Question 94-1 : Which of the following statements is accurate when comparing the attributes of pallets with those of containers pallets ? [ Experience landing ]

Question 94-2 : The maximum area load of the floor of the cargo bay of an aircraft is 400 kgm2 there is a load of 245 kg that needs to be positioned in the cargo bay what are the dimensions of the appropriate pallet for that load to ensure that the maximum floor load limit is not violated ?

033 m x 20 m.

The question only asks about the maximum area load therefore we assume that the other limits such as maximum running load are not violatedthe mass of the cargo will be distributed over the area of the pallets floor loading limit 400 kg m2check every pallet separately 043 m x 14 m = 0602 m2 area load = 245 kg 0602 m2 = 407 kgm2 exceed the limit 080 m x 075 m = 06 m2 area load = 245 kg 06 m2 = 408 kgm2 exceed the limit 050 m x 10 m = 05 m2 area load = 245 kg 05 m2 = 490 kgm2 exceed the limit 033 m x 20 m = 066 m2 area load = 245 kg 066 m2 = 371 kgm2 within the limit the pallet 033 x 20 m allows for an area load within the limit below 400 kgm2

Question 94-3 : The maximum permissible floor loading for a cargo compartment in an aircraft is given as 135 kgm2 a container will be added to the cargo compartment with a length of 24 m a width of 12 m and a height of 13 m the container will be loaded on its base what is the maximum mass of the container to remain ?

3888 kg.

Floor contact area 24 m l x 12 m w = 288 m2maximum permissable load 135 kg m2our container is 288 m2 and we can load 135 kg in 1 m2maximum mass that can be loaded in the container max load = maximum distribution load intensity x contact area = 135 kg m2 x 288 m2 = 3888 kg

Question 94-4 : A jet aeroplane is climbing at constant mach number below the tropopausewhich of the following statements is correct ?

Ias decreases and tas decreases.

Use the very simple 'ertm' diagram 1039the mach line is vertical because the question states climbing at constant mach number ertm for e as r as rectified air speed or cas t as m achmach number = tas lsslocal speed of sound lss changes in proportion to temperature when climbing below the tropopause the temperature decreases lss decreasesthus tas must decrease to keep mach number constanttas is ias corrected for instrument position compressibility and density errors if tas decreases ias decreases

Question 94-5 : Which of the following statements is correct ?

A stopway means an area beyond the take off runway able to support the aeroplane during an aborted take off.

Question 94-6 : Which of the following is true with regard to vmca air minimum control speed ?

Straight flight can not be maintained below vmca when the critical engine has failed.

Question 94-7 : Which of the following will decrease v1 ?

Inoperative anti skid.

Antiskid system the hydraulic system provides antiskid protection when the system detects a skid the associated antiskid valve reduces brake pressure until skidding stopsan inoperative anti skid system will increase the stop distance thus our asda is increased and v1 need to be decreasedan increased take off mass or an increased of oat will increase v1 until we reach one of the maximum available distances tora toda and asdaan inoperative fms has no effect on v1

Question 94-8 : Which of the following are to be taken into account for the runway in use for take off ?

Airport elevation runway slope outside air temperature pressure altitude and wind components.

Question 94-9 : Changing the take off flap setting from flap 15° to flap 5° will normally result in ?

A longer take off distance and a better climb.

Question 94-10 : In accordance with cs 25 the reference landing speed vref has the following minimum margin above the reference stalling speed in the landing configuration vsr0 ?

23%.

Vref is the landing reference speed cs 25125 landing i in non icing conditions vref may not be less than a 123 vsr0example 100 x 123 = 123 kt

Question 94-11 : In relation to the net take off flight path the required 35 ft vertical distance to clear all obstacles is ?

The minimum vertical distance between the lowest part of the aeroplane and all obstacles within the obstacle domain.

Question 94-12 : At a given altitude when a turbojet aeroplane mass is increased by 5% assuming the engines specific consumption remains unchanged its ho y consumption is approximately increased by ?

5%.

For a turbojet aeroplane fuel consumption decreases or increases in proportion to the change in aeroplane weight

Question 94-13 : What will be the effect on an aeroplane's performance if aerodrome pressure altitude is decreased ?

Question 94-14 : What will be the influence on the aeroplane performance if aerodrome pressure altitude is increased ?

It will increase the take off distance.

Pressure altitude is the altitude displayed on an altimeter if your pressure altitude indicated a high it means a reduced air densityair density has direct effect on lift drag engine performance when air density decreases aircraft performance decreases take off run will be increased

Question 94-15 : Which of the following distances will increase if you increase v1 but vr remains unchanged ?

