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Question 123-1 : Flying immediately after scuba diving involves the risk of getting ? [ Preparation civilian ]

Decompression sickness without having a decompression

exemple 223 Decompression sickness without having a decompression.

Question 123-2 : Which statement is correct .1 smokers have a greater chance of suffering from coronary heart disease.2 smoking tobacco will raise the individuals physiological altitude during flight.3 smokers have a greater chance of contracting lung cancer ?

1 2 and 3 are correct

.raising the physiological altitude means that the body will think that it is at a higher altitude so if the cabin altitude is 8000 ft the body may act as if it is at 10000 ft .this is due to the reduction in oxygen that the lungs can take in due to all the tar exemple 227 1, 2 and 3 are correct.

Question 123-3 : Co carbon monoxide present in the smoke of cigarettes can lead to .1 reduction of time of useful consciousness.2 hypoxia at a lower altitude than normal ?

1 and 2 are both correct

exemple 231 1 and 2 are both correct.

Question 123-4 : Carbon monoxide in the human body can lead to .1 loss of muscular power.2 headache.3 impaired judgement.4 pain in the joints.5 loss of consciousness ?

1 2 3 and 5 are correct

exemple 235 1, 2, 3 and 5 are correct.

Question 123-5 : Adverse effects of carbon monoxide increase as ?

Altitude increases

exemple 239 Altitude increases.

Question 123-6 : Disturbance of the biological clock is most likely to appear after a .1 bad night's sleep.2 day flight amsterdam new york.3 day flight amsterdam johannesburg.4 night flight new york amsterdam ?

2 and 4 are correct

.sleep has a restorative function and is essential for mental performance sleep deprivation and disturbance can reduce alertness and attention but a bad night's sleep will not disturbate the biological clock .disturbance of the biological clock is most likely to appear after long distance transmeridian air travel such as amsterdam new york or new york amsterdam flights .amsterdam johannesburg has no significant time zone change .jet lag is the common term for disturbance or desynchronization of body rhythms

Question 123-7 : The effects of sleep deprivation on performance .1 increase with altitude .2 decrease with altitude .3 increase with higher workload .4 decrease with higher workload .which of the following lists all the correct statements ?

1 and 3 are correct

exemple 247 1 and 3 are correct.

Question 123-8 : Sleeplessness or the disruption of sleeping patterns.1 can lead to symptoms of drowsiness irritability and lack of concentration.2 will make an individual more prone to make errors ?

1 and 2 are both correct

exemple 251 1 and 2 are both correct.

Question 123-9 : Which of the following statements is/are correct .1 a person experiencing sleep loss is unlikely to be aware of personal performance degradation.2 performance loss may be present up to 20 minutes after awaking from a short sleep nap ?

1 and 2 are both correct

.the biggest danger of sleep deprivation is that it's difficult to recognise the signs until it's too late like falling asleep when driving exemple 255 1 and 2 are both correct.

Question 123-10 : The sleep cycles repeat during the course of a night's sleep .1 each succeeding cycle contains a greater amount of rem sleep .2 frequent interruption of the rem sleep may be harmful ?

1 and 2 are both correct

Admin .both statements are correct each succeeding cycle contains a greater amount of rem sleep and rem sleep is more important for the regeneration of mental functions than all the other sleep stages are frequent interruption of the rem sleep may be harmful rem sleep is involved in mental recuperation exemple 259 1 and 2 are both correct.

Question 123-11 : If someone hyperventilates due to stress his/her blood will become ?

More alkaline

exemple 263 More alkaline.

Question 123-12 : What can be said concerning the following two statements .1 euphoria can be a symptom of hypoxia .2 someone in an euphoric condition is more prone to error ?

1 and 2 are both correct

exemple 267 1 and 2 are both correct.

Question 123-13 : On experiencing a vestibular illusion in straight and level flight it is recommended that ?

You avoid head movements and rely on your instruments

exemple 271 You avoid head movements and rely on your instruments.

Question 123-14 : Among the symptoms of hypoglycaemia are ?

Headache and lack of concentration

exemple 275 Headache and lack of concentration.

Question 123-15 : To prevent gastro intestinal problems in tropical climates you should .1 not eat salad or raw vegetables.2 always peel fruit.3 only eat food that has been properly cooked.4 avoid ice cream.which of the following lists all the correct answers ?

