers' seats. exemple 345 9.

Question 237-4 : An aeroplane is operated over water at a distance of 340 nm away from an aerodrome where an emergency landing could be performed..normal cruising speed is 180 kt. one engine out airspeed is 155 kt, and it is capable to join the diversion aerodrome. ?

Life jackets must be available for all occupants.

Cat.ide.h.300 exemple 349 Life jackets must be available for all occupants.

Question 237-5 : An helicopter whose maximum approved passenger seating configuration is 10 seats must be equipped with ?

One hand fire extinguisher in the cockpit and one in the passengers compartment.

.at least the following number of hand fire extinguishers must be conveniently located in the passenger compartment s + one in the cockpit. 2630 exemple 353 One hand fire-extinguisher in the cockpit and one in the passengers compartment.

Question 237-6 : An operator can operate an aeroplane certificated to cs25, across an area in which search and rescue would be especially difficult, without additional survival equipment if it flies away from an area suitable for making an emergency landing at a distance corresponding to no more than ?

90 minutes at cruising speed.

. cat.ide.a.305.an operator shall not operate an aeroplane across areas in which search and rescue would be especially difficult unless it is equipped with the following. a signalling equipment to make the pyrotechnical distress signals described in icao annex 2.. b at least one elt s capable of transmitting on the distress frequencies prescribed in icao annex 10, volume v, chapter 2 and.. c additional survival equipment for the route to be flown taking account of the number of persons on board, except that the equipment specified in sub paragraph c need not be carried when the aeroplane either.. 1 remains within a distance from an area where search and rescue is not especially difficult corresponding to.. i 120 minutes at the one engine inoperative cruising speed for aeroplanes capable of continuing the flight to an aerodrome with the critical power unit s becoming inoperative at any point along the route or planned diversions or.. ii 30 minutes at cruising speed for all other aeroplanes,.or,. 2 for aeroplanes certificated to cs 25 or equivalent, no greater distance than that corresponding to 90 minutes at cruising speed from an area suitable for making an emergency landing. exemple 357 90 minutes at cruising speed.

Question 237-7 : An operator shall not operate an aeroplane first issued with an individual certificate of airworthiness on or after 1 april 1998, which has a maximum certificated take off mass over 5700 kg, unless it is equipped with a cockpit voice recorder which records. 1 voice communications transmitted from ?

1, 2, 4, 5, 6.

Easa air ops.cat.ide.a.185. eu ops 1.710 cockpit voice recorders 3. a an operator shall not operate any aeroplane with a maximum certificated take off mass over 5 700 kg first issued with an individual certificate of airworthiness, before 1 april 1998 unless it is equipped with a cockpit voice recorder which records.. 1 voice communications transmitted from or received on the flight deck by radio.. 2 the aural environment of the flight deck.. 3 voice communications of flight crew members on the flight deck using the aeroplane's interphone system.. 4 voice or audio signals identifying navigation or approach aids introduced into a headset or speaker and.. 5 voice communications of flight crew members on the flight deck using the public address system, if installed... b the cockpit voice recorder shall be capable of retaining information recorded during at least the last 30 minutes of its operation... c the cockpit voice recorder must start to record prior to the aeroplane moving under its own power and continue to record until the termination of the flight when the aeroplane is no longer capable of moving under its own power... d the cockpit voice recorder must have a.device to assist in locating that recorder in water. exemple 361 1, 2, 4, 5, 6.

Question 237-8 : During a special vfr flight, the minimum visibility required is ?

800 meters or more.

.sera.5010 special vfr in control zones.definitions 'special vfr flight' means a vfr flight cleared by air traffic control to operate within a control zone in meteorological conditions below vmc...special vfr flights may be authorised to operate within a control zone, subject to an atc clearance. except when permitted by the competent authority for helicopters in special cases such as medical flights, search and rescue operations and fire fighting, the following additional conditions shall be applied. a by the pilot. 1 clear of cloud and with the surface in sight. 2 the flight visibility is not less than 1500 m or, for helicopters, not less than 800 m. 3 at speed of 140 kt ias or less to give adequate opportunity to observe other traffic and any obstacles in time to avoid a collision and.. b by atc. 1 during day only, unless otherwise permitted by the competent authority. 2 the ground visibility is not less than 1500 m or, for helicopters, not less than 800 m. 3 the ceiling is not less than 180 m 600 ft. exemple 365 800 meters or more.