Accelerate stop distance.

Accelerated stop distance is the distance required to accelerate to v1 with all engines at takeoff power experience an engine failure at v1 and abort the takeoff and bring the airplane to a stop using only braking action without the use of reverse thrust thus if you increase v1 the accelerate stop distance asd will increasethe decision speed at take off v1 is the calibrated airspeed below which take off must be rejected if an engine failure is recognized above which take off should be continuedvr remains unchanged and vr is the speed at which rotation to the lift off angle of attack is initiated so take off run take off distance and all engine take off distance remain unchanged

Question 94-16 : Which of the following answers is true ?

V1 is lower or equal to vr.

V1 critical engine failure speed or decision speed engine failure below this speed should result in an aborted takeoff above this speed the takeoff run should be continuedvr speed at which the rotation of the airplane is initiated to takeoff attitude this speed cannotbe less than v1 or less than 105 x vmca minimum control speed in the air vlof the speed at which the airplane first becomes airborne this is an engineering term used when the airplane is certificated and must meet certain requirements if it is not listed in the airplane flight manual it is within requirements and does not have to be taken into consideration by the pilotvmcg the minimum control speed in the ground 1459note vmca minimum control speed in the air is located between v1 and vr

Question 94-17 : The length of a clearway may be included in ?

The take off distance available.

1067

Question 94-18 : How does runway slope affect allowable take off mass assuming other factors remain constant and not limiting ?

A downhill slope increases allowable take off mass.

A downhill slope increases allowable take off massit will be easier to accelerate the aircraft assisted by the downhill component of weight therefore we can increase the mass and make 35 ft and v2 within toda however we will have to reduce v1 in case we have to stop with a heavier aircraft

Question 94-19 : Provided all other parameters stay constant which of the following alternatives will decrease the take off ground run ?

Decreased take off mass increased density increased flap setting.

Question 94-20 : The effect of increasing the flap setting from zero to the recommended take off setting on the length of take off distance required todr and the field length limited take off mass tom is ?

Decreased tod required and increased field length limited tom.

A larger flap selection will permit to take off earlier but will decrease the path climb angleif you have a weight limitation at take off due to the length of the runway by choosing a larger flap setting you will permit to reduce your take off run thus you can carry more weight

Question 94-21 : How is vmca influenced by increasing pressure altitude ?

Vmca decreases with increasing pressure altitude.

Vmc speeds are cas based it means they are not affected by the air density vmca is a controlling speed with one engine inoperativeas the altitude increases we get less asymmetric thrust therefore the controlling speed of vmca decreasesincrease in pressure altitude means less thrust or more correctly less asymmetric thrust the controlling speed reduces as the thrust reduces

Question 94-22 : Which one of the following is not affected by a tail wind ?

The climb limited take off mass.

The climb limited take off mass cltom is a gradient requirement under the certification rules cs25 it is an air gradient based upon pressure altitude and temperature and is unaffected by wind

Question 94-23 : Which statement is correct ?

Vr must not be less than 105 vmca and not less than v1.

V1 critical engine failure speed or decision speed engine failure below this speed should result in an aborted takeoff above this speed the takeoff run should be continuedvr speed at which the rotation of the airplane is initiated to takeoff attitude this speed cannotbe less than v1 or less than 105 x vmca minimum control speed in the air vlof the speed at which the airplane first becomes airborne this is an engineering term used when the airplane is certificated and must meet certain requirements if it is not listed in the airplane flight manual it is within requirements and does not have to be taken into consideration by the pilotvmcg the minimum control speed in the ground 1459note vmca minimum control speed in the air is located between v1 and vr

Question 94-24 : Which of the following represents the minimum for v1 ?

Vmcg.

1459note vmca minimum control speed in the air is located between v1 and vr

Question 94-25 : In the event of engine failure below v1 the first action to be taken by the pilot in order to decelerate the aeroplane is to ?

Reduce the engine thrust.

Question 94-26 : If the antiskid system is inoperative which of the following statements is true ?

The accelerate stop distance increases.

Antiskid system the hydraulic system provides antiskid protection when the system detects a skid the associated antiskid valve reduces brake pressure until skidding stopsan inoperative anti skid system will increase the stop distance thus our asda is increased and v1 need to be decreasedtake off with anti skid inoperative is permitted under condition

Question 94-27 : Other factors remaining constant and not limiting how does increasing pressure altitude affect allowable take off mass ?

Allowable take off mass decreases.

