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Question 84-1 : The actual zero fuel mass zfm is equal to the… ? [ Questionnaire LAPL ]
Dry operating mass plus the traffic load.
.zero fuel mass zfm of an aircraft is the total mass of the airplane and all its contents, minus the total mass of the usable fuel on board.zero fuel mass include.1 dry operating mass..2 traffic load.
Question 84-2 : The maximum zero fuel mass is a mass limitation for the… ?
Strength of the wing root.
Maximum zero fuel mass mzfm is the maximum mass allowed before usable fuel and other specified usable agents engine injection fluid, and other consumable propulsion agents are loaded in defined sections of the aircraft as limited by strength and airworthiness requirements..the mzfm is a structural limit based on the bending moments and strength of the wing root.
Question 84-3 : The regulated take off mass… ?
Is the lower of maximum structural take off mass and the performance limited take off mass.
Cap 696 definitions.regulated take off mass rtom is the lowest of the 'performance limited' tom and 'structural limited' tom.
Question 84-4 : What is the definition of regulated landing mass it is the… ?
Lower of the performance limited landing mass and the maximum structural landing mass.
With regards to the landing mass, there are 2 possible limits... the maximum structural limit. any performance limit for the ambient conditions on this flight...the maximum structural limit is a fixed number, as given by the manufacturer. this value is determined by the strength of the landing gear etc...the performance limit will vary depending on various factors including... runway length. go around climb requirements. temperature. headwind / tailwind. runway slope. elevation etc...you, the pilot, must compare these 2 limits. the lower of the 2 becomes the 'regulated landing mass' and this is the limit which must be respected for the flight.
Question 84-5 : Based on actual conditions, an aeroplane has the following performance take off mass limitations flaps0°10°15°runway4100 kg4400 kg4600 kgclimb4700 kg4500 kg4200 kgstructural limits take off/landing/zero fuel 4300 kgthe maximum take off mass is… ?
4300 kg
The structual limits mtom = mlm = mzfm are all 4300 kg. thus, we can disregard any take off mass which is above this limit 4300 kg.pltom .flaps 0 4100 kg lowest of the two values.flaps 10 4400 kg lowest of the two values.flaps 15 4200 kg lowest of the two values highest performance limited tom is 4400 kg with flaps 10 , but we are unable to take off with a mass of 4400 kg as this exceed mtom limitation of 4300 kg.therefore, the highest allowable take off mass is 4300 kg.alternative explanation.1 find the lowest limit for each flap setting..2 choose the highest one from those you selected.flaps0°10°15°runway4100 kg4400 kg4600 kgclimb4700 kg4500 kg4200 kg.step 1 the lowest from each flap setting 0° 4100. 10° 4400. 15° 4200..step 2 the highest of those 3 selected is 4400 kg from 10° flaps.so this your limit => 4400 kgnow, find the highest possible tom among the given options that equal or are the closest to your limit..remember it should not exceed structural limit of 4300 kg.
Question 84-6 : According to the flight manual, the maximum structural mass of your aircraft is 3200 lb, which may be increased by 25 lb for taxiing. it is a hot day and the performance charts restrict the maximum all up mass maum to 3100 lb. what is the value of the regulated take off mass rtom ?
3100 lb
The regulated take off mass rtom is the lowest of the... performance limited take off mass pltom and. maximum structural take off mass mstom...and it is the maximum mass at which the aircraft is able to depart from an airport in the given ambient conditions...therefore, the rtom is 3100 lb...note ignore the taxi fuel of 25 lbs. it is not a factor when considering take off masses as it is already burnt at that stage.
Question 84-7 : According to the flight manual, the maximum structural mass of your aircraft is 3200 lb for take off or landing , which can be increased by 50 lb when taxiing. it is a hot day and the performance charts restrict the maximum all up mass maum to 3100 lb....what is the value of the regulated landing ?
3100 lb
Maximum structural mass for landing and take off 3200 lb..performance limited maximum all up mass 3100 lb..regulated landing mass is the lowest of the 'performance limited' and 'structural limited' lm...=> therefore, regulated lm = 3100 lb
Question 84-8 : Prior to departure the aircraft is loaded with maximum fuel of 20 100 litres at a fuel density specific gravity of 0.78. using the following data performance limited take off mass 67 200kgperformance limited landing mass 54 200kgdry operating mass 34 930kg taxi fuel 250kgtrip fuel 9250kgcontingency ?
