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Question 11-1 : Instrument departure procedure wind correction .flying an instrument departure procedure pilots are expected to ? [ Correction orientation ]

Correct the track for known wind to remain within the protected airspace

Doc 8168 procedures aircraft operations volume i .1 3 instrument departure procedure. 1 3 3 wind effect . .1 3 3 1 when flying departure routes expressed as tracks or bearings the pilot shall compensate for known or .estimated winds .1 3 3 2 when being vectored the pilot should not compensate for wind effects exemple 111 Correct the track for known wind to remain within the protected airspace.

Question 11-2 : Instrument departure procedures obstacle clearance .the minimum obstacle clearance at the departure end of runway der equals ?

0 ft

Icao doc 8168 volume 1. 1 4 obstacle clearance .1 4 1 the minimum obstacle clearance equals zero at the departure end of the runway der from that point it increases by 0 8 per cent of the horizontal distance in the direction of flight assuming a maximum turn of 15° exemple 115 0 ft.

Question 11-3 : 'instrument runways' are the following runways intended for the operation of aircraft using instrument approach procedures ?

Non precision approach runways precision approach runways category i ii and iii

Instrument runway .a runway equipped with visual and electronic navigational aids for which a precision or a nonprecision approach with straight in landing minimums has been approved there may be more than one instrument runway on an airfield the various types of instrument runways are the .i non precision approach runway an instrument runway served by visual aids and a nonvisual aid providing at least directional guidance adequate for a straight in approach .ii precision approach runway category i an instrument runway served by an ils instrument landing system and/or an mls microwave landing system and visual aids intended for operations with a decision height not lower than 200 ft .iii precision approach runway category ii an instrument runway served by an ils and/or an mls and visual aids intended for operation with a decision height lower than 200 ft but not lower than 100 ft .iv precision approach runway category iii an instrument runway served by an ils and/or an mls and visual aids intended for operation with a decision height lower than 100 ft exemple 119 Non precision approach runways, precision approach runways category i, ii and iii.

Question 11-4 : The initial section of a missed approach procedure ends ?

When established in climb

exemple 123 When established in climb.

Question 11-5 : Minimum level ifr .over high terrain or mountainous areas where no minimum flight altitude has been established flights in accordance with ifr shall be flown at a level which is at least ?

2000 ft above the highest obstacle located within 8 km of the estimated position of the aircraft

1000 ft and 8 km when not flying over high terrain or mountainous areas .2000 ft and 8 km over high terrain or mountainous areas exemple 127 2000 ft above the highest obstacle located within 8 km of the estimated position of the aircraft.

Question 11-6 : Oca.an oca is referenced to ?

Mean sea level

Oca means 'obstacle clearance altitude' it refers to mean sea level exemple 131 Mean sea level.

Question 11-7 : Ssr transponder.pilots shall not squawk ident unless they ?

Are requested by atc

Pilots must only squawk idet if requested by atc exemple 135 Are requested by atc.

Question 11-8 : Ssr transponder.when the aircraft carries serviceable mode c transponder the pilot shall continuously operate this mode ?

Unless otherwise directed by atc

This question asks about the operation of mode c height encoding and you operate this mode all the time unless asked to switch it off by atc because it is inaccurate exemple 139 Unless otherwise directed by atc.

Question 11-9 : Ssr transponder.when acknowledging mode / code setting instructions pilots shall ?

Read back the mode and code to be set

exemple 143 Read back the mode and code to be set.

Question 11-10 : Ssr transponder.when an aircraft is subjected to unlawful interference the pilot in command shall indicate the situation by setting the transponder to mode a code ?

A 7500

7600 if radio failure 7500 if hijack 7700 emergency . doc 4444 .15 1 3 unlawful interference and aircraft bomb threat.15 1 3 2 whenever unlawful interference with an aircraft is suspected and where automatic distinct display of ssr mode a code 7500 and code 7700 is not provided the controller shall attempt to verify any suspicion by setting the ssr decoder to mode a code 7500 and thereafter to code 7700 .note an aircraft equipped with an ssr transponder is expected to operate the transponder on mode a code 7500 to indicate specifically that it is the subject of unlawful interference the aircraft may operate the transponder on mode a code 7700 to indicate that it is threatened by grave and imminent danger and requires immediate assistance an aircraft equipped with other surveillance system transmitters including ads b and ads c might send the emergency and/or urgency signal by all of the available means exemple 147 A 7500.