1 2 3 and 4

.food and beverage hygiene act as a exposure prophylaxis against travel diarrhoea and other intestinal infections . only use fresh boiled tea coffee or originally bottled and sealed beverages. in the field use water filters iodine etc for water treatment. no ice into drinks no ice cream. no raw milk or dairy products. only well done or well boiled meat or fish. avoid raw fish and raw seafood. no raw salad only fruits that can be peeled by oneself or under ones own supervision. no dishes with cold dressings e g ketchup mayonnaise or products of raw eggs. no sandwiches with salad or mayonnaise. avoid dishes that have been kept warm for long periods of time the fresh and thorough preparation of food is essential . thorough hand and body hygiene. use mineral water for brushing teeth. avoid tableware and cutlery that may have cleaned in dirty water if applicable drinking from bottle or can . peel it boil it or forget it exemple 279 1, 2, 3 and 4.

Question 123-16 : To resynchronize a circadian rhythm it takes more time after ?

Eastbound flights

exemple 283 Eastbound flights.

Question 123-17 : Caffeine may cause an increase in cardiac rate restlessness/nervousness insomnia anxiety and intestinal irritability excessive consumption is considered to be in excess of ?

250 mg/day

exemple 287 250 mg/day.

Question 123-18 : Carbon monoxide poisoning can be treated by ?

Increasing the amount of oxygen being physically dissolved in the blood

exemple 291 Increasing the amount of oxygen being physically dissolved in the blood.

Question 123-19 : Hypoxic hypoxia may be caused by .1 climbing to a high altitude without using additional oxygen.2 malfunction in the oxygen supply system.3 loss of cabin pressurization at high altitude.which of the following lists all the correct answers ?

1 2 and 3

exemple 295 1, 2 and 3.

Question 123-20 : In order to avoid hypoglycaemia ?

A pilot should eat regularly and ensure he/she has a balanced diet

exemple 299 A pilot should eat regularly and ensure he/she has a balanced diet.

Question 123-21 : In the case of changes to circadian rhythms the readjustment to a new time zone ?

Is most rapid when flying westbound

exemple 303 Is most rapid when flying westbound.

Question 123-22 : In tropical zones it is recommended that ?

Cold drinks be taken from sealed containers

exemple 307 Cold drinks be taken from sealed containers.

Question 123-23 : Night vision ?

Requires up to 30 minutes to reach its best performance

Dark adaptation ..dark adaptation is an independent process during which each eye adjusts from a high luminance setting to a low luminance setting the exact mechanisms are unclear but they are known to include biochemical physical and neural ..both rods and cones contain light sensitive chemicals called photopigments the photopigment in the rods is called rhodopsin there are three different types of cone photopigments that are composed of opsins only slightly different from rhodopsin upon exposure to light photopigments undergo a chemical reaction that converts light energy to electrical activity initiating visual impulses in the retina that are conducted by nerve fibers from the eye to the brain the initial chemical reaction is called light adaptation and in this process the photopigments are decomposed intense light will decompose the photoreceptor pigments rapidly and completely thus reducing retinal sensitivity to dim light regeneration of the photopigments occurs during dark adaptation ..the fully dark adapted eye in which photopigment regeneration is complete restores retinal sensitivity to its maximal level rods and cones differ markedly however in their rate of dark adaptation cones attain maximum sensitivity in 5 7 minutes while rods require 30 45 minutes or longer of absolute darkness to attain maximum sensitivity after exposure to bright light ..the cones have a faster rate of photochemical regeneration because they function in greater light than the rods the cones however do not achieve the same level of sensitivity as the rods the rods slowly adapt to dim illumination but eventually achieve a much greater sensitivity than the cones depending on the preadaptation to light dark adaptation is about 80% complete within 30 minutes but it may take hours or even days to acquire total dark adaptation exemple 311 Requires up to 30 minutes to reach its best performance.

Question 123-24 : On approach by day in snowy conditions without reference to glideslope information ?

Judgement of height is extremely difficult

exemple 315 Judgement of height is extremely difficult.

Question 123-25 : The circulation of blood .1 transports oxygen to the body cells.2 withdraws waste products from the cells.3 conveys nutrients to the cells.which of the following lists all the correct answers ?

1 2 and 3

exemple 319 1, 2 and 3.

Question 123-26 : The dry atmosphere of the flight deck may cause dehydration which may lead to a reduction in the ability to pay attention to prevent this it is appropriate to ?