13 090 kg
Traffic load tl is the difference between the actual take off mass and the operating mass om. operating mass om = dom + fuel but without the traffic load.. 1 let's start by determining the block fuel..the conversion between fuel volume and mass is very simple fuel volume in litres × specific gravity density = fuel mass in kg.... 20 100 l × 0.78 => 15 678 kg... 2 the actual take off mass is the lowest of... performance limited take off mass = 67 200 kg. performance limited landing mass + trip fuel = 54 200 kg + 9 250 kg = 63 450 kg.. 3 allowed traffic load = tom om... om = dom + block fuel taxi fuel.. om = 34 930 kg + 15 678 kg 250 kg = 50 358 kg. allowed traffic load = tom om.. allowed traffic load = 63 450 kg 50 358 kg = 13 092 kg
Question 84-9 : A flight has been made from london to valencia carrying minimum fuel and maximum traffic load. on the return flight the fuel tanks in the aeroplane are to be filled to capacity with a total fuel load of 20 100 litres at a fuel density of 0.79 kg/l. the following are the aeroplane structural limits ?
14 331 kg
1 first we must calculate the block fuel mass in valencia = fuel volume x fuel density = 20 100 x 0.79 = 15 879 kg. 2 determine take off fuel = block fuel taxi fuel = 15 879 250 = 15 629 kg. 3 calculate the operating mass = dom + take off fuel = 34 930 kg + 15 629 kg = 50 559 kg. 4 the maximum allowable takeoff mass will be smallest of 1 pltom 67 330 kg2 mlm + trip fuel 58 900 + 5990 = 64 890 kg smallest number 3 mzfm + takeoff fuel = 52 740 + 15 629 = 68 369 kg 5 the maximum traffic load = maximum allowable tom — operating mass.maximum traffic load = 64 890 — 50 559 = 14 331 kg
Question 84-10 : A revenue flight is to be made by a jet transport. the following are the aeroplane structural limits, masses and fuel load maximum ramp mass 69 900kgmaximum take off mass 69 300kgmaximum landing mass 58 900kgmaximum zero fuel mass 52 740kgperformance limited take off mass 67 450kgperformance limited ?
17 840 kg
To get the takeoff mass will be smallest of 1.mstom 69 300 kg.2.pltom 67 450 kg.3.mlm + trip fuel 58 900 + 6200 = 65 100 kg.4.pllm + trip fuel 55 470 + 6200 = 61 670 kg.5.mzfm + takeoff fuel = 52 740 + 6200 + 1300 + 1100 = 61 340 kg smallest number maximum traffic load = takeoff mass — dry operating mass + take off fuel.maximum traffic load = 61 340 — 34 900 + 6200 + 1300 + 1100 = 17 840 kg
Question 84-11 : The maximum quantity of fuel that can be loaded into an aircraft's tanks is given as 400 us gallons. if the fuel density specific gravity is given as 0.79 the mass of fuel which may be loaded is… ?
1196 kg
The conversion between fuel volume and mass is very simple fuel volume in litres × specific gravity density = fuel mass in kg.1 us gallon = 3.7854 litres400 × 3.7854 = 1514 litresfuel in litres × density = fuel mass in kg1514 × 0.79 => 1196 kg
Question 84-12 : The dry operating mass dom of an aircraft is the sum of the basic empty mass bem + … ?
Operating items
Dry operating mass dom it is the total mass of the aeroplane ready for a specific type of operation excluding usable fuel and traffic load...the mass includes items such as..1 crew and crew baggage...2 catering and removable passenger service equipment...3 potable water and lavatory chemicals...4 food and beverages...dom = basic mass + operating items..dom = bem + the mass of the special operational equipment + the mass of the crew...#neither traffic load nor taxi fuel is part of dom
Question 84-13 : If an aeroplane lands below its max structural landing mass, but above its performance limited landing mass for the arrival airfield 1 it might not have sufficient runway length to stop safely.2 tyre temperature limits could be exceeded.3 it will increase structural fatigue.4 physical damage might ?
1, 2, 4, 5
Maximum structural landing mass is determined by the manufactural, maximum performance landing mass is determined by crew or aerodrome based on the conditions like runway length and weather condition...lets analyse the options..1 it might have not enough runway length to stop safely. correct.. runway can be too short..2 tyre temperature limits could be exceeded. correct.. pilots may push breaks to the limit to stop the airplane that can lead to overheating...3 it may cause structural fatigue. wrong.. fatigue is not failure, it is based on weakening of structure over repetitive times not one landing...4 physical damage might be suffered as a result of extra mass. correct.. as what may happen with extra brake which cause over heating...5 a go around might not be achievable. correct.. obstacle clearance might not be achieved.