Question 237-9 : When required, the number of life rafts to be carried on board an helicopter carrying more than 11 persons must allow the transportation of the entire occupants ?

In the case of a loss of one raft of the largest rated capacity.

.cat.ide.h.300.....in the case of a helicopter carrying more than 11 persons, at least two life rafts, stowed so as to facilitate their ready use in an emergency, sufficient together to accommodate all persons capable of being carried on board and, if one is lost, the remaining life raft s having, the overload capacity sufficient to accommodate all persons on the helicopter. exemple 369 In the case of a loss of one raft of the largest rated capacity.

Question 237-10 : To operate an helicopter at night, it must be equipped with an airborne weather radar when it is..1 pressurised.2 of a maximum take off mass more than 7000 kg.3 of a maximum passenger seating capacity greater than 9 seats.4 of a maximum passenger seating capacity greater than 11 seats..the ?

3.

.cat.ide.h.160.airborne weather detecting equipment.helicopters with an mopsc of more than nine and operated under ifr or at night shall be equipped with airborne weather detecting equipment when current weather reports indicate that thunderstorms or other potentially hazardous weather conditions, regarded as detectable with airborne weather detecting equipment, may be expected to exist along the route to be flown. exemple 373 3.

Question 237-11 : The cockpit voice recorder must start automatically to record the data ?

Prior to the helicopter being capable of moving under its own power until the helicopter is no longer capable of moving under its own power.

.cat.ide.h.185 cockpit voice recorder.the cvr shall start to record prior to the helicopter moving under its own power and shall continue to record until the termination of the flight when the helicopter is no longer capable of moving under its own power. exemple 377 Prior to the helicopter being capable of moving under its own power until the helicopter is no longer capable of moving under its own power.

Question 237-12 : The flight data recorder must start automatically to record the data ?

Prior to the aircraft being capable of moving under its own power.

.cat.ide.a.190 flight data recorder.the fdr shall start to record the data prior to the aeroplane being capable of moving under its own power and shall stop after the aeroplane is incapable of moving under its own power. exemple 381 Prior to the aircraft being capable of moving under its own power.

Question 237-13 : The flight data recorder must start automatically to record the data ?

Prior to the helicopter being capable of moving under its own power until the helicopter is no longer capable of moving under its own power.

.cat.ide.h.190 flight data recorder.the fdr shall automatically start to record the data prior to the helicopter being capable of moving under its own power and shall stop automatically after the helicopter is incapable of moving under its own power. exemple 385 Prior to the helicopter being capable of moving under its own power until the helicopter is no longer capable of moving under its own power.

Question 237-14 : The minimum visibility required to commence or to conduct a special vfr flight is ?

0,8 km.

.regulation eu 923/2012 air ops.sera.5010 special vfr in control zones.definitions 'special vfr flight' means a vfr flight cleared by air traffic control to operate within a control zone in meteorological conditions below vmc...special vfr flights may be authorised to operate within a control zone, subject to an atc clearance. except when permitted by the competent authority for helicopters in special cases such as medical flights, search and rescue operations and fire fighting, the following additional conditions shall be applied. a by the pilot. 1 clear of cloud and with the surface in sight. 2 the flight visibility is not less than 1500 m or, for helicopters, not less than 800 m. 3 at speed of 140 kt ias or less to give adequate opportunity to observe other traffic and any obstacles in time to avoid a collision and.. b by atc. 1 during day only, unless otherwise permitted by the competent authority. 2 the ground visibility is not less than 1500 m or, for helicopters, not less than 800 m. 3 the ceiling is not less than 180 m 600 ft. exemple 389 0,8 km.

Question 237-15 : An hélicoptère which has a maximum certificated take off mass over 3175 kg, shall be equipped with a cockpit voice recorder capable of retaining information recorded during at least the last ?