Question 11-11 : Ssr transponder.ssr means ?

Secondary surveillance radar

Doc 4444 .secondary surveillance radar ssr a surveillance radar system which uses transmitters/receivers interrogators and transponders .primary surveillance radar psr a surveillance radar system which uses reflected radio signals exemple 151 Secondary surveillance radar.

Question 11-12 : Ssr transponder.when an aircraft carries a serviceable transponder the pilot shall operate the transponder ?

At all times during flight regardless of whether the aircraft is within or outside airspace where ssr is used for ats purposes

exemple 155 At all times during flight, regardless of whether the aircraft is within or outside airspace where ssr is used for ats purposes.

Question 11-13 : Ssr special codes.atc has assigned you the transponder code 5320 in case of loosing two way radio communication you have to squawk ?

Mode a code 7600

exemple 159 Mode a code 7600.

Question 11-14 : Standard instrument departure procedures straight departures .a straight departure is one in which the initial departure track does not deviate from the alignment of the extended runway centre line by more than ?

15°

Doc 8168 chapter 2 standard instrument departure .2 2 straight departures.2 2 1 alignment.2 2 1 1 a straight departure is one in which the initial departure track is within 15° of the alignment of the runway centre line exemple 163 15°.

Question 11-15 : The tolerance value used to determine that mode c derived level information displayed to the controller is accurate shall be ?

+/ 300 ft

Icao doc 4444 'procedures for air navigation services air traffic management' .8 5 5 level information based onthe use of pressure altitude information.8 5 5 1 verification of level information.8 5 5 1 1 the tolerance value used to determine that pressure altitude derived level information displayed to the controller is accurate shall be + or 60 m + or 200 ft in rvsm airspace in other airspace it shall be + or 90 m + or 300 ft except that the appropriate ats authority may specify a smaller criterion but not less than + or 60 m + or 200 ft if this is found to be more practical geometric height information shall not be used for separation exemple 167 +/- 300 ft.

Question 11-16 : The visual contact with the runway is lost on the down wind leg while circling to land following an instrument approach you have to initiate a go around ?

Make an initial climbing turn towards the runway and initiate the missed approach procedure

Icao doc 8168 volume 1.7 4 missed approach procedure while circling.7 4 1 if visual reference is lost while circling to land from an instrument approach the missed approach specified for that particular procedure must be followed the pilot will make an initial climbing turn toward the landing runway and overhead the aerodrome at this point the pilot will establish the aircraft climbing on the missed approach track .7 4 2 the circling manoeuvre may be carried out in more than one direction for this reason different patterns are required to establish the aircraft on the prescribed missed approach course depending on its position at the time visual reference is lost . 734 exemple 171 Make an initial climbing turn towards the runway and initiate the missed approach procedure.

Question 11-17 : Ssr transponder.when the transponder appears to be unserviceable prior to departure and restore is impossible than ?

Departure to the nearest suitable airport where repair can be effected is allowed

If a transponder fails before departure you need atc permission to go to a repair base if you can't fix it .atc must be informed preferably before the fligh plan is submitted in the flight plan insert the letter n at item 10 comply with any published procedures for seeking exception from carrying a functioning ssr transponder and if so required fly directly to the nearest suitable aerodrome for repairs exemple 175 Departure to the nearest suitable airport where repair can be effected is allowed.

Question 11-18 : Ssr transponder.which code shall be used on mode 'a' to provide recognition of an aircraft subjected to unlawful interference ?

Code 7500

Distress/general emergency 7700 .unlawful interference/hijacking 7500 .communication failure 7600 exemple 179 Code 7500.

Question 11-19 : Ssr transponder.which code shall be used on mode 'a' to provide recognition of an emergency aircraft ?

Code 7700

Distress/general emergency 7700 .unlawful interference/hijacking 7500 .communication failure 7600 exemple 183 Code 7700.

Question 11-20 : Which of the following correctly lists special purpose codes that are to be used in conjunction with secondary surveillance radar ssr ?

Distress 7700 hijacking 7500 communication failure 7600

exemple 187 Distress 7700. hijacking 7500. communication failure 7600.