Question 84-14 : 5600 usg is equivalent to… ?
4663 imp gal
First method using the crp5 => align 5600 usg on the inner ring with the 'us gal' scale. look for the 'imp gal' scale and read off the value of 4660 imp gal also on the inner scale.second method us gallons to imp gal = us gal × 0.8327.5600 us gal x 0.8327 = 4663 imp gal
Question 84-15 : What is correct about conversion of fuel volume to mass ?
It may be done by using standard fuel density values as specified in the operations manual, if the actual fuel density is not known.
Easa air ops. gm1 cat.pol.mab.100 g mass and balance, loading. fuel density a if the actual fuel density is not known, the operator may use standard fuel density values for determining the mass of the fuel load. such standard values should be based on current fuel density measurements for the airports or areas concerned.. b typical fuel density values are 1 gasoline piston engine fuel – 0.71. 2 jet a1 jet fuel jp 1 – 0.79. 3 jet b jet fuel jp 4 – 0.76. 4 oil – 0.88
Question 84-16 : Determine the weight of 867 us gallons of fuel sg 0.78. ?
5635 lbs
Convert usg into litres, litres into kilograms and finally kilograms into pounds.us gallons to litres l => litres = us gal × 3.785867 usg x 3.785 = 3281.6 lconversion between fuel volume and mass fuel volume in litres x specific gravity density = fuel mass in kg3281.9 l x 0.78 = 2559.6 kgkilograms kg to pounds lbs => lbs = kilograms x 2.2052 559.9 kg x 2.205 = 5645 lbalternatively,.on your flight computer, align 867 on the inner scale with the us gal index on the outer scale. look up to 0.78 on the sp g lbs index on the outer scale..read 5650 lb on the inner scale.closest option 5635 lb
Question 84-17 : What is maximum running load ?
The maximum load per unit of fuselage length.
Running load. the load or mass distributed over a defined length of a cargo compartment irrespective of load width.... maximum running load = the maximum load per unit of fuselage length.
Question 84-18 : Determine the maximum permissible traffic load, given..take off mass 8600 kg..take off fuel 1840 kg..reserve fuel 920 kg..basic empty mass 4940 kg..total mass of crew and special operating equipment 440 kg ?
1380 kg
.another question which is testing your knowledge of the various mass definitions and their relationships with each other. here, we need to isolate the traffic load.tom = 8600 kg no information is given about a maximum tom, so we just work with what we have dom = bem + variable load crew, operating equipment, etc = 4940 kg + 440 kg = 5380 kgto fuel = 1840 kgtom dom to fuel = traffic load8600 5380 1840 = 1380 kg of traffic loadnote reserve fuel is included in the take off fuel.
Question 84-19 : What is the difference between the take off mass and the block ramp fuel ?
Dom + traffic load
..a strangely written question. it appears to be asking what is take off mass fuel which is zero fuel mass...the problem is the use of 'block fuel' which is all the fuel, including start & taxi fuel. the take off mass tom does not include this, as it is already burnt. in this question however, it is simply ignored by the examiner...... take off mass fuel = zero fuel mass zfm. zfm = dom + traffic load...looking at the answer options..dom + traffic load > correct. zero fuel mass = dom plus traffic load..dom + useful load > incorrect. useful load is traffic load and usable fuel, we don't want any fuel included...bem + useful load > incorrect. useful load is traffic load and usable fuel, we don't want any fuel included...bem + traffic load > incorrect. this is missing the variable load, crew, catering etc...
Question 84-20 : Determine the allowed mass for take off for a medium range jet transport aeroplane mrjt. given maximum zero fuel mass mzfm 61 688 kg.maximum take off mass mtom 66 990 kg.maximum landing mass mlm 65 317 kg.performance limited take off mass tom 64 900 kg.performance limited landing mass lm 67 300 ?