30 minutes or 2 hours of its operation, depending upon the date of the first issue of its individual certificate of airworthiness.

.cat.ide.h.185 cockpit voice recorder.a the following helicopter types shall be equipped with a cockpit voice recorder cvr.1 all helicopters with an mctom of more than 7 000 kg and .2 helicopters with an mctom of more than 3 175 kg and first issued with an individual cofa on or after 1 january 1987. ..b the cvr shall be capable of retaining the data recorded during at least .1 the preceding two hours for helicopters referred to in a 1 and a 2 , when first issued with an individual cofa on or after 1 january 2016 .2 the preceding one hour for helicopters referred to in a 1 , when first issued with an individual cofa on or after 1 august 1999 and before 1 january 2016 .3 the preceding 30 minutes for helicopters referred to in a 1 , when first issued with an individual cofa before 1 august 1999 or .4 the preceding 30 minutes for helicopters referred to in a 2 , when first issued with an individual cofa before 1 january 2016. exemple 393 30 minutes or 2 hours of its operation, depending upon the date of the first issue of its individual certificate of airworthiness.

Question 237-16 : An aeroplane which has a maximum certificated take off mass over 5700 kg but less than 27001 kg, shall be equipped with a cockpit voice recorder capable of retaining information recorded during at least the last ?

2 hours of its operation.

.cat.ide.a.185 cockpit voice recorder.a the following aeroplanes shall be equipped with a cockpit voice recorder.1 aeroplanes with an mctom of more than 5 700 kg and .2 multi engined turbine powered aeroplanes with an mctom of 5 700 kg or less, with an mopsc of more than nine and first issued with an individual cofa on or after 1 january 1990.......c by 1 january 2019 at the latest, the cvr shall be capable of retaining the data recorded during at least .1 the preceding 25 hours for aeroplanes with an mctom of more than 27 000 kg and first issued with an individual cofa on or after 1 january 2022 or.2 the preceding 2 hours in all other cases. exemple 397 2 hours of its operation.

Question 237-17 : For operations under ifr or at night the minimum flight crew is 2 pilots for ?

All helicopter with a maximum approved passenger seating configuration of more than 9.

.oro.fc.200 composition of flight crew.....specific requirements for helicopter operations.for all operations of helicopters with an mopsc of more than 19 and for operations under ifr of helicopters with an mopsc of more than 9, the minimum flight crew shall be two pilots. exemple 401 All helicopter with a maximum approved passenger seating configuration of more than 9.

Question 237-18 : The minimum flight crew is 2 pilots for ?

All helicopter with a maximum approved passenger seating configuration of more than 19.

.oro.fc.200 composition of flight crew.....specific requirements for helicopter operations.for all operations of helicopters with an mopsc of more than 19 and for operations under ifr of helicopters with an mopsc of more than 9, the minimum flight crew shall be two pilots. exemple 405 All helicopter with a maximum approved passenger seating configuration of more than 19.

Question 237-19 : Corresponding aeroplane category when vat is less than 91 kt is ?

A.

.classification of aeroplanes.the criteria taken into consideration for the classification of aeroplanes by categories is the indicated airspeed at threshold vat which is equal to the stalling speed vso multiplied by 1.3 or vs1g multiplied by 1.23 in the landing configuration at the maximum certificated landing mass. if both vso and vs1g are available, the higher resulting vat shall be used. the aeroplane categories corresponding to vat values are in the table below. 2627 exemple 409 A.

Question 237-20 : Corresponding aeroplane category when vat is from 166 kt to 210 kt is ?

E.

.classification of aeroplanes.the criteria taken into consideration for the classification of aeroplanes by categories is the indicated airspeed at threshold vat which is equal to the stalling speed vso multiplied by 1.3 or vs1g multiplied by 1.23 in the landing configuration at the maximum certificated landing mass. if both vso and vs1g are available, the higher resulting vat shall be used. the aeroplane categories corresponding to vat values are in the table below. 2627 exemple 413 E.

Question 237-21 : When the flight data recorder is required, it must stop automatically to record the data ?

After the aircraft is unable to move by its own power.

.the fdr shall automatically start to record the data prior to the helicopter being capable of moving under its own power and shall stop automatically after the helicopter is incapable of moving under its own power. exemple 417 After the aircraft is unable to move by its own power.

Question 237-22 : An helicopter whose maximum approved passenger seating configuration is 7 to 30 seats must be equipped with at least ?

1 hand fire extinguisher conveniently located in the passenger compartment.

.at least the following number of hand fire extinguishers must be conveniently located in the passenger compartment s. 2630 exemple 421 1 hand fire-extinguisher conveniently located in the passenger compartment.

Question 237-23 : An helicopter is configured for seating 31 to 60 passengers. what is the requirement for hand held fire extinguishers ?

2 conveniently located in the passenger compartment.

.at least the following number of hand fire extinguishers must be conveniently located in the passenger compartment s. 2630 exemple 425 2 conveniently located in the passenger compartment.

Question 237-24 : An helicopter is configured for seating 61 to 200 passengers. what is the requirement for hand held fire extinguishers ?

3 conveniently located in the passenger compartment.

.at least the following number of hand fire extinguishers must be conveniently located in the passenger compartment s. 2630

Question 237-25 : The operator shall ensure that ?

Special vfr flights are not commenced when visibility is less than 1.5 km.

.regulation eu 923/2012.sera.5010 special vfr in control zones.article 2, definitions 'special vfr flight' means a vfr flight cleared by air traffic control to operate within a control zone in meteorological conditions below vmc...special vfr flights may be authorised to operate within a control zone, subject to an atc clearance. except when permitted by the competent authority for helicopters in special cases such as medical flights, search and rescue operations and fire fighting, the following additional conditions shall be applied. a by the pilot. 1 clear of cloud and with the surface in sight. 2 the flight visibility is not less than 1500 m or, for helicopters, not less than 800 m. 3 at speed of 140 kt ias or less to give adequate opportunity to observe other traffic and any obstacles in time to avoid a collision and.. b by atc. 1 during day only, unless otherwise permitted by the competent authority. 2 the ground visibility is not less than 1500 m or, for helicopters, not less than 800 m. 3 the ceiling is not less than 180 m 600 ft. exemple 433 Special vfr flights are not commenced when visibility is less than 1.5 km.

Question 237-26 : For helicopters with a certificate of airworthiness issued from 2016 with a maximum certificated take off mass over 3175 kg, flight data recorders shall be capable of retaining the data recorded during at least the last ?

10 hours of operation.

.cat.ide.h.190 flight data recorder exemple 437 10 hours of operation.

Question 237-27 : Icao annex 6 part 3 is applicable to ?

International commercial air transport helicopters.


Question 237-28 : An helicopter command course requires a commander to carry out under supervision ?

10 hours and at least 10 sectors.

.part oro oro.fc.205 command course.for aeroplane and helicopter operations, the command course shall include at least the following elements..1 training in an fstd, which includes line oriented flight training loft and/or flight training ..2 the operator proficiency check, operating as commander ..3 command responsibilities training ..4 line training as commander under supervision, for a minimum of .i 10 flight sectors, in the case of aeroplanes and .ii 10 hours, including at least 10 flight sectors, in the case of helicopters ..5 completion of a line check as commander and demonstration of adequate knowledge of the route or area to be flown and of the aerodromes, including alternate aerodromes, facilities and procedures to be used and ..6 crew resource management training

Question 237-29 : According to ops regulations, in order to be operated ifr or at night in areas with potentially hazardous weather conditions, an aeroplane must be equipped with an airborne weather radar when the aeroplane is.1 – pressurised.2 – non pressurised with a maximum take off mass of more than 5700 kg.3 – ?

1, 2, 3

exemple 449 1, 2, 3

Question 237-30 : To act as commander in commercial air transport under ifr in a single pilot multi engine aeroplane, how many hours of flight time on aeroplanes must the holder of a cpl a have ?

700 h + 400 h pic

To act as commander in commercial air transport passengers or freight ifrsingle pilotmulti engine aeroplanewith a cpl, you must have 700 hrs inc 400 hrs pic also including 100 hrs ifr and 40 hrs multi engineeasa air ops.oro.fc.a.250 commanders holding a cpl a a the holder of a cpl a aeroplane shall only act as commander in commercial air transport on a single pilot aeroplane if either of the following conditions is met 1 when carrying passengers under vfr outside a radius of 50 nm 90 km from an aerodrome of departure, he/she has a minimum of 500 hours of flight time on aeroplanes or holds a valid instrument rating. or. 2 when operating on a multi engine type under ifr, he/she has a minimum of 700 hours of flight time on aeroplanes, including 400 hours as pilot in command. these hours shall include 100 hours under ifr and 40 hours in multi engine operations. the 400 hours as pilot in command may be substituted by hours operating as co pilot within an established multi pilot crew system prescribed in the operations manual, on the basis of two hours of flight time as co pilot for one hour of flight time as pilot in command.. 3 when operating on a single engined aeroplane under ifr, he/she has a minimum of 700 hours of flight time on aeroplanes, including 400 hours as pilot in command. those hours shall include 100 hours under ifr. the 400 hours as pilot in command may be substituted by hours operating as co pilot within an established multi pilot crew system prescribed in the operations manual, on the basis of two hours of flight time as co pilot for one hour of flight time as pilot in command. b for operations under vfr by day of performance class b aeroplanes a 1 shall not apply exemple 453 700 h + 400 h pic

Question 237-31 : The minimum rest period for flight crew before undertaking a flight duty period fdp at home base is at least hours. ?

12

Easa air ops..regulation eu no 83/2014..oro.ftl.235 rest periods.. a minimum rest period at home base... 1 the minimum rest period provided before undertaking an fdp starting at home base shall be at least as long as the preceding duty period, or 12 hours, whichever is greater... 2 by way of derogation from point 1 , the minimum rest provided under point b applies if the operator provides suitable accommodation to the crew member at home base... b minimum rest period away from home base...the minimum rest period provided before undertaking an fdp starting away from home base shall be at least as long as the preceding duty period, or 10 hours, whichever is greater. this period shall include an 8 hour sleep opportunity in addition to the time for travelling and physiological needs.

Question 237-32 : Who is responsible for the flight data monitoring fdm programme ?

Safety manager.

This question has similarities with other questions. be careful to understand exactly what it is asking...... accountable manager holds ultimate responsibility and authority for the safety and compliance of the operator.. safety manager manages the day to day operation and effectiveness of the operator's safety management system sms....here we are asked who would be responsible for the flight data monitoring fdm programme. this is describing the safety manager. the safety manager is responsible for the day to day running of the sms safety management system, which includes fdm...for a smaller operator non complex this is typically the accountable manager or a line captain. both of these positions offer sufficient relevant experience in operational roles to be an effective safety manager...for a larger operator complex this position would now need a more dedicated specialist due to the size or type of operation. now the operator will need a safety manager and safety review board...amc1 oro.aoc.130 flight data monitoring – aeroplanes..flight data monitoring fdm programme... a the safety manager, as defined under amc1 oro. 200 a 1 , should be responsible for the identification and assessment of issues and their transmission to the manager s responsible for the process es concerned. the latter should be responsible for taking appropriate and practicable safety action within a reasonable period of time that reflects the severity of the issue.....amc1 oro. 200 a 1 management system..complex operators — organisation and accountabilities... 1 the safety manager should act as the focal point and be responsible for the development, istration and maintenance of an effective safety management system. exemple 461 Safety manager.

Question 237-33 : An aeroplane command course requires a commander to carry out under supervision… ?

At least 10 sectors.

Easa air ops..regulation eu no 965/2012..oro.fc.205 command course.. a for aeroplane and helicopter operations, the command course shall include at least the following elements.. 1 training in an fstd, which includes line oriented flight training loft and/or flight training... 2 the operator proficiency check, operating as commander... 3 command responsibilities training... 4 line training as commander under supervision, for a minimum of.. i 10 flight sectors, in the case of aeroplanes. and.. ii 10 hours, including at least 10 flight sectors, in the case of helicopters... 5 completion of a line check as commander and demonstration of adequate knowledge of the route or area to be flown and of the aerodromes, including alternate aerodromes, facilities and procedures to be used. and.. 6 crew resource management training exemple 465 At least 10 sectors.

Question 237-34 : En route to the destination, with only one hour left until the limit on flight duty is reached, and 30 min to reach the destination, the operator contacts you and tells you to divert to an alternate 2 hours away for unforeseen circumstance. are you allowed ?

Yes, the commander can choose to extend the fdt for unforeseen circumstances and.he/she shall consult all crew members on their alertness levels.

Always start with a basic flight duty period of 13 hoursextension by the operator 13 hours + 1 hour max twice in 7 consecutive days so, up to 14 hours. this is scheduled in advance of the duty.extension due to commander's discretion 2 hours for a 2 crew operation, so 13 hours + 2 hours = 15 hours is the absolute maximum. this discretion is only for unforeseen circumstances during the duty, such as late arriving passengers, technical delays, atc departure slots etc.remember if you are are already extended by 1 hour by the operator, this leaves only 1 more hour of discretion availablein this question, the flight has an hour to go when the operator requests a change in schedule which would result in 2 more flying hours. as this is an unforeseen change, this can be accepted under the commander's discretion as it results in just one hour of extension.easa air ops.oro.ftl.205 flight duty period fdp f unforeseen circumstances in flight operations — commander’s discretion 1 the conditions to modify the limits on flight duty, duty and rest periods by the commander in the case of unforeseen circumstances in flight operations, which start at or after the reporting time, shall comply with the following i the maximum daily fdp which results after applying points b and e of point oro.ftl.205 or point oro.ftl.220 may not be increased by more than 2 hours unless the flight crew has been augmented, in which case the maximum flight duty period may be increased by not more than 3 hours.. ii if on the final sector within an fdp the allowed increase is exceeded because of unforeseen circumstances after take off, the flight may continue to the planned destination or alternate aerodrome. and. iii the rest period following the fdp may be reduced but can never be less than 10 hours. 2 in case of unforeseen circumstances which could lead to severe fatigue, the commander shall reduce the actual flight duty period and/or increase the rest period in order to eliminate any detrimental effect on flight safety. 3 the commander shall consult all crew members on their alertness levels before deciding the modifications under subparagraphs 1 and 2.

Question 237-35 : An operator proficiency check took place on may 15. for renewal purposes, the validity will expire on the… ?

31st

Easa air ops..oro.fc.230 recurrent training and checking.. b operator proficiency check.. 3 the validity period of the operator proficiency check shall be six calendar months. for operations under vfr by day of performance class b aeroplanes conducted during seasons not longer than eight consecutive months, one operator proficiency check shall be sufficient. the proficiency check shall be undertaken before commencing commercial air transport operations... c line check.. 1 each flight crew member shall complete a line check on the aircraft to demonstrate competence in carrying out normal line operations described in the operations manual. the validity period of the line check shall be 12 calendar months. 2 notwithstanding oro.fc.145 a 2 , line checks may be conducted by a suitably qualified commander nominated by the operator, trained in crm concepts and the assessment of crm skills... d emergency and safety equipment training and checking each flight crew member shall complete training and checking on the location and use of all emergency and safety equipment carried. the validity period of an emergency and safety equipment check shall be 12 calendar months... g the validity periods mentioned in b 3 , c and d shall be counted from the end of the month when the check was taken. exemple 473 31st

Question 237-36 : According to air ops, take off shall not be commenced… ?

Unless the external surfaces are clear of any contamination, except as permitted by aircraft flight manual.

Easa air ops. cat.op.mpa.250 ice and other contaminants — ground procedures a the operator shall establish procedures to be followed when ground de icing and anti icing and related inspections of the aircraft are necessary to allow the safe operation of the aircraft. b the commander shall only commence take off if the aircraft is clear of any deposit that might adversely affect the performance or controllability of the aircraft, except as permitted under a and in accordance with the afm. exemple 477 Unless the external surfaces are clear of any contamination, except as permitted by aircraft flight manual.

Question 237-37 : What is the planning minima for the etops en route alternate aerodrome ?

Precision approach da/h + 200 ft. rvr/vis + 800 m

Easa air ops..spa.etops.115 etops en route alternate aerodrome planning minima.. a the operator shall only select an aerodrome as an etops en route alternate aerodrome when the appropriate weather reports or forecasts, or any combination thereof, indicate that, between the anticipated time of landing until one hour after the latest possible time of landing, conditions will exist at or above the planning minima calculated by adding the additional limits of table 1... b the operator shall include in the operations manual the method for determining the operating minima at the planned etops en route alternate aerodrome...table 1 planning minima for the etops en route alternate aerodrome... . . type of approach. planning minima. . . precision approach. da/h + 200 ft.. rvr/vis + 800 m 1. . . non precision approach or circling approach. mda/h + 400 ft 1.. rvr/vis + 1500 m. . . 1 vis visibility. mda/h minimum descent altitude/height. exemple 481 Precision approach da/h + 200 ftxsx rvr/vis + 800 m

Question 237-38 : According to icao annex 6, what shall the operator establish for the use and guidance of operational personnel, as part of its safety management system ?

A flight safety documents system.

Icao annex 6..flight safety documents system. a set of interrelated documentation established by the operator, compiling and organizing information necessary for flight and ground operations, and comprising, as a minimum, the operations manual and the operator’s maintenance control manual...3.3 safety management..3.3.8 an operator shall establish a flight safety documents system, for the use and guidance of operational personnel, as part of its safety management system. exemple 485 A flight safety documents system.

Question 237-39 : A flight crew has been on standby duty for 4 hours at an airport. this standby will count as of duty time. ?

4 hours, as airport standby counts in full as duty time.

Duty time is doing anything on behalf of the operator, for example... actually operating the aircraft. airport standby. positioning. simulator training. office duties. ground school etc......airport standby means that you have travelled into work and are ready to go, as required. even if you are not needed to fly, this counts as a duty as you were prepared to fly....easa air ops..oro.ftl.225 standby and duties at the airport..if an operator assigns crew members to standby or to any duty at the airport, the following shall apply in accordance with the certification specifications applicable to the type of operation.. a standby and any duty at the airport shall be in the roster and the start and end time of standby shall be defined and notified in advance to the crew members concerned to provide them with the opportunity to plan adequate rest... b a crew member is considered on airport standby from reporting at the reporting point until the end of the notified airport standby period... c airport standby shall count in full as duty period for the purpose of points oro.ftl.210 and oro.ftl.235... d any duty at the airport shall count in full as duty period and the fdp shall count in full from the airport duty reporting time. exemple 489 4 hours, (as airport standby counts in full as duty time).

Question 237-40 : What is the primary purpose of allowing aircraft to conduct oceanic flight in the nat hla to fly self selected lateral offsets slop ?

To mitigate against collision risk.

North atlantic operations and airspace manual — chapter 8. strategic lateral offset procedures slop 8.5.8 while atc clearances are designed to ensure that separation standards are continually maintained for all traffic, errors do occur. neither flight crews nor controllers are infallible. gross navigation errors usually involving whole or half latitude degree mistakes in route waypoints are made, and aircraft are sometimes flown at flight levels other than those expected by the controller. ironically, when such errors are made, the extreme accuracies of modern navigation and height keeping systems themselves increase the risk of a collision. within an ats surveillance environment where vhf communications are available, controllers alerted to such errors will intervene using vhf voice communications. in areas surveillance or otherwise where vhf voice communication is not available, controllers rely on voice and data link position reports augmented by ads c and ads b transmissions to monitor conformance. controllers, when alerted to errors, will intervene using hf, cpdlc, satvoice or any other means available. given the potential delay in intervention, it has been determined that encouraging aircraft operating in the nat to fly self selected lateral offsets provides an additional safety margin and mitigates the risk of traffic conflict when non normal events such as aircraft navigation errors, height deviation errors and turbulence induced altitude keeping errors do occur. collision risk is significantly reduced by application of these offsets. these procedures are known as strategic lateral offset procedures slop exemple 493 To mitigate against collision risk.


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