Question 11-21 : When should the latest qnh altimeter setting for the aerodrome be obtained ?

Prior to descending below the transition level

exemple 191 Prior to descending below the transition level.

Question 11-22 : When should the flight crew shall be provided with the transition level ?

In due time prior to reaching it during descent

exemple 195 In due time prior to reaching it during descent.

Question 11-23 : The calculated height of the transition altitude shall be rounded up to the next full ?

1000 ft

Icao doc 8168 .2 1 2 transition altitude. .2 1 2 4 the height above the aerodrome of the transition altitude shall be as low as possible but normally not less than 900 m 3 000 ft .2 1 2 5 the calculated height of the transition altitude shall be rounded up to the next full 300 m 1000 ft exemple 199 1000 ft.

Question 11-24 : Omnidirectional departure normally allow departure in any direction if any restriction exist the restricted areas/sectors are described by means of ?

Bearings and distances

exemple 203 Bearings and distances.

Question 11-25 : Unless otherwise published or instructed by atc all turns after initial entry into the holding pattern shall be made into which direction ?

To the right

A standard holding pattern uses right hand turns and takes approximately 4 minutes to complete one minute for each 180 degree turn and two one minute straight ahead sections exemple 207 To the right.

Question 11-26 : Altimeter pressure settings provided to aircraft shall be rounded ?

Down to the next hectopascal

exemple 211 Down to the next hectopascal.

Question 11-27 : For the construction of precision approaches which is the operationally preferred glide path angle ?

3°

Icao doc 8168 . 5 6 precision approach glide path angle/elevation angle .for ils/mls/gls the following minimum optimum and maximum glide path angles/elevation angles are established .minimum 2 5°.optimum 3 0°.maximum 3 5° 3° for cat ii/iii operations exemple 215 3°.

Question 11-28 : In an instrument approach procedures what is the name of segment connecting initial and final approach segments ?

Intermediate segment

Doc 8168 chapter 4 .intermediate approach segment.this is the segment during which the aircraft speed and configuration should be adjusted to prepare the aircraft for final approach for this reason the descent gradient is kept as shallow as possible .during the intermediate approach the obstacle clearance requirement reduces from 300 m 984 ft to 150 m 492 ft in the primary area reducing laterally to zero at the outer edge of the secondary area . 714 exemple 219 Intermediate segment.

Question 11-29 : The fixes connecting the arrival segment and final approach fix or point are ?

Iaf and if

Ecqb october 2017 ulc/caa poland .. 714.iaf initial approach fix.if intermediate fix.faf/fap final approach fix or point .mapt missed approach point exemple 223 Iaf and if.

Question 11-30 : When should the flight crew shall be provided with the transition level ?

Before beginning the initial approach to an aerodrome

Ecqb04 october 2017..icao doc8168 . 3 5 approach and landing .3 5 1 before beginning the initial approach to an aerodrome the number of the transition level shall be obtained . note the transition level is normally obtained from the appropriate air traffic services unit .3 5 2 before descending below the transition level the latest qnh altimeter setting for the aerodrome shall be obtained .note the latest qnh altimeter setting for the aerodrome is normally obtained from the appropriate air traffic.services unit .3 5 3 as the aircraft descends through the transition level the reference for the vertical position of the aircraft shall be changed from flight levels 1 013 2 hpa to altitudes qnh from this point on the vertical position of the aircraft shall be expressed in terms of altitudes exemple 227 Before beginning the initial approach to an aerodrome.

Question 11-31 : Approach segments .in an instrument approach procedures during the intermediate segment ?

The aircraft speed and configuration should be adjusted to prepare the aircraft for final approach

Doc 8168 chapter 4 .intermediate approach segment.this is the segment during which the aircraft speed and configuration should be adjusted to prepare the aircraft for final approach for this reason the descent gradient is kept as shallow as possible . 714.the final approach segment is the segment in which alignment and descent for landing are made exemple 231 The aircraft speed and configuration should be adjusted to prepare the aircraft for final approach.

Question 11-32 : Approach segments .in an instrument approach procedures during the initial segment ?