64 900 kg
To determine the allowed take off mass, we will consider mtom, mzfm mzfm + take off fuel and mlm mlm + trip fuel and choose the most limiting figure.performance limited take off mass 64 900 kgmaximum zero fuel mass mzfm + take off fuel .the take off fuel is not provided and we also don’t know the taxi fuel to determine the tof from block fuel. therefore, we will have to use the block fuel figure..61 688 kg + 6000 kg = 67 688 kgmaximum landing mass mlm + trip fuel .we must use the lowest of the two landing masses given..65 317 kg + 3800 kg = 69 117 kgthe most limiting figure is 64 900 kg.
Question 84-21 : During dispatch calculations, you want to calculate the maximum possible traffic load and carry as minimum 13 800 kg of block fuel.determine the allowed traffic load for your flight, given allowed take off mass 71 402 kg.maximum zero fuel mass 56 850 kg.dry operating mass 40 763 kg.actual traffic ?
16 087 kg
Traffic load tl is the difference between the actual take off mass and the operating mass om. operating mass om = dom + fuel but without the traffic load 1 the actual take off mass is the lowest of allowed take off mass = 71 402 kg mzfm + block fuel taxi fuel = 56 850 kg + 13 800 kg 179 kg = 70 471 kg 2 allowed traffic load = tom om om = dom + block fuel taxi fuel. om = 40 763 kg + 13 800 kg 179 kg = 54 384 kg allowed traffic load = tom om. allowed traffic load = 70 471 kg 54 384 kg = 16 087 kg
Question 84-22 : Determine the maximum traffic load that can be carried, given maximum structural take off mass 5200 kg.dry operating mass 2840 kg.crew and operational equipment 360 kg.take off fuel 950 kg ?
1410 kg
Traffic load tl is the difference between the actual take off mass and the operating mass om..operating mass om = dom + fuel but without the traffic load allowed traffic load = tom om om = dom + take off fuel.om = 2840 + 950 kg = 3790 kgallowed traffic load = tom om.allowed traffic load = 5200 kg 3790 kg = 1410 kg
Question 84-23 : Just before closing the doors of the aircraft, you are asked if it is possible to accept a group of passengers re booked from another flight. knowing that your departure is take off limited, determine the underload so that you can decide how many passengers to accept allowed take off mass 24 220 ?
6865 kg
Underload. the difference between allowable load and current load under load = allowable traffic load actual traffic load. this load can be added due to last minute changes..underload = allowed take off mass operating mass om traffic load tl operating mass om it is the dom plus takeoff fuel but without traffic load..om = dom + tofunderload = 24 220 kg 14 792 kg 2563 kg = 6865 kg
Question 84-24 : During dispatch calculations, you want to calculate the maximum possible traffic load and carry as a minimum 13 800 kg of block fuel...determine the allowed traffic load for your flight, given..allowed take off mass 71 240 kg..maximum zero fuel mass 56 380 kg..dry operating mass 40 561 kg..actual ?
15 819 kg
..to tidy up the information given in the question... 'allowed tom 71 240 kg' let's assume this is the regulated tom. take off fuel = block fuel taxi = 13 800 kg 274 kg = 13 526 kg. landing mass has no restrictions...using the regular table... . . rtom. rlm. mzfm. . . . + trip fuel. + take off fuel. . . 71 240. no restrictions. 56 380 + 13 526 = 69 906. . .....69 906 is our limiting take off mass.... take off mass dry operating mass dom take off fuel = traffic load. 69 906 kg 40 561 kg 13 526 kg = 15 819 kg available for traffic load.
Question 84-25 : Determine the mass that must be entered into the loading chart for a fuel load of 170 litres, given..fuel density 0.78 kg/l ?
133 kg
The conversion between fuel volume and mass is very simple fuel volume in litres × specific gravity density = fuel mass in kg.... 170 l × 0.78 kg/l = 132.6 kg
Question 84-26 : A flight crew of a turbojet aeroplane prepares a commercial air transport flight using the information below. the flight is operated as planned. what is correct regarding the landing mass lm..maximum certificated landing mass 53 900 kg..performance limited landing mass 51 950 kg..dry operating mass ?
Lm = 51 820 and it does not exceed the regulated lm.
..landing mass is the zero fuel mass + fuel on landing...for this question there are 3 steps... zero fuel mass = dom 35 500 kg + traffic load 11 800 kg = 47 300 kg. fuel on landing = block fuel 9720 kg taxi fuel 120 kg trip fuel 5080 kg = 4520 kg. landing mass = zfm 47 300 kg + landing fuel 4520 kg = 51 820 kg...the limits are given as... maximum certificated landing mass 53 900 kg. performance limited landing mass 51 950 kg...the lower of the two becomes the regulated landing mass, which here is 51 950 kg. our landing mass of 51 820 kg is within limits.