Density decreases with altitude less density will reduce take off thrust available allowable take off mass will decrease

Question 94-28 : If there is a tail wind the climb limited tom take off mass will ?

Not be affected.

Question 94-29 : Which of the following sets of factors will increase the climb limited tom every factor considered independently ?

Low flap setting low pressure altitude low oat.

Low flap setting a higher flap setting will reduce the takeoff ground run for a given aircraft weight but it will reduce climb limited tom the flaps will reduce the best angle of attack therefore the maximum climb slope will be reduced low flap setting permits a better climb anglelow pressure altitude density is higher lift is increaselow oat cold air means that density increase lift inscreases the climb limited tom is increased

Question 94-30 : The requirements with regard to take off flight path and the climb segments are only specified for ?

The failure of the critical engine on a multi engines aeroplane.

Question 94-31 : A head wind will ?

Increase the climb flight path angle.

Question 94-32 : Assuming that the required lift exists which forces determine an aeroplane's angle of climb ?

Weight drag and thrust.

Question 94-33 : How does the best angle of climb and best rate of climb vary with increasing altitude for an aeroplane with a normal aspirated piston engine ?

Both decrease.

The higher you go the less power you will haveyou can increase the angle of climb only if you have an excess of thrust or a rate of climb excess power

Question 94-34 : An operator shall ensure that the net take off flight path clears all obstacles the half width of the obstacle corridor at the distance d from the end of the toda is at least ?

90 m + 0125 d.

Take off obstacle clearance a an operator shall ensure that the take off flight path with one engine inoperative clears all obstacles by a vertical margin of at least 50 ft or by a horizontal distance of at least 90 m plus 0125 x d where d is the horizontal distance the aeroplane has travelled from the end of the take off distance available for aeroplanes with a wingspan of less than 60 m a horizontal obstacle clearance of half the aeroplane wingspan plus 60 m plus 0125 x d may be used

Question 94-35 : What is the effect of tail wind on the time to climb to a given altitude ?

The time to climb does not change.

Question 94-36 : The angle of climb with flaps extended compared to that with flaps retracted will normally be ?

Smaller.

We assume same mass and same speed same vertical speed all other conditions unchanged angle of climb will be smaller with flaps extended compared to that with flaps retracted for the same vertical speed center of pressure moves aft when flaps are extended thus we have to lower the nose

Question 94-37 : Vx and vy with take off flaps will be ?

Lower than that for clean configuration.

Vx is best angle of climb speed and vy is best rate of climb speed they occur at the point where there is the biggest gap between thrust and drag vx and power required and power available vy 1068the deployment of flap increases profile drag which moves the red drag curve up and left you can see that vmd which is vx for a jet moves left and the gap closes between thrust available and drag so vx decreases and the angle of climb decreases 1069the power required curve also moves up and left with the increase in drag and the point of vy moves left and the gap closes between power required and power availablevx and vy with take off flaps will be lower than that for clean configuration

Question 94-38 : Other factors remaining constant how does increasing altitude affect vx and vy in terms of tas ?

Both will increase.

Best explanation ever pdf929

Question 94-39 : Considering tas for maximum range and maximum endurance other factors remaining constant ?

Both will increase with increasing altitude.

In flight maximum range speed and maximum endurance speed are easuse the very simple ertm diagram ertm for e as r as rectified air speed or cas t as m ach 1960the easias line is vertical tas increase with increasing altitude

Question 94-40 : Given that vef= critical engine failure speedvmcg= ground minimum control speedvmca= air minimum control speedvmu= minimum unstick speedv1= take off decision speedvr= rotation speedv2 min= minimum take off safety speedthe correct formula is ?

Vmcg is less than or equal to vef is less than v1.

vmcg it is the minimum speed on ground at which when the critical engine becomes inoperative it is possible to recover control of the airplane with the use of primary aerodynamic control alonethis maneuver must follow the guidelines to steer only aerodynamic forces may be used nose wheel steering is not used rudder force may not exceed 150 lbs cs 25107 take off speeds a v1 must be established in relation to vef as follows 1 vef is the calibrated airspeed at which the critical engine is assumed to fail vef must be selected by the applicant but may not be less than vmcg determined under cs 25149 e 2 v1 in terms of calibrated airspeed is selected by the applicant however v1 may not be less than vef plus the speed gained with the critical engine inoperative during thetime interval between the instant at which the critical engine is failed and the instant atwhich the pilot recognises and reacts to the engine failure as indicated by the pilot'sinitiation of the first action eg applying brakes reducing thrust deploying speed brakes to stop the aeroplane during accelerate stop tests