The aircraft leaves the en route structure and is manoeuvring to enter the intermediate approach.segment

Ecqb04 november 2017..doc 8168 chapter 4 .the initial approach segment begins at the initial approach fix iaf and ends at the intermediate fix if .in the initial approach the aircraft has left the en route structure and is manoeuvring to enter the intermediate approach segment .intermediate approach segment.this is the segment during which the aircraft speed and configuration should be adjusted to prepare the aircraft for final approach for this reason the descent gradient is kept as shallow as possible . 714.the final approach segment is the segment in which alignment and descent for landing are made exemple 235 The aircraft leaves the en-route structure and is manoeuvring to enter the intermediate approachxsxsegment.

Question 11-33 : According to icao 8168 regarding omnidirectional departures you would expect ?

No navigation aids and sectors to be avoided

Omnidirectional departure.in cases where no track guidance is provided departure procedures are designed using the omnidirectional method .restrictions for omnidirectional departure .. sectors to be avoided . sectors in which minimum gradients and/or minimum altitudes to ensure the aircraft safety is required to overfly any obstacles .note sectors are described by bearings and distances from the centre of a specific area exemple 239 No navigation aids and sectors to be avoided.

Question 11-34 : What is the purpose of the commission regulation eu no 965/2012 of 5 october 2012 ?

Lay down detailed rules for commercial air transport operations with aeroplanes and helicopters including ramp inspections of aircraft of operators under the safety oversight of another state when landed at aerodromes located in the territory subject to the provisions of the treaty

Commission regulation eu no 965/2012 of 5 october 2012 . article 1 subject matter and scope this regulation lays down detailed rules for commercial air transport operations with aeroplanes and helicopters including ramp inspections of aircraft of operators under the safety oversight of another state when landed at aerodromes located in the territory subject to the provisions of the treaty this regulation also lays down detailed rules on the conditions for issuing maintaining amending limiting suspending or revoking the certificates of operators of aircraft referred to in article 4 1 b and c of regulation ec no 216/2008 engaged in commercial air transport operations the privileges and responsibilities of the holders of certificates as well as conditions under which operations shall be prohibited limited or subject to certain conditions in the interest of safety

Question 11-35 : The cruising levels at which a flight or a portion of a flight is to be conducted shall be in terms of… ?

Flight levels if the flight is at or above the lowest usable flight level

There has been a lot of discussion over this question – we will try to explain it in line with the regulation .easa seems to distinguish between flights enroute cruising levels and flights in the vicinity of aerodromes in this case the regulation that concerns us is the one related to cruising levels .. 'flight levels if the flight is at or above the lowest usable flight level ' correct see regulation below . 'flight levels for flights in and above the transition layer ' wrong see regulation below . 'heights if the flight is below the transition layer ' wrong the regulation does not refer to heights only altitudes and flight levels . 'altitudes if the flight is above the lowest usable flight level ' wrong at or above the lowest usable flight level flights shall be conducted in 'flight levels' ..rules of the air annex 2.chapter 3 general rules.3 1 3 cruising levels.the cruising levels at which a flight or a portion of a flight is to be conducted shall be in terms of .a flight levels for flights at or above the lowest usable flight level or where applicable above the transition altitude .b altitudes for flights below the lowest usable flight level or where applicable at or below the transition altitude .note — the system of flight levels is prescribed in the procedures for air navigation services — aircraft operations doc 8168 .icao doc 4444.1 for flights in the vicinity of aerodromes and within terminal control areas the vertical position of aircraft shall except as provided for in 4 10 1 2 be expressed in terms of altitudes at or below the transition altitude and in terms of flight levels at or above the transition level while passing through the transition layer vertical position shall be expressed in terms of flight levels when climbing and in terms of altitudes when descending exemple 247 Flight levels, if the flight is at or above the lowest usable flight level.

Question 11-36 : The cruising levels at which a flight is conducted shall be expressed in terms of… ?

Altitudes for flights at or below the transition altitude

There has been a lot of discussion over this question – we will try to explain it in line with the regulation easa seems to distinguish between flights enroute cruising levels and flights in the vicinity of aerodromes in this case the regulation that concerns us is the one related to cruising levels heights for flights below the transition layer wrong the regulation does not refer to heights only altitudes and flight levels altitudes for flights at or below the transition altitude correct see regulation below altitudes for flights at or below the lowest usable flight level wrong what makes this option incorrect is the fact that it states at or below when the regulation only says below flight levels for flights in and above the transition layer wrong see regulation below rules of the air annex 2.chapter 3 general rules.3 1 3 cruising levelsthe cruising levels at which a flight or a portion of a flight is to be conducted shall be in terms of a flight levels for flights at or above the lowest usable flight level or where applicable above the transition altitude .b altitudes for flights below the lowest usable flight level or where applicable at or below the transition altitude note — the system of flight levels is prescribed in the procedures for air navigation services — aircraft operations doc 8168 icao doc 44441 for flights in the vicinity of aerodromes and within terminal control areas the vertical position of aircraft shall except as provided for in 4 10 1 2 be expressed in terms of altitudes at or below the transition altitude and in terms of flight levels at or above the transition level while passing through the transition layer vertical position shall be expressed in terms of flight levels when climbing and in terms of altitudes when descending note we are aware that some databases may have a different correct option which is as follows altitudes for flights below the lowest usable flight level we do not have that option instead we have one which states at or below => making it incorrect exemple 251 Altitudes, for flights at or below the transition altitude.

Question 11-37 : What is the turn made by an aircraft during the initial approach to the runway between the end of the outbound track and the beginning of the intermediate or final approach track where the tracks are not reciprocal ?

Base turn

Refer to figure . .icao doc 8168 . .chapter 1 definitions.procedure turn a manoeuvre in which a turn is made away from a designated track followed by a turn in the opposite direction to permit the aircraft to intercept and proceed along the reciprocal of the designated track .racetrack procedure a procedure designed to enable the aircraft to reduce altitude during the initial approach segment and/or establish the aircraft inbound when the entry into a reversal procedure is not practical .base turn a turn executed by the aircraft during the initial approach between the end of the outbound track and the beginning of the intermediate or final approach track the tracks are not reciprocal exemple 255 Base turn.

Question 11-38 : A turning departure is one in which the initial departure track deviates from the alignment of the extended runway centre line by more than ?

15°

Icao doc 8168.2 2 straight departures.2 2 1 1 a straight departure is one in which the initial departure track is within 15° of the alignment of the runway centre line .2 3 turning departures.2 3 1 when a departure route requires a turn of more than 15° it is called a turning departure straight flight is assumed until reaching an altitude/height of at least 120 m 394 ft or 90 m 295 ft for helicopters procedures normally cater for turns at a point 600 m from the beginning of the runway however in some cases turns may not be initiated before the der or a specified point and this information will be noted on the departure chart exemple 259 15°

Question 11-39 : Standard instrument departure procedures – straight departures – in a straight departure the initial track does not deviate from the alignment of the extended runway centre line by more than… ?

15 degrees

Icao doc 8168.2 2 straight departures.2 2 1 1 a straight departure is one in which the initial departure track is within 15° of the alignment of the runway centre line .2 3 turning departures.2 3 1 when a departure route requires a turn of more than 15° it is called a turning departure straight flight is assumed until reaching an altitude/height of at least 120 m 394 ft or 90 m 295 ft for helicopters procedures normally cater for turns at a point 600 m from the beginning of the runway however in some cases turns may not be initiated before the der or a specified point and this information will be noted on the departure chart exemple 263 15 degrees.

Question 11-40 : Omnidirectional departures normally allow departures in any direction if any restrictions exist the restricted sectors are described by means of ?

Bearings and distance

Icao doc 8168.4 3 omnidirectional departures.4 3 1 omnidirectional departures normally allow departures in any direction restrictions are expressed as .a sectors to be avoided or.b sectors having minimum gradients and/or minimum altitudes .4 3 2 sectors are described by bearings and distance from the centre of area 3 .4 3 3 when more than one sector is involved the published minimum gradient will be the highest of any sector that may be expected to be overflown .4 3 4 the altitude to which the minimum gradient is specified will permit the aircraft to continue at the 3 3 per cent helicopters 5 per cent minimum gradient through that sector a succeeding sector or to an altitude authorized for another phase of flight i e en route holding or approach see figure i 3 1 2 in chapter 1 of this section .4 3 5 a fix may also be designated to mark the point at which a gradient in excess of 3 3 per cent helicopters 5 per cent is no longer required exemple 267 Bearings and distance.


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