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Question 119-1 : The first stage in the information process is ? [ Training professional ]

Sensory stimulation

.sensory stimulation is the first stage in the information process and the basis of perception is the intensity of the stimulus exemple 219 Sensory stimulation.

Question 119-2 : To prevent vertigo in flight we should ?

Not move the head suddenly while we are turning

exemple 223 Not move the head suddenly while we are turning.

Question 119-3 : When flying at night the first sense to be affected by a slight degree of hypoxia is the ?

Vision

exemple 227 Vision.

Question 119-4 : The carcinogen a substance with the ability to produce modifications in cells which develop a cancer in cigarettes is ?

Tar

exemple 231 Tar.

Question 119-5 : One of the substances present in the smoke of cigarettes can make it significantly more difficult for the red blood cells to transport oxygen and as a consequence contributes to hypoxia .which substance are we referring to ?

Carbon monoxide

exemple 235 Carbon monoxide.

Question 119-6 : The group of tiny bones the hammer anvil and stirrup are situated in ?

The middle ear

exemple 239 The middle ear.

Question 119-7 : The semicircular canals form part of the ?

Inner ear


Question 119-8 : The coriolis effect in spatial disorientation occurs as a result of ?

Simultaneous stimulation of several semicircular canals

.coriolis illusion effect the illusion of rotation or movement in an entirely different axis caused by an abrupt head movement while in a prolonged constant rate turn that has ceased to stimulate the brain s motion sensing system this involves the simultaneous stimulation of two semicircular canals and is associated with a sudden tilting forward or backwards of the pilot's head while the aircraft is turning this can occur when tilting the head down to look at an approach chart or to write on the knee pad or up to look at an overhead instrument or switch or sideways this can produce an overpowering sensation that the aircraft is rolling pitching and yawing all at the same time which can be compared with the sensation of rolling down a hillside this illusion can make the pilot quickly become disoriented and lose control of the aircraft exemple 247 Simultaneous stimulation of several semicircular canals.

Question 119-9 : The part s of the eye responsible for night vision ?

Are the rods

exemple 251 Are the rods.

Question 119-10 : The fovea ?

Is an area in which cones predominate

exemple 255 Is an area in which cones predominate.

Question 119-11 : When the optical image forms in front of the retina this results in ?

Myopia

exemple 259 Myopia.

Question 119-12 : Noise induced hearing loss is influenced by ?

The duration and intensity of a noise

exemple 263 The duration and intensity of a noise.

Question 119-13 : In order to reduce the risk of coronary artery disease exercise should ?

Double the resting heart rate for at least 20 minutes three times a week

exemple 267 Double the resting heart rate for at least 20 minutes, three times a week.

Question 119-14 : The physiological rhythms of a pilot in a new time zone will resynchronise to this new time zone at a rate of about ?

1 1 5 hours a day

It takes about a day to shift one time zone .the internal circadian clock adapts slowly to abrupt changes of time cues the rate of adaptation has been reported to follow a number of models rates of one hour per day without countermeasures or quicker adaptation during the first days have all been quoted however since the adaptation is highly dependent on the individual to the direction of flight to the number of time zones crossed to exposure to environmental cues any simplistic formula is inappropriate .the direction of the time zone change is particularly important in general adaptation after eastbound travel is much slower than after westbound flight .example during summer after a flight from london to kuala lumpur malaysia the time change is 7h it will take 7 to 10 days to acclimate to the new time zone exemple 271 1 - 1.5 hours a day.

Question 119-15 : The duration of a period of sleep is governed primarily by ?

The point within your circadian rhythm at which you try to sleep

.the timing of adult sleep is governed by circadian rhythms physiological changes that follow a 24 hour cycle many of these changes are influenced by your exposure to light .when you expose yourself to sunlight each morning you help maintain your internal clock even if you are sleep deprived morning light exposure helps ensure that you will be more alert during the day than you are at night as the day wears on and darkness falls your body begins to produce less cortisol a hormone that keeps you alert and more melatonin the hormone of drowsiness when you expose yourself to bright artificial lighting in the evening particularly to lights that include the blue part of the spectrum you delay these changes and may find it harder to fall asleep exemple 275 The point within your circadian rhythm at which you try to sleep.

Question 119-16 : Hyperventilation is due to an excessive rate of breathing and can produce the following symptoms ?

Dizziness tingling sensation in the fingers and toes nausea and blurred vision

exemple 279 Dizziness, tingling sensation in the fingers and toes, nausea and blurred vision.

Question 119-17 : In order to get rid of excess nitrogen following scuba diving subsequent flights should be delayed ?

24 hours

exemple 283 24 hours.

Question 119-18 : During flight in imc instrument meteorological conditions the most reliable sense which should be used to overcome illusions is the ?

Visual sense interpreting the attitude indicator

exemple 287 Visual sense, interpreting the attitude indicator.

Question 119-19 : The chemical substance responsible for addiction to tobacco is ?

Nicotine

exemple 291 Nicotine.

Question 119-20 : It is inadvisable to fly when suffering from a cold the reason for this is ?

The tissue around the nasal end of the eustachian tube is likely to be swollen thus causing difficulty in equalising the pressure within the middle ear and the nasal/throat area pain and damage to the eardrum can result particularly during fast descents

exemple 295 The tissue around the nasal end of the eustachian tube is likely to be swollen thus causing difficulty in equalising the pressure within the middle ear and the nasal/throat area. pain and damage to the eardrum can result, particularly during fast descents.

Question 119-21 : Incapacitation is most dangerous when it is ?