Question 84-27 : The following planning data are given for a commercial air transport flight. determine the underload of this flight maximum take off mass 62 800 kg.performance limited take off mass at departure 61 600 kg.dry operating mass 34 550 kg.block fuel 10 970 kg.taxi fuel 130 kg.trip fuel 6150 kg.reserve ?
3510 kg
Underload. the difference between allowable load and current load under load = allowable traffic load actual traffic load. this load can be added due to last minute changes..underload = allowed take off mass operating mass om traffic load tl operating mass om it is the dom plus take off fuel but without traffic load..om = dom + tof.om = 34 550 kg + 10 970 kg 130 kg = 45 390 kgtraffic load tl it is the total mass of passengers, their baggage, cargo and any non revenue load..tl = 10 220 kg + 2480 kg = 12 700 kgunderload = 61 600 kg 45 390 kg 12 700 kg = 3510 kg
Question 84-28 : A flight crew of a turbojet aeroplane prepares a commercial air transport flight using the following information. determine the allowed take off mass for this flight..maximum take off mass 62 800 kg..maximum landing mass 54 900 kg..maximum zero fuel mass 50 300 kg..take off mass is not performance ?
59 900 kg
This question asks us for the allowed take off mass for a given flight. this is determined by the fuel figures and needs to be checked by comparing the 3 limits. in general zfm limited a small fuel load short range flight = little fuel in the wings = little wing bending relief = little weight can be carried in the fuselage.tom limited large fuel load on take off, typically with a large fuel burn long range flight lm limited large fuel load on take off, typically with a small fuel burn tankering fuel for the next sector to tidy up the information given in the question we are only given a structural take off mass limitthe regulated landing mass is the lowest of the structural and performance limitsblock fuel is 9720 kg. taxi is 120kg. so, take off fuel is 9720 120 = 9600 kg.using the regular table tomrlm 53 950 kgmzfm 50 300 kg + trip fuel 6160 kg+ take off fuel 9600 kg62 800 kg60 110 kg59 900 kg 59 900 kg is our limiting take off mass.note this question is not asking about carrying more fuel,extra fuel,the maximum fuel etc.if it did, we could ignore the mzfm and look at the limits imposed by the regulated take off and landing masses only. in this case we would be limited by the performance landing mass 53950kg + trip fuel 6160 kg = 60110 kgin this question however, we are asked for the maximum take off mass with the fuel figures as given and are limited by the mzfm to 59 900 kg. the current fuel load only allows the traffic load to take the mass up to 59 900kg.this calculation is really to let us know the allowed traffic load for the flight 59 900kg take off limit 9600kg take off fuel dry operating mass = allowed traffic load.
Question 84-29 : According to the flight manual, the maximum structural mass of your aircraft is 3420 lb, which may be increased by 30 lb for taxiing. it is a hot day and the performance charts restrict the maximum all up mass maum to 3280 lb. the regulated take off mass rtom is… ?
3280 lb
The regulated take off mass rtom is the lowest of the performance limited take off mass pltom andmaximum structural take off mass mstom and it is the maximum mass at which the aircraft is able to depart from an airport in the given ambient conditions.therefore, the rtom is 3280 lb.note ignore the taxi fuel of 30 lbs. it is not a factor when considering take off masses as it is already burnt at that stage.
Question 84-30 : A pilot is taking off from an airport with a light aircraft which has a maximum structural take off mass of 3250 lb and 25 lb of taxi fuel can be added. it is a hot summer day and the maximum all up mass maum is 3100 lb. what is the maximum ramp mass in these conditions ?
3100 lb
Maximum all up mass maum maximum mass that an aircraft can be loaded to.maum and maximum ramp mass describe the same mass.in this question, the actual maum equals 3100 lb, the maximum ramp mass will also equal 3100 lb and will include the 25 lbs taxi fuel.
Question 84-31 : Given the following information, what is the underload/overload allowed take off mass 4300 kg. operating mass 3253 kg. total fuel mass 650 kg. mass of the crew and their baggage 185 kg. traffic load 1015 kg ?
An underload of 32 kg.
Traffic load tl is is the total mass of passengers, baggage and cargo, including any ’non revenue’ load...dry operating mass dom is the total mass of the aeroplane ready for a specific type of operation excluding usable fuel and traffic load. the mass includes items such as crew and crew baggage, catering and removable passenger service equipment, potable water and lavatory chemicals, food and beverages...operating mass om is the dom plus fuel, but without traffic load...for this question we will only consider the take off situation ignoring the landing and the zero fuel situation, since the given data do not permit so subtracting from the allowed take off mass structural limit the om and the traffic load to figure out if the aircraft is overloaded or underloaded allowed tom om traffic load = 4300 3253 1015 = + 32 kg...the '+' sign indicates that it is underloaded by 32 kg...note be careful to avoid any double mass calculations, due to the fact that some masses are already included in other masses, e.g. fuel mass is included in om, crew and crew baggage mass is included in dom, dom is included in om and so on.
Question 84-32 : The flight manual states that the maximum structural landing mass of your aircraft is 5300 kg. for a flight terminating in a hot desert area, the density altitude for the day concerned restricts the landing mass to 4900 kg. if the contingency fuel of 30 kg has not been used, what is the regulated ?
4900 kg
The maximum landing mass mlm 5300 kg is a structural limit, whilst the performance limited landing mass pllm 4 900 kg is a limit derived from performance calculations...the regulated landing mass rlm is the lower between the maximum structural landing mass of 5300 kg and the performance limited landing mass 4900...note the contingency fuel consumption is irrelevant to the question.
Question 84-33 : Before departure for a flight, the load controller presents to you cargo documents for boxes containing spare parts. these boxes have a total mass of 4500 kg. if you accept all the boxes, given the following information, what will be the underload/overload allowed take off mass 76 720 kg.maximum ?
An underload of 858 kg.
.of the information given, we only need in bold allowed take off mass 76 720 kgmaximum zero fuel mass 62 731 kgoperating mass 58 799 kgactual zero fuel mass 55 063 kgactual traffic load without the boxes 12 563 kgtake off fuel 16 299 kgallowed take off mass 76 720 kg zfm 55 063 kg to fuel 16 299 kg = 5358 kg initial underload5358 kg 4500 kg of extra boxes = 858 kg underload remainingbe careful once again the examiner is giving more information than is required. 'the allowed tom is the lower of regulated take off mass rtom maximum zero fuel mass mzfm + take off fuelregulated landing mass rlm + trip fuel
Question 84-34 : Following the acceptance of the load sheet and the operational flight plan, the commander decides to refuel his/her aircraft with 1618 us gallons at a specific gravity of 0.8. the fuel mass loaded on board is... ?
10 801 lb
Specific gravity sg is a measurement of the relative density mass of a given volume of fluid / mass of an equal volume of water.a relationship exists between litres and kilograms one litre of water weighs one kilogram.a similar relationship exists between pounds or libres and imperial gallons one ig of water weighs ten pounds or libres.based on the first relationship convert us gallons into litres 1618 usg x 3.785 = 6124.13 litres.applying the sg 0.8 find the mass in kilos 6124.13 kg x 0.8 = 4899.3 kgconvert kilos into libres 4899.3 kg x 2.205 = 10 802 lb
Question 84-35 : The dispatcher has informed you that the actual traffic load for your flight is 1459 kg. given the following conditions, what is the maximum block fuel you can carry without exceeding the allowed take off mass...dry operating mass 4737 kg..maximum zero fuel mass 6428 kg..allowed take off mass 8100 ?
1939 kg
..the allowed tom is the lower of... regulated take off mass rtom. maximum zero fuel mass mzfm + take off fuel. regulated landing mass rlm + trip fuel...allowed tom dom traffic load = max take off fuel..8100 kg 4737 kg 1459 kg = 1904 kg..take off fuel 1904 kg + taxi fuel 35kg = block fuel 1939 kg...note in this question, the information 'maximum zero fuel mass 6428 kg' is not required to complete the answer.
Question 84-36 : A flight log excerpt gives the following planning data for a commercial air transport flight. what is the maximum allowed traffic load for this flight..maximum take off mass 62 800 kg..maximum landing mass 54 900 kg..maximum zero fuel mass 50 300 kg..performance limited take off mass at departure 59 ?