Drink sufficient non carbonated liquids

exemple 323 Drink sufficient non-carbonated liquids.

Question 123-27 : The exchange of gases between the alveoli and the blood is due to ?

Diffusion

.fick's law gas diffusion law gas will diffuse from areas of high concentration to areas of low concentration exemple 327 Diffusion.

Question 123-28 : The total gas volume of the lung is the sum of .1 tidal volume.2 inspiratory reserve volume.3 expiratory reserve volume.4 residual volume.which of the following lists the correct combination ?

1 2 3 and 4

exemple 331 1, 2, 3 and 4.

Question 123-29 : To avoid incapacity due to gastro intestinal problems it is recommended that a simple easily digested meal before boarding the aircraft should be accompanied by ?

Non carbonated water

exemple 335 Non-carbonated water.

Question 123-30 : To prevent empty field myopia at higher altitudes ?

It is recommended that a pilot uses short sharp scans or periodically focuses on a distant object such as a wing tip or cloud edge

exemple 339 It is recommended that a pilot uses short sharp scans, or periodically focuses on a distant object such as a wing-tip or cloud edge.

Question 123-31 : What human function is most sensitive to lack of oxygen ?

Night vision

exemple 343 Night vision.

Question 123-32 : Which of the following gases is fundamentally responsible for decompression sickness ?

Nitrogen

.decompression sickness results from bubbles formed as dissolved gases come out of solution in tissues due to a drop in ambient pressure the principal gas involved is nitrogen .as nitrogen in air is inhaled it dissolves in the body and reaches equilibrium with the liquid phase tissue and blood .the concentration of nitrogen dissolved is proportional to the partial pressure of nitrogen in the inhaled gas henry's law as one descends below the surface these partial pressures increase with depth as one ascends from depth or climbs in altitude the partial pressures of the gases in the breathing mixture decrease if the nitrogen partial pressure in the breathing gas is reduced or eliminated a gradient is established across the alveoli nitrogen is off gassed from the various tissue compartments and may require 12 hours or more to reach equilibrium exemple 347 Nitrogen.

Question 123-33 : You suffered a rapid decompression without the appearance of any decompression sickness symptoms what should you do before flying ?

Seek prompt aeromedical advice

exemple 351 Seek prompt aeromedical advice.

Question 123-34 : Perceptional illusions are ?

Normal and can be prevented by trusting instrument read out

exemple 355 Normal and can be prevented by trusting instrument read-out.

Question 123-35 : Ozone in the air of a pressurized cabin can be eliminated by ?

Ozone converters

exemple 359 Ozone-converters.

Question 123-36 : One of the earliest and most significant features of hypothermia extreme cold is ?

Apathy

exemple 363 Apathy.

Question 123-37 : Night vision is significantly reduced i e a loss of more than 25% at 15000 ft in which stage of hypoxia ?

Compensatory

.the effects of hypoxia can be categorized into four stages according to altitude it should be borne in mind that there is not exactitude in these stages and there is individual variability .1 indifferent stage sea level to 10000 ft .in this stage compensatory mechanisms are activated with an increased heart rate respiratory rate and tidal volume there is a decrease in night vision dark adaptation and performance decrement in accomplishing novel tasks the latter of consequence in the event of an emergency requiring initiative and quick action .2 compensatory stage 10000 to 15000 ft .the compensatory mechanisms become more active and some signs and symptoms may appear according to individual variability drowsiness increased reaction time and slowing of mental processes could affect ability to perform in the cockpit .3 disturbance stage 15000 to 20000 ft .overt signs and symptoms of hypoxia are manifest with inadequate response of physiological compensatory mechanisms to overcome this physiological stress performance decrement becomes inevitable endangering flight .4 critical stage over 20000 ft .the central nervous system cns and the cardiovascular system cvs are severely compromised with eventual loss of consciousness and possibly death exemple 367 Compensatory.

Question 123-38 : One of the dangers of extreme cold is that ?

Sleepiness occurs associated with a feeling of contentment or apathy

exemple 371 Sleepiness occurs associated with a feeling of contentment or apathy.

Question 123-39 : The cornea and the crystalline lens of the eye ?

Cause the convergence of light rays onto the retina

exemple 375 Cause the convergence of light rays onto the retina.

Question 123-40 : The following three conditions will decrease your g tolerance ?

Obesity alcohol sleep deprivation

exemple 379 Obesity, alcohol, sleep deprivation.


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