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For a given type of oil the oil viscosity depends on the ? [ Mandatory security ]

Question 42-1 : Oil temperature outside pressure oil pressure quantity of oil

exemple 142 Oil temperature.Oil temperature.

The fuel temperature at which under standard conditions the vapour ignites in ?

Question 42-2 : Flash point fire point combustion point self ignition point

exemple 146 Flash point.Flash point.

Pre ignition refers to the condition that may arise when ?

Question 42-3 : The mixture is ignited by abnormal conditions within the cylinder before the spark occurs at the plug the mixture is ignited before the piston has reached top dead centre a rich mixture is ignited by the sparking plugs the sparking plug ignites the mixture too early

exemple 150 The mixture is ignited by abnormal conditions within the cylinder before the spark occurs at the plugThe mixture is ignited by abnormal conditions within the cylinder before the spark occurs at the plug

A fuel strainer fuel filter when fitted to a carburettor will be positioned ?

Question 42-4 : Upstream of the needle valve between the needle valve and the metering jet between the metering jet and the discharge nozzle downstream of the discharge nozzle

A fuel strainer is a fuel filter .the fuel need to be filtered before entering the carburettor . 887 exemple 154 Upstream of the needle valve.Upstream of the needle valve.

The working cycle of a four stroke engine is ?

Question 42-5 : Induction compression power exhaust induction power compression exhaust induction compression expansion power compression induction power exhaust

exemple 158 Induction, compression, power, exhaust.Induction, compression, power, exhaust.

Specific fuel consumption is defined as the ?

Question 42-6 : Mass of fuel required to produce unit power for unit time maximum fuel consumption of the aircraft designed fuel consumption for a given rpm quantity of fuel required to run the engine for one minute at maximum operating conditions

exemple 162 Mass of fuel required to produce unit power for unit time.Mass of fuel required to produce unit power for unit time.

The purpose of the contact breaker is to ?

Question 42-7 : Control the primary circuit of the magneto connect the secondary coil to the distributor connect the battery to the magneto connect the contact breaker and condenser in series with the primary coil

exemple 166 Control the primary circuit of the magneto.Control the primary circuit of the magneto.

Under normal running conditions a magneto draws primary current ?

Question 42-8 : From a self contained electro magnetic induction system from the booster coil from the aircraft batteries via an inverter directly from the aircraft batteries

exemple 170 From a self-contained electro-magnetic induction system.From a self-contained electro-magnetic induction system.

The air in a piston engine turbo supercharger centrifugal compressor ?

Question 42-9 : Enters the eye of the impeller and leaves at a tangent to the periphery enters via the diffuser and is fed to the impeller at the optimum angle of attack enters at the periphery and leaves via the eye of the impeller enters at a tangent to the rotor and leaves via the stator

Img889. 890.the air in a piston engine turbo supercharger centrifugal compressor enters the eye of the impeller and leaves at a tangent to the periphery exemple 174 Enters the eye of the impeller and leaves at a tangent to the periphery.Enters the eye of the impeller and leaves at a tangent to the periphery.

The power of a piston engine which will be measured by a friction brake is ?

Question 42-10 : Brake horse power frictional horse power heat loss power indicated horse power

exemple 178 Brake horse power.Brake horse power.

The power output of a piston engine can be calculated by ?

Question 42-11 : Torque times rpm work times velocity force times distance pressure times arm

The power of a piston engine decreases during a climb with a constant power ?

Question 42-12 : Air density engine temperature humidity temperature

Howarthson .note in this question 'with a constant power lever setting' so as you climb the power will be decreasing because the air is becoming less dense so manifold absolute pressure will be decreasing exemple 186 Air density.Air density.

The torque of an aeroplane engine can be measured at the ?

Question 42-13 : Gear box which is located between the engine and the propeller accessory gear box propeller blades camshaft

The conditions most likely to produce the highest engine power are ?

Question 42-14 : Cold and dry air at high pressure warm air at low pressure with high relative humidity cold air at high pressure with high relative humidity warm and dry air at high pressure

Hot low pressure air contains fewer oxygen molecules per cubic meter or foot than cold high pressure air .water molecules humidity displace a certain amount of the oxygen in the engine air intake meaning that the engine inhales less oxygen exemple 194 Cold and dry air at high pressure.Cold and dry air at high pressure.