14 190 kg
Traffic load tl is the difference between the actual take off mass and the operating mass om. operating mass om = dom + fuel but without the traffic load.. 1 maximum allowed take off mass must be calculated. it is the lowest of... performance limited take off mass at departure = 59 600 kg. mzfm + block fuel taxi fuel = 50 300 kg + 10 810 kg 150 kg = 60 960 kg. performance limited landing mass + trip fuel as trip fuel will be consumed during the flight = 54 500 kg + 5800 kg = 60 300 kg... 2 maximum allowed traffic load = mtom om..om = dom + block fuel taxi fuel..om = 34 750 kg + 10 810 kg 150 kg = 45 410 kg..allowed traffic load = tom om..allowed traffic load = 59 600 kg 45 410 kg = 14 190 kg
Question 84-37 : Given the following data, what is the additional traffic load that the crew could accept for take off dry operating mass 12 445 lb.traffic load 241 lb.fuel loaded 5000 lb.trip fuel 3000 lb.taxi fuel 100 lb.mtom 18 386 lb ?
800 lb
..the question gives us the following information... dry operating mass 12 445 lb. traffic load 241 lb. fuel loaded 5000 lb. trip fuel 3000 lb not required. taxi fuel 100 lb take off fuel is therefore 5000 100 = 4900 lb. mtom 18 386 lb...max tom dom useful load traffic load & take off fuel = underload..18 386 lb 12 445 lb 241 lb 4900 lb = 800 lb underload
Question 84-38 : During dispatch calculations, you want to calculate the maximum possible traffic load and carry as a minimum 13 800 kg of block fuel.given the following information, what is the allowed traffic load for your flight maximum take off mass 71 204 kg.maximum zero fuel mass 56 490 kg.dry operating mass ?
16 295 kg
Dry operating mass dom is the sum of the basic empty mass bem and the variable load crew, crew baggage, food, beverages, water etc. , excluding both usable fuel and payload.traffic load tl is the total mass of passengers, baggage, cargo or freight , including any non revenue load. traffic load plus dry operating mass dom is equal to the aircraft's zero fuel mass zfm.take off mass tom is the mass of the aeroplane at the start of the take off run. it is equal to the zfm plus the take off fuel.take off fuel is the remaining fuel at the brake release point after having consumed the taxi fuel.for this question, we will only consider the take off and zero fuel situation, subtracting from all the structural limits the dry operating mass dom and the fuel mass where applicable , to find the maximum allowed traffic load that can be loaded and we will keep the lowest one take off situation maximum take off mass dom take off fuel = 71 204 kg 40 195 kg 13 800 kg 215 kg = 17 424 kg.zero fuel situation maximum zero fuel mass dom = 56 490 kg 40 195 kg = 16 295 kg.therefore, the maximum allowed traffic load that can be loaded for this flight is 16 295 kg.
Question 84-39 : According to the flight manual, the maximum structural mass of your aircraft is 3720 lb, which may be increased by 20 lb for taxiing...it is a hot day and the performance charts restrict the maximum all up mass maum to 3640 lb. what is the value of the regulated take off mass rtom ?
3640 lb
The regulated take off mass rtom is the lowest of the... performance limited take off mass pltom and. maximum structural take off mass mstom...and it is the maximum mass at which the aircraft is able to depart from an airport in the given ambient conditions...therefore, the rtom is 3640 lb...note ignore the taxi fuel of 20 lbs. it is not a factor when considering take off masses as it is already burnt at that stage.
Question 84-40 : Which one of the statements below are correct regarding the maximum zero fuel mass mzfm 1. is a regulatory limitation.2. is calculated for a maximum load factor of +3.5 g.3. is based on the maximum permissible bending moment at the wing root.4. is defined on the assumption that fuel is consumed from ?
1, 3, 5
Looking at the answer options 1. 'is a regulatory limitation' > correct. the mzfm is a manufacturer's limit and will be in the afm, as approved by the authority / regulator...2. 'is calculated for a maximum load factor of +3.5 g' > incorrect. the mzfm is calculated for a max load factor of +2.5 g..3. 'is based on the maximum permissible bending moment at the wing root' > correct. the mzfm is a structural limitation designed to protect the wing root. during flight the lift acting on the wings picks up the fuselage where most of the weight is concentrated. this causes structural stress at the wing root as the wings bend upwards...4. 'is defined on the assumption that fuel is consumed from the outer wings tank first' > incorrect. the optimum method of using fuel, to protect the wing bending, is to use any central tank first and then wing tanks last. fuel in the wing tanks lowers the bending of the wings...5. 'is defined on the assumption that fuel is consumed from the centre wing tank first' > correct. as described in the answer above.
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