Insidious

.insidious incapacitation is considered to be the most dangerous form of incapacitation as it sneaks up on you if you had an explosive decompression the onset of hypoxia and accompanying incapacitation would be very obvious and therefore hopefully something would be done about it .however if there was a slow decompression it is possible that things could go unnoticed with a resulting insidious onset of hypoxia/incapacitation and no action would be taken exemple 299 Insidious.

Question 119-22 : Concerning circadian rhythm disruption jet lag adjustment to destination time .1 takes longer when travelling west rather than travelling east.2 takes longer when travelling east rather than travelling west.3 varies little between individuals.4 varies substantially among individuals. ?

2 4

exemple 303 2, 4.

Question 119-23 : What seems to be the main role of orthodox sleep ?

It essentially allows for physical recovery

Admin .non rapid eye movement or 'nrem' is also called orthosleep or orthodoxsleep or slow wave sleep it is characterized by a slow alpha rhythm and the absence of rem it is involved in physical recovery .whereas rem sleep is called the paradoxical sleep mixture of alpha and beta rhythms which is involved in mental recuperation exemple 307 It essentially allows for physical recovery.

Question 119-24 : What are the main effects of a lack of sleep on performance ?

It increases fatigue reduces concentration and increases the risk of sensory illusions

exemple 311 It increases fatigue, reduces concentration and increases the risk of sensory illusions.

Question 119-25 : What is the effect of tiredness on attention ?

It reduces the ability to manage multiple matters

exemple 315 It reduces the ability to manage multiple matters.

Question 119-26 : Which of the following statements are correct .1 modern aircraft allow for 50 60% relative humidity in the cabin air under any conditions of flight which is satisfactory for the body.2 thirst is a belated symptom of dehydration. ?

2 3

exemple 319 2, 3.

Question 119-27 : With regard to central vision which of the following statements are correct .1 it is due to the functioning of rods .2 it enables details colours and movement to be seen .3 its very active both during the day and at night. ?

2 4

Options 1 and 3 are non runners as rods aren't in the central vision area cones are poor at night so choose the answer without them there's only one exemple 323 2, 4.

Question 119-28 : What is the procedure above 10000 ft altitude when faced with explosive decompression ?

Don an oxygen mask and descend to below 10000 ft

exemple 327 Don an oxygen mask and descend to below 10000 ft.

Question 119-29 : What is the approximate time of useful consciousness for a seated pilot following a rapid decompression at 35000 ft ?

45 seconds

Img /com en/com070 169 jpg. exemple 331 45 seconds.

Question 119-30 : Which is the procedure to be followed when symptoms of decompression sickness occur ?

Descend to the lowest possible level and land as soon as possible

exemple 335 Descend to the lowest possible level and land as soon as possible.

Question 119-31 : What is decompression sickness ?

A condition resulting from the formation of nitrogen bubbles in bodily tissues and fluids after a cabin pressure loss at high altitude

exemple 339 A condition resulting from the formation of nitrogen bubbles in bodily tissues and fluids after a cabin pressure loss at high altitude.

Question 119-32 : Noise induced hearing loss nihl is caused by ?

Damage to the sensitive membrane in the cochlea due to overexposure to noise

exemple 343 Damage to the sensitive membrane in the cochlea due to overexposure to noise.

Question 119-33 : Excessive exposure to noise can damage ?

The sensitive membrane in the cochlea

exemple 347 The sensitive membrane in the cochlea.

Question 119-34 : The inner ear is able to perceive .1 angular acceleration .2 linear acceleration .3 noise ?

1 and 2 and 3 are correct

. /com en/com040 324 jpg.the inner ear can be thought of as two organs the semicircular canals which serve as the body's balance organ the inner ear is able to detect acceleration deceleration posture and rotation and the cochlea which serves as the body's microphone converting sound pressure impulses from the outer ear into electrical impulses which are passed on to the brain via the auditory nerve exemple 351 1 and 2 and 3 are correct.

Question 119-35 : Visual disturbances can be caused by .1 hyperventilation.2 hypoxia.3 hypertension.4 fatigue ?

1 2 and 4 are correct

.symptoms of hyperventilation blurred tunnelling and clouding vision .hypoxic hypoxia symptoms vision is affected early colour perception is reduced and peripheral vision is gradually lost the light sensitive cells of the eye are particularly oxygen 'hungry' and a deterioration of night vision can occur at altitudes as low as 5000 ft tunnel vision develops making it necessary to make larger head movements to scan the instruments and the external environment .fatigue symptoms diminished vision reduced scan exemple 355 1, 2 and 4 are correct.

Question 119-36 : Disorientation is more likely to occur when the pilot is .1 flying in imc.2 frequently changing between inside and outside references.3 flying from imc into vmc.4 approaching over still water at night ?

1 2 and 4 are correct

Visual references help to rectify disorientation exemple 359 1, 2 and 4 are correct.

Question 119-37 : Positive linear acceleration when flying in imc instrument meteorological conditions may cause a false sensation of ?

Pitching up

exemple 363 Pitching up.

Question 119-38 : Linear acceleration when flying straight and level in imc instrumental meteorological conditions may give the illusion of ?

Climbing

exemple 367 Climbing.

Question 119-39 : Which of the following are the most favourable solutions to manage phases of reduced or low vigilance hypovigilance .1 healthy living.2 use of amphetamines.3 reducing the intensity of the light.4 organising periods of rest during the flight ?

1 4

exemple 371 1, 4.

Question 119-40 : During gas exchange the partial pressure of carbon dioxide in the alveoli is ?

Lower than in the blood

exemple 375 Lower than in the blood.


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