The kind of compressor normally used as a supercharger is ?

Question 42-15 : A radial compressor an axial compressor a hybrid compressor a piston compressor

Img891.the compressor section is fitted with a radial compressor .turbine section can be radial or axial exemple 198 A radial compressor.A radial compressor.

An egt exhaust gas temperature indicator for a piston engine is used to ?

Question 42-16 : Assist the pilot to set the correct mixture control the cylinder head temperature control the carburettor inlet air flow control the fuel temperature

exemple 202 Assist the pilot to set the correct mixture.Assist the pilot to set the correct mixture.

The conditions which can cause detonation are ?

Question 42-17 : High manifold pressure and low revolutions per minute low manifold pressure and high revolutions per minute high manifold pressure and high revolutions per minute low manifold pressure and high fuel flow

High pressure and temperature in the cylinder cause detonation this is when the fuel/air mixture explodes rather than burns .high manifold pressure and low revolutions would cause this condition .the grade of fuel used in an engine must ensure that detonation doesn't occur during the engine's normal operating range for temperature and pressure .a lower octane fuel allows detonation to occur at lower temperatures and pressures but it doesn't actually cause detonation exemple 206 High manifold pressure and low revolutions per minute.High manifold pressure and low revolutions per minute.

If the manifold pressure is increased the blade angle of a constant speed ?

Question 42-18 : It will increase will increase and after a short time will reduce will reduce so that the engine rpm can increase will remain the same

Manifold pressure controls the blade angle of a constant speed propeller also know as a variable pitch propeller .a constant speed performs pretty much the same function as a gearbox does in a car in that it 'maintains engine rpm over a varying conditions of road' the gearbox or constant speed prop is there because engine work best within a certain range of rpm going too fast or too slow is not good for them .the manifold absolute pressure map indicates the power output of a piston engine and if it is increased the blade angle will increase as if you climb in mountain for a car a lower gear will give more torque fine pitch will give more thurst exemple 210 It will increase.It will increase.

The 'slipstream effect' of a propeller is most prominent at ?

Question 42-19 : Low airspeeds with high power setting high airspeeds with low power setting high airspeeds with high power setting low airspeeds with low power setting

The high speed rotation of an airplane propeller gives a corkscrew or spiraling rotation to the slipstream .at high propeller speeds and low forward speed as in the takeoffs and approaches to power on stalls this spiraling rotation is very compact and exerts a strong sideward force on the airplane's vertical tail surface . 892.when this spiraling slipstream strikes the vertical fin on the left it causes a left turning moment about the airplane's vertical axis the more compact the spiral the more prominent this force is as the forward speed increases however the spiral elongates and becomes less effective .the corkscrew flow of the slipstream also causes a rolling moment around the longitudinal axis .note that this rolling moment caused by the corkscrew flow of the slipstream is to the right while the rolling moment caused by torque reaction is to the left in effect one may be counteracting the other however these forces vary greatly and it is up to the pilot to apply proper correction action by use of the flight controls at all times these forces must be counteracted regardless of which is the most prominent at the time exemple 214 Low airspeeds with high power setting.Low airspeeds with high power setting.

The operating principle of float type carburettors is based on the ?

Question 42-20 : Difference in air pressure at the venturi throat and the air inlet automatic metering of air at the venturi as the aircraft gains altitude increase in air velocity in the throat of a venturi causing an increase in air pressure measurement of the fuel flow into the induction system

The carburattor uses the venturi principle as the speed of air increases through the choke the pressure reduces enough to pull fuel into it via the main nozzle which is connected directly to the fuel system through a series of pumps and jets exemple 218 Difference in air pressure at the venturi throat and the air inlet.Difference in air pressure at the venturi throat and the air inlet.

The crank assembly of a piston engine comprises the ?

Question 42-21 : Crankshaft connecting rods and pistons propeller crankshaft pistons and connecting rods crankcase crankshaft connecting rods and pistons crankshaft camshaft valves valve springs and push rods

Img893 exemple 222 Crankshaft, connecting rods and pistons.Crankshaft, connecting rods and pistons.

The purpose of the blow in doors at the air inlets is to ?

Question 42-22 : Provide the engine with additional air at high power settings and low air speeds serve to increase the relative velocity at the first compressor stage provide the engine with additional air at high power settings at cruising speed feed cooling air to the engine cowling

Spring loaded doors located in the inlet duct of some gas turbine or turbofan engines these doors are normally closed but they open under conditions of low speed and high engine power to permit additional air into the compressor .blow in doors help prevent compressor stall .here are some examples . 896. 895 exemple 226 Provide the engine with additional air at high power settings and low air speeds.Provide the engine with additional air at high power settings and low air speeds.

On four stroke piston engines the theoretical valve and ignition settings are ?

Question 42-23 : Overall efficiency compression ratio piston displacement engine rpm

exemple 230 Overall efficiency.Overall efficiency.

For internal cooling reciprocating engines are especially dependent on ?

Question 42-24 : The circulation of lubricating oil a rich fuel/air mixture a lean fuel/air mixture a properly functioning thermostat

exemple 234 The circulation of lubricating oilThe circulation of lubricating oil

The main purpose of the mixture control is to ?

Question 42-25 : Adjust the fuel flow to obtain the correct fuel/air ratio decrease the air supplied to the engine increase the oxygen supplied to the engine decrease the oxygen supplied to the engine

exemple 238 Adjust the fuel flow to obtain the correct fuel/air ratio.Adjust the fuel flow to obtain the correct fuel/air ratio.

In which sections of the carburettor would icing most likely occur ?

Question 42-26 : Venturi and the throttle valve accelerator pump and main metering jet main air bleed and main discharge nozzle float chamber and fuel inlet filter

For a reciprocating engine fuel/air ratio or mixture is the ratio between the ?

Question 42-27 : Mass of fuel and mass of air entering the cylinder volume of fuel and volume of air entering the carburettor volume of fuel and volume of air entering the cylinder mass of fuel and mass of air entering the carburettor

The most accurate measure that you can get is the mass of the air and fuel because it is compensating for the density volume changes with temperature .the 15 1 is therefore 15 parts of air by weight to 1 part of fuel by weight exemple 246 Mass of fuel and mass of air entering the cylinder.Mass of fuel and mass of air entering the cylinder.

Which statement is correct concerning the effect of the application of ?

Question 42-28 : The density of the air entering the carburettor is reduced thus enriching the fuel/air mixture the volume of air entering the carburettor is reduced thus enriching the fuel/air mixture the volume of air entering the carburettor is reduced thus leaning the fuel/air mixture the density of the air entering the carburettor is reduced thus leaning the fuel/air mixture

When you apply carburettor heat to melt ice that has formed in the throat or venturi the air entering to mix with fuel passes around the exhaust pipe to be heated this heated air has its density reduces .the volume of air does not change when you apply carburettor heat exemple 250 The density of the air entering the carburettor is reduced, thus enriching the fuel/air mixture.The density of the air entering the carburettor is reduced, thus enriching the fuel/air mixture.

Vapour lock is ?

Question 42-29 : Vaporizing of fuel prior to reaching the carburettor the formation of water vapour in a fuel system vaporizing of fuel in the carburettor the inability of a fuel to vaporize in the carburettor

exemple 254 Vaporizing of fuel prior to reaching the carburettorVaporizing of fuel prior to reaching the carburettor

The reading on the oil pressure gauge is the ?

Question 42-30 : Pressure of the oil on the outlet side of the pressure pump difference between the pressure pump pressure and the scavenge pump pressure pressure in the oil tank reservoir pressure of the oil on the inlet side of the pressure pump

exemple 258 Pressure of the oil on the outlet side of the pressure pump.Pressure of the oil on the outlet side of the pressure pump.

The main purpose of a turbocharger is to ?

Question 42-31 : Maintain power with increasing altitude reduce the fuel flow provide a leaner mixture at sea level provide a richer mixture at high altitudes

exemple 262 Maintain power with increasing altitude.Maintain power with increasing altitude.

An excessively rich mixture can be detected by ?

Question 42-32 : Black smoke from exhaust white smoke from exhaust high cylinder head temperatures a long purple flame from exhaust

exemple 266 Black smoke from exhaust.Black smoke from exhaust.

The compression ratio of a piston engine is the ratio of the ?

Question 42-33 : Volume of the cylinder with the piston at bottom dead centre to that with the piston at top dead centre diameter of the bore to the piston stroke area of the piston to the cylinder volume weight of the air induced to its weight after compression

Img897.compression ratio = volume at bottom dead / volume at top dead. exemple 270 Volume of the cylinder with the piston at bottom dead centre to that with the piston at top dead centre.Volume of the cylinder with the piston at bottom dead centre to that with the piston at top dead centre.

The purpose of the venturi in a carburettor is to ?

Question 42-34 : Create the suction necessary to cause fuel to flow through the carburettor main jets prevent enrichment of the mixture due to high air velocity through the carburettor ensure complete atomisation of the fuel before entering the injection system create a rise in pressure at the throat before the mixture enters the induction system

exemple 274 Create the suction necessary to cause fuel to flow through the carburettor main jets.Create the suction necessary to cause fuel to flow through the carburettor main jets.

The mixture controller of a carburettor ?

Question 42-35 : Varies the fuel supply to the main discharge nozzle varies the air supply at the main discharge nozzle alters the pressure drop at the main discharge nozzle moves the butterfly valve through a separate linkage to the main throttle control

exemple 278 Varies the fuel supply to the main discharge nozzle.Varies the fuel supply to the main discharge nozzle.

A turbocharger system in a reciprocating engine is normally driven by ?

Question 42-36 : The exhaust system an electric motor an hydraulic motor an electrically activated hydraulically powered clutch

Img891.this short illustration explains clearly the principle exemple 282 The exhaust system.The exhaust system.

An aircraft magneto is switched off by .1 grounding the primary circuit .2 ?

Question 42-37 : 1 4 2 3 1 3 2 4

.a magneto is essentially a self contained generator which is gear driven by the engine .the ignition switch in the cockpit when selected off ground the magnetos to earth through the primary circuit .it works also for the secondary circuit but usually this is the primary circuit which is grounded exemple 286 1, 4.1, 4.

Spark timing is related to engine speed in the way that the ?

Question 42-38 : Faster the engine functions the more the spark is advanced slower the engine functions the more the spark is advanced faster the engine functions the further past tdc the spark occurs faster the engine functions the more retarded the spark is

The ignition timing of a piston engine needs to be advanced at 'high rpm' because flame rate and time for complete combustion remain constant exemple 290 Faster the engine functions, the more the spark is advanced.Faster the engine functions, the more the spark is advanced.

An impulse magneto coupling ?

Question 42-39 : Gives a retarded spark at starting reduces magneto speed during engine warm up advances ignition timing and gives a hotter spark at starting gives an automatic spark increase during high speed operation

The impulse coupling is a spring loaded mechanical coupling which delays rotation of the magneto during an engine start after a short period of rotation the device allows the magneto to catch up in effect spinning the mag shaft faster than the engine is turning it .the faster it turns the hotter the spark and the bigger the voltage impulse making for easier starting after the engine is running rotational forces move the spring loaded arms which make the impulse coupling work at low speeds out of the way the impulse coupling only works at very low engine speeds exemple 294 Gives a retarded spark at starting.Gives a retarded spark at starting.

If an engine fails to stop with the magneto switch in off position the cause ?

Question 42-40 : Excessive carbon formation in cylinder head defective condenser fouled spark plugs switch wire grounded

The magneto switch controls the primary magneto circuit by grounding it this is done to isolate individual magnetos during the rpm drop check .if this wire is broken and therefore cannot be earthed then the magneto will continue to supply current to the engine and it will continue to run .the correct answer as stated is excessive carbon formation this forms hot spots which remain heated and continue to ignite the mixture even though the plugs are not sparking exemple 298 Excessive carbon formation in cylinder head.Excessive carbon formation in cylinder head.

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