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Question 130-1 : How can a pilot increase his tolerance to +gz ? [ Revision flight ]

Tightening of the stomach muscles.

exemple 230 Tightening of the stomach muscles.

Question 130-2 : Hypoxia is caused by ?

Reduced partial oxygen pressure in the lung.

exemple 234 Reduced partial oxygen pressure in the lung.

Question 130-3 : Hypoxia can be caused by.1. low partial pressure of oxygen in the atmosphere when flying at high altitudes without pressurisation and supplemental oxy2. a decreased saturation of oxygen in the blood due to carbon monoxide attached to the hemoglobin.3. blood pooling in the lower extremities due to ?

1, 2, 3 and 4 are correct.

exemple 238 1, 2, 3 and 4 are correct.

Question 130-4 : The symptoms of hypoxia include ?

Visual disturbances, lack of concentration, euphoria.

Question 130-5 : Which of the following is/are the symptom s of hypoxia ?

Lack of concentration, fatigue, euphoria.

exemple 246 Lack of concentration, fatigue, euphoria.

Question 130-6 : Which statement applies to hypoxia ?

Sensitivity and reaction to hypoxia varies from person to person.

exemple 250 Sensitivity and reaction to hypoxia varies from person to person.

Question 130-7 : Hypoxia can be caused by ?

A lack of red blood cells in the blood or decreased ability of the haemoglobin to transport oxy

exemple 254 A lack of red blood cells in the blood or decreased ability of the haemoglobin to transport oxygen.

Question 130-8 : Breathing 100% oxygen will elevate the pilot's physiological safe altitude to approximately ?

40 000 ft.

exemple 258 40 000 ft. — .the physiological altitude is the altitude feels by the body..example just 3 cigarettes smoked at sea level will raise the physiological altitude to 8000 feet. because the carbon monoxide in the cigarette smoke is absorbed by the haemoglobin, its oxygen absorbing qualities are reduced to about the same degree as they would be reduced by the decrease in atmospheric pressure at 8000 feet above sea level...the physiological altitude to which human organism can be adapted easily is defined to be 0 10000 ft...above 10000ft cabin altitude it is necessary to increase the proportion of oxygen supplied to the lungs gradually up to 100% oxygen at 40000 ft..at 40000 ft, with 100% oxygen, you will have reach the max safe physiological altitude which is around 10000 ft..above 40000 ft, 100% oxygen alone is insufficient and it must be supplied under pressure to the oxygen mask.

Question 130-9 : The most dangerous symptoms of hypoxia at altitude are ?

Euphoria and impairment of judgement.

exemple 262 Euphoria and impairment of judgement.

Question 130-10 : Dizziness and tumbling sensations, when making head movements in a tight turn, are symptoms of ?

'pilot's vertigo'.

exemple 266 'pilot's vertigo'. — .pilot's vertigo is same as coriolis illusion...coriolis illusion the illusion of rotation or movement in an entirely different axis, caused by an abrupt head movement, while in a prolonged constant rate turn that has ceased to stimulate the brain s motion sensing system. this involves the simultaneous stimulation of two semicircular canals and is associated with a sudden tilting forward or backwards of the pilot's head while the aircraft is turning. this can occur when tilting the head down to look at an approach chart or to write on the knee pad , or up to look at an overhead instrument or switch or sideways. this can produce an overpowering sensation that the aircraft is rolling, pitching, and yawing all at the same time, which can be compared with the sensation of rolling down a hillside. this illusion can make the pilot quickly become disoriented and lose control of the aircraft.

Question 130-11 : 'pilot's vertigo' ?

Is the condition of dizziness and/or tumbling sensation caused by contradictory impulses to the central nervous system cns.

exemple 270 Is the condition of dizziness and/or tumbling sensation caused by contradictory impulses to the central nervous system (cns). — .pilot's vertigo is same as coriolis illusion...coriolis illusion the illusion of rotation or movement in an entirely different axis, caused by an abrupt head movement, while in a prolonged constant rate turn that has ceased to stimulate the brain s motion sensing system. this involves the simultaneous stimulation of two semicircular canals and is associated with a sudden tilting forward or backwards of the pilot's head while the aircraft is turning. this can occur when tilting the head down to look at an approach chart or to write on the knee pad , or up to look at an overhead instrument or switch or sideways. this can produce an overpowering sensation that the aircraft is rolling, pitching, and yawing all at the same time, which can be compared with the sensation of rolling down a hillside. this illusion can make the pilot quickly become disoriented and lose control of the aircraft.

Question 130-12 : What can a pilot do to avoid 'flicker vertigo' when flying in the clouds ?

Switch strobe lights off.

exemple 274 Switch strobe-lights off.

Question 130-13 : What do you do, when you are affected by 'pilot's vertigo'.1. establish and maintain an effective instrument cross check..2. believe the instruments..3. ignore illusions..4. minimize head movements. ?

1, 2, 3 and 4 are correct.

exemple 278 1, 2, 3 and 4 are correct. — .pilot's vertigo is same as coriolis illusion...coriolis illusion the illusion of rotation or movement in an entirely different axis, caused by an abrupt head movement, while in a prolonged constant rate turn that has ceased to stimulate the brain s motion sensing system. this involves the simultaneous stimulation of two semicircular canals and is associated with a sudden tilting forward or backwards of the pilot's head while the aircraft is turning. this can occur when tilting the head down to look at an approach chart or to write on the knee pad , or up to look at an overhead instrument or switch or sideways. this can produce an overpowering sensation that the aircraft is rolling, pitching, and yawing all at the same time, which can be compared with the sensation of rolling down a hillside. this illusion can make the pilot quickly become disoriented and lose control of the aircraft.

Question 130-14 : Which flight manoeuvre will most likely induce vertigo turning the head while ?

Banking.

exemple 282 Banking.

Question 130-15 : The semicircular canals of the inner ear monitor ?

Angular accelerations.

exemple 286 Angular accelerations. — .in the inner ear the function of the semicircular canals is to monitor angular acceleration. angular acceleration is acceleration around the axis of the pilot.

Question 130-16 : Which part of the ear could be affected due to air pressure changes during climb and/or descent ?

The eustachian tube and the tympanic membrane ear drum.

exemple 290 The eustachian tube and the tympanic membrane (ear drum).

Question 130-17 : Which part of the inner ear is responsible for the perception of sound ?

The cochlea.

exemple 294 The cochlea.

Question 130-18 : Which part of the vestibular apparatus is affected by changes in gravity and linear acceleration ?

The sacculus and utriculus.

exemple 298 The sacculus and utriculus.

Question 130-19 : Which part of the vestibular apparatus is responsible for the detection of angular acceleration ?

The semicircular canals.

exemple 302 The semicircular canals.

Question 130-20 : The vestibular apparatus ?

Reacts to linear/angular acceleration and gravity.

exemple 306 Reacts to linear/angular acceleration and gravity.

Question 130-21 : Which of the following components belong to the middle ear ?

Ossicles.

exemple 310 Ossicles.

Question 130-22 : Through which part of the ear does the equalization of pressure take place, when altitude is changed ?

Eustachian tube.

exemple 314 Eustachian tube.

Question 130-23 : Concerning the effects of drugs and pilot's performance ?

The primary and the side effects have to be considered.

exemple 318 The primary and the side effects have to be considered.

Question 130-24 : What is understood by air sickness ?

A sensory conflict within the vestibular system accompanied by nausea and vomiting.

exemple 322 A sensory conflict within the vestibular system accompanied by nausea and vomiting.

Question 130-25 : Cigarette smoking has particular significance to the flyer, because there are long term and short term harmful effects..from cigarette smoking the pilot can get ?

A mild carbon monoxide poisoning decreasing the pilot's tolerance to hypoxia.

exemple 326 A mild carbon monoxide poisoning decreasing the pilot's tolerance to hypoxia.

Question 130-26 : A pilot who smokes will lose some of his capacity to transport oxygen combined with haemoglobin. which percentage of his total oxygen transportation capacity would he give away when he smokes one pack of cigarettes a day ?

5 8%.

exemple 330 5 - 8%.

Question 130-27 : Flying at pressure altitude of 10 000 ft, a pilot, being a moderate to heavy smoker, has an oxygen content in the blood equal to an altitude ?

Above 10 000 ft.

exemple 334 Above 10 000 ft. — .a person at sea level who regularly smokes a pack of cigarettes a day, may theoretically be at 7000 ft. so at 10 000 ft, a pilot, being a moderate to heavy smoker, has an oxygen content in the blood equal to an altitude above 10 000 ft.

Question 130-28 : Which of the following applies when alcohol has been consumed ?

Even after the consumption of small amounts of alcohol, normal cautionary attitudes may be lost.

exemple 338 Even after the consumption of small amounts of alcohol, normal cautionary attitudes may be lost.

Question 130-29 : Alcohol, when taken simultaneously with drugs, may ?

Intensify the effects of the drugs.

exemple 342 Intensify the effects of the drugs.

Question 130-30 : The proprioceptive senses seat of the pants sense are important for motor coordination. they ?

Are completely unreliable for orientation when flying in imc instrument meteorological conditions.

exemple 346 Are completely unreliable for orientation when flying in imc (instrument meteorological conditions).

Question 130-31 : Sensory input to the 'seat of the pants' sense is given by ?

Subcutaneous pressure receptors and muscle activity sensors.

exemple 350 Subcutaneous pressure receptors and muscle activity sensors.

Question 130-32 : Flying from frankfurt to moscow you will have a lay over of 4 days. what time measure is relevant for your circadian rhythm on the 3rd day ?

Lt local time.

exemple 354 Lt (local time). — