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Question 244-1 : During a de icing / anti icing procedure carried out in two stages, the holdover time starts ? [ Question security ]
At the beginning of the second stage anti icing stage.
.the holdover time starts at the beginning of the second stage anti icing stage..first you have to de ice the aircraft and when the plane is clean, you can apply the anti icing fluid..pdf676
Question 244-2 : Hafex type fire extinguisher can be used for..1 a paper fire.2 a fabric fire.3 an electric fire.4 a wood fire.5 a hydrocarbon fire..the combination regrouping all the correct statements is ?
1, 2, 3, 4, 5.
.class a fire flammable solids any object that might catch ignition and be set on fire requiring the cooling effect of water e.g. material, wood, paper, cushions, etc. it is safe to use any type of extinguishers against such fire whenever water is not available.. class a extinguishers = water...class b fire liquid fire liquid fire involves flammable substances that are usually lighter than water e.g. oil, fuel, paint, kerosene. water and water glycol fire extinguishers should not be used to fight such fire, as water will only help it spread and expand. concentration should be on the exclusion of oxy. class b extinguishers = foam...class c fire electrical fire fire involving electrical equipment is usually the result of a short circuit. it is essential to cut the electrical source of ignition and exclude the oxy.beware of using water against such fire to prevent electric shocks. if there is no other alternative, water glycol extinguishers could be used in short shots.. class c extinguishers = dry chemicals, halon gas...class d fire metal fire metal fire involves certain combustible metals e.g. magnesium, titanium, potassium, sodium. these metals burn at high temperatures and give off sufficient oxygen to support combustion. they may react violently with water or other chemicals and must be handled with care.. class d extinguishers = sand, dry chemical powder...hafex fire extinguisher can be used for paper, fabric, plastic fire, electric fire, wood fire, flammable liquids, flammable gases, hydrocarbon fire class a, b and c fires.
Question 244-3 : Fire and smoke..in case of a fire due to the heating of the brakes, you fight the fire using. 1. a dry powder fire extinguisher. 2. a water spray atomizer. 3. a water fire extinguisher. 4. a co2 fire extinguisher to the maximum. the combination regrouping all the correct statements is ?
1, 2.
.the overheating of brake and wheel assemblies usually follows excessive braking. this can happen on landing when a hydraulic failure reduces the ability of the pilot to utilise control surfaces flaps and he feels the aircraft may over run the runway or more often, on an aborted take off. quite often tyres will burst or, as the aircraft comes to a standstill, ignite by transference of heat from the brakes. to avoid metal failure, firefighters attending overheated brake and wheel assemblies should usually refrain from applying water and allow natural cooling. if there is fire however, a fine water fog water spray atomizer applied from fore and aft of the undercarriage assembly is generally used..nota rapid cooling may cause an explosive failure of a wheel assembly..information.when water fog is used on a wheel assembly fire, an intermittent application of short bursts 5 to 10 seconds every 30 seconds should be used.
Question 244-4 : In case of an engine tail pipe fire during start while on the ground you should abort the starting procedure and ?
Carry out a dry motoring cycle.
.it can occur on helicopter or airplane. it occurs during ground engine start or shutdown and is the result of an excess of fuel in the combustion chamber or in the turbine area. the excess of fuel ignites in the combustion chamber with the engine not rotating or under rotating, incapable of utilizing the energy released...during start while on the ground you should abort the starting procedure, and continue to motor the engine until the tailpipe fire is extinguished.. 2642.this boeing procedure also applies for airbus, embraer, etc....pull the fire shut off handle and trigger the engines fire extinguishers will have no effect on the tailpipe fire.
Question 244-5 : The time needed for the dissipation of a turbulent wake created by a wide body aircraft during take off is about ?
3 minutes.
. arrival.distance separation.3 nm l following l, m following m..4 nm h following h..5 nm l following m, m following h.6 nm l following h...time separation are 2 minutes and 3 minutes.3 minutes for a l following a m or h..2 minutes in all other cases...light aeroplane 7000 kg or less...medium aeroplane less than 136000 kg but more than 7000 kg...heavy aeroplane 136000 kg or greater.
Question 244-6 : To extinguish a fire in the cockpit, you use.1. a water fire extinguisher.2. a powder or chemical fire extinguisher.3. a hafex type fire extinguisher.4. a co2 fire extinguisher..the combination regrouping all the correct statements is ?
3, 4.
.cockpit fires are fought with hafex type extinguishers which leave no residue..on the ground co2 extinguishers may also be used.
Question 244-7 : The wake turbulence ?
Starts during rotation and stops as soon as the aeroplane's wheels touch the ground.
Question 244-8 : Wind shear and microburst..in a microburst combined with a violent storm the winds at ?
Low altitude diverge from the center of the phenomenon and the atmospheric pressure increases by a few hectopascals.
. 2637.microbursts are small, intense downdraughts that spread out in all directions when they reach the surface, commonly associated with thunderstorms in the mature stage..you are most likely to encounter them within 1000 ft of the ground. due to the important downward flow, the pressure increases by a few hectopascals.
Question 244-9 : You will use a powder fire extinguisher for..1. a paper fire.2. a plastic fire.3. a hydrocarbon fire.4. an electrical fire..the combination regrouping all the correct statements is ?
1, 2, 3, 4.
.class a fire flammable solids any object that might catch ignition and be set on fire requiring the cooling effect of water e.g. material, wood, paper, cushions, etc. it is safe to use any type of extinguishers against such fire whenever water is not available.. class a extinguishers = water...class b fire liquid fire liquid fire involves flammable substances that are usually lighter than water e.g. oil, fuel, paint, kerosene. water and water glycol fire extinguishers should not be used to fight such fire, as water will only help it spread and expand. concentration should be on the exclusion of oxy. class b extinguishers = foam...class c fire electrical fire fire involving electrical equipment is usually the result of a short circuit. it is essential to cut the electrical source of ignition and exclude the oxy.beware of using water against such fire to prevent electric shocks. if there is no other alternative, water glycol extinguishers could be used in short shots.. class c extinguishers = dry chemicals, hafex gas...class d fire metal fire metal fire involves certain combustible metals e.g. magnesium, titanium, potassium, sodium. these metals burn at high temperatures and give off sufficient oxygen to support combustion. they may react violently with water or other chemicals and must be handled with care.. class d extinguishers = sand, dry chemical powder...a powder fire extinguisher can be used for class a, b and c fires.
Question 244-10 : Wind shear and microburst..in case of an unexpected encounter with windshear, you will.. 1 set the maximum take off thrust. 2 increase the pitch up attitude up to the limit actuating the stick shaker. 3 retract gear and flaps, if they are extended. 4 keep gear, flaps and slats in current ?
1, 2, 4.
Question 244-11 : Decompression of pressurised cabin..a fast decompression is recognizable by the following elements..1 mist in the cabin.2 blast towards the exterior of the aircraft.3 expansion of body gases.4 blast of air released violently from the lungs..the combination regrouping all the correct statements ?
1, 2, 3, 4.
.rapid/explosive decompression results in a sudden loss in cabin pressure, and can be recognized by the following signs. a loud bang, thump or clap that is the result of the sudden contact between the internal and external masses of air.. cloud of fog or mist in the cabin that is due to the drop in temperature, and the change of humidity.. rush of air, as the air exits the cabin. a decrease in temperature, as the cabin temperature equalizes with the outside air temperature..if a breach in the aircraft structure is the cause of the decompression. unsecured items in the immediate area are ejected from the aircraft.. debris may fly around the cabin.. loose items may become projectiles.. dust particles may limit visibility...air is released violently from the lungs, expansion of body gases induce joint pain and stomach pain...in the case of rapid/explosive decompression, there may be a lot of confusion due to the high noise level and fog that makes it difficult to communicate in the cabin.
Question 244-12 : A slow decompression may be caused by..1. a leak in a doorseal during normal pressurised flight.2. loss of a cabin window.3. malfunction of all pressurised systems.4. loss of a door..the combination regrouping all the correct statements is ?
1, 3
Question 244-13 : For an aeroplane with a tyre pressure of 14 bars, there is a risk of dynamic hydroplaning as soon as the ?
Speed is greater than 129 kt.
.you need first to convert bars to psi..bars x 14.5 = psi.14 x 14.5 = psi.psi = 203..for a rotating tyre, dynamic hydroplaning 9 x sqrt p..for a non rotating tyre, dynamic hydroplaning 7.7 x sqrt p..p is the tyre pressure in psi...unless states in the question, we assume a rotating tyre, so..9 x sqrt 203 = 128 kt.. sqrt = square root.
Question 244-14 : For an aeroplane with a tyre pressure of 12 bars, there is a risk of dynamic hydroplaning as soon as the ?
Speed is greater than 119 kt.
.you need first to convert bars to psi..bars x 14.5 = psi.12 x 14.5 = psi.psi = 174..for a rotating tyre, dynamic hydroplaning 9 x sqrt p..for a non rotating tyre, dynamic hydroplaning 7.7 x sqrt p..p is the tyre pressure in psi...unless states in the question, we assume a rotating tyre, so..9 x sqrt 174 = 118.7 kt.. sqrt = square root.
Question 244-15 : Contaminated runways..for an aeroplane with a tyre pressure of 10 bars, there is a risk of dynamic hydroplaning as soon as the ?
Speed is greater than 108 kt.
.you need first to convert bars to psi..bars x 14.5 = psi..10 x 14.5 = psi..psi = 145....for a rotating tyre, dynamic hydroplaning = 9 sqrt p..for a non rotating tyre, dynamic hydroplaning = 7.7 sqrt p...p is the tyre pressure in psi...unless states in the question, we assume a rotating tyre, so...9 sqrt 145 = 108.4 kt... sqrt = square root.
Question 244-16 : Contaminated runways..for an aeroplane with a tyre pressure of 8 bars, there is a risk of dynamic hydroplaning as soon as the ?
Speed is greater than 98 kt.
.you first need to convert bars to psi..bars x 14.5 = psi..8 x 14.5 = psi..psi = 116....for a rotating tyre, dynamic hydroplaning = 9 sqrt p..for a non rotating tyre, dynamic hydroplaning = 7.7 sqrt p...p is the tyre pressure in psi...unless states in the question, we assume a rotating tyre, so...9 sqrt 116 = 97 kt... sqrt = square root.
Question 244-17 : Contaminated runways..for an aeroplane with a tyre pressure of 16 bars, assuming a rotating tyre, there is a risk of dynamic hydroplaning as soon as. 1 water height is equal to the depth of the tyre grooves.. 2 speed is greater than 137 kt.. 3 water height is equal to the half of the depth of the ?
1 and 2.
.you first need to convert bars to psi..bars x 14.5 = psi..16 x 14.5 = psi..psi = 232....for a rotating tyre, dynamic hydroplaning = 9 sqrt p..for a non rotating tyre, dynamic hydroplaning = 7.7 sqrt p...p is the tyre pressure in psi...unless states in the question, we assume a rotating tyre, so...9 sqrt 232 = 137.1 kt.. sqrt = square root.
Question 244-18 : The tip vortices circulate about each wing tip ?
From the underwing toward the upper side of the wing.
. 1640..this question is present at atplh and cplh exams too. tip vortices are created on the same way for a rotor blade.
Question 244-19 : Which one of the following sets of conditions is the least likely to attract flocks of birds ?
Long grass.
.pdf921.....7.16 ground cover some form of grass is commonly used as ground cover at most airports and there has been discussion regarding the height at which the grass should be cut.the height will vary depending upon which type of bird is a problem. most birds dangerous to aircraft prefer short grass there is only a small percentage of bird species which prefer long grass, e.g. partridges, pheasants and some small birds with low weights...7.17 it is recommended that grass be maintained at a height of 20 cm or more. gull type birds often rest on short grass where they can see danger approaching they also forage for food in short grass. by allowing grass to grow to a height of 20 cm or more, birds do not have good visibility and feeding is hindered. the only difference between the long and short grass technique is the way it is cut.
Question 244-20 : Who has the responsibility for establishing operating procedures for noise abatement purposes during instrument flight in compliance with icao pans ops 8168 the ?
Operator.
.icao doc8168.3.3 development of procedures.a noise abatement procedure shall be developed by the operator for each aeroplane type with advice from the aeroplane manufacturer, as needed and agreed to by the state of the operator. the departure procedure to be used on a specific departure should satisfy the noise objectives of the state of the aerodrome.
Question 244-21 : A fire occurs in a wheel and immediate action is required to extinguish it. the safest extinguishant to use is ?
Dry powder.
Question 244-22 : When flying in straight and level flight at fl 290 for some considerable time a small leak develops in the cabin which causes a slow depressurisation, this can be seen on the cabin rate of climb indicator which will indicate ?
A rate of climb.
Typically, there will be two gauges in the cockpit, one to show the cabin's rate of climb the small one, looks like a vsi vertical speed indicator , and the other with two needles. one for the inner scale indicates cabin altitude in feet.. one for the outer scale indicates differential pressure between cabin and ambient in psi.. 855.if cabin pressure decreases, the cabin rate of climb indicator should indicate a rate of climb.
Question 244-23 : Decompression of pressurised cabin..if cabin altitude increases during level flight, the differential pressure ?
Decreases.
.cabin differential pressure means the pressure difference between cabin pressure and ambient air pressure..when cabin altitude increases, cabin pressure decreases..difference between cabin pressure and ambient air pressure will reduce the differential pressure decreases.
Question 244-24 : In accordance with icao and pans rac procedures, which letter should be entered into a flight plan to denote an aeroplane which has a weight of less than 136000 kg but greater than 7000 kg ?
M.
Question 244-25 : For the purpose of wake turbulence separation, what is the minimum separation time that is permitted when a light aircraft is taking off behind a heavy aircraft from an intermediate part of the same runway ?
3 minutes.
. arrival.distance separation.3 nm l following l, m following m..4 nm h following h..5 nm l following m, m following h.6 nm l following h...time separation are 2 minutes and 3 minutes.3 minutes for a l following a m or h..2 minutes in all other cases...light aeroplane 7000 kg or less...medium aeroplane less than 136000 kg but more than 7000 kg...heavy aeroplane 136000 kg or greater.
Question 244-26 : Following an act of unlawful interference on board an aircraft, the commander should submit a report to ?
Both the local authority and the authority in the state of the operator.
Question 244-27 : In what period of time must a fuel jettisoning system be capable of jettisoning sufficient fuel to meet the specified approach and landing climb performance requirements ?
15 minutes.
.certification specifications and acceptable means of compliance for.large aeroplanes cs 25 cs 25.1001 fuel jettisoning system. a a fuel jettisoning system must be installed on each aeroplane unless it is shown that the aeroplane meets the climb requirements of cs 25.119 and 25.121 d at maximum takeoff weight, less the actual or computed weight of fuel necessary for a 15 minute flight comprised of a take off, go around, and landing at the airport of departure with the aeroplane configuration, speed, power, and thrust the same as that used in meeting the applicable take off, approach, and landing climb performance requirements of this cs 25... b if a fuel jettisoning system is required it must be capable of jettisoning enough fuel within 15 minutes , starting with the weight given in subparagraph a of this paragraph, to enable the aeroplane to meet the climb requirements of cs 25.119 and 25.121 d , assuming that the fuel is jettisoned under the conditions, except weight, found least favourable during the flight tests.
Question 244-28 : From the following list, which items classified as dangerous goods are required on an aircraft for operating purposes..1. fire extinguishers.2. portable oxygen supplies.3. first aid kits.4. passenger meals.5. alcoholic beverages ?
1, 2 and 3.
Question 244-29 : The maximum validity of a snowtam is ?
24 hours.
Icao annex 15.
Question 244-30 : Assuming contaminated runway conditions, if an aeroplane's main wheel tyre pressure is 206 psi, the approximate speed above which dynamic hydroplaning may occur is ?
129 kt.
.for a rotating tyre, dynamic hydroplaning 9 x sqrt p..for a non rotating tyre, dynamic hydroplaning 7.7 x sqrt p..p is the tyre pressure in psi...unless states in the question, we assume a rotating tyre, so..9 x sqrt 206 = 129 kt.. sqrt = square root.
Question 244-31 : Item d of a snowtam gives the cleared length of a runway in metres. if this is less than the published length, how is this reported ?
By a four figure group added to item d, which gives the lenght in metres.
.icao annex 15.snowtam a special series notam notifying the presence or removal of hazardous conditions due to snow, ice, slush orstanding water associated with snow, slush and ice on the movement area, by means of a specific format...extract from annex 15.5. item d cleared runway length in metres, if less than published length see item t on reporting on part of runway not cleared......18. item t describes in plain language any operationally significant information but always report on length of uncleared runway item d...example.published runway length is 2500 m..cleared runway length is 2000 m four figure group..if a part of the 2500 m of runway lenght is not cleared, you report in plain language at item the detail t eg from 1000 to 1200 m, runway uncleared.
Question 244-32 : Contaminated runways..a braking action of 0.25 and below reported on a snowtam is ?
Poor.
.icao annex 15. 2643
Question 244-33 : Following a heavy mass landing on a short runway, you should pay attention to the ?
Temperature of the brakes.
Question 244-34 : In order to carry dangerous goods on board a commercial aircraft, they must be accompanied with a ?
Transport document for dangerous materials.
Question 244-35 : In public transport, prior to take off in icing conditions, the captain must check that ?
External surfaces are free from any ice accretion which may impede the airplane performance and manoeuvrability, except within the limits specified by the flight manual.
.pdf676
Question 244-36 : A runway is considered wet when..1 it is covered with a quantity of water or loose or slushy snow less than or equal to the equivalent of 3 mm of water..2 the amount of surface moisture is sufficient to modify its colour but does not give it a shiny appearance..3 the amount of surface moisture is ?
1, 3.
.air ops terminology..... contaminated runway a runway is considered to be contaminated when more than 25% of the runway surface area whether in isolated areas or not within the required length and width being used is covered by the following.. i surface water more than 3 mm 0,125 in deep, or by slush, or loose snow, equivalent to more than 3 mm 0,125 in of water.. ii snow which has been compressed into a solid mass which resists further compression and will hold together or break into lumps if picked up compacted.snow or.. iii ice, including wet ice... wet runway a runway is considered wet when the runway surface is covered with water, or equivalent, less than specified in sub paragraph 2 above or when there is sufficient moisture on the runway surface to cause it to appear reflective, but without significant areas of standing water.
Question 244-37 : Your flight manual does not include specific supplementary information on landing distances on wet runways and the service bulletins or weather reports indicate that the runway may be wet at the estimated time of arrival. the required landing distance on a dry runway must be increased by ?
15%.
.landing wet and contaminated runways.an operator shall ensure that when the appropriate weather reports or forecasts, or a combination thereof, indicate that the runway at the estimated time of arrival may be wet, the landing distance available is at least 115% of the required landing distance.
Question 244-38 : The reference document you shall use when a piece of equipment on your aeroplane fails during taxy is ?
The operations manual under the heading 'abnormal and emergency procedures'.
.if an equipment becomes inoperable while parked you consult the 'mel' and while taxying for take off or after landing you must refer to the 'abnormal and emergency procedures' in the qrh quick reference handbook.
Question 244-39 : Wake turbulence..wake turbulence should be taken into account when ?
A much heavier aeroplane has landed just previously on the same runway, a light crosswind condition exist and all high lift devices are being used.
Question 244-40 : If a packet is marked with the label shown in the appendix it is . 2644 ?
A toxic material.
.please download icao doc 9284 chapter 3.pdf2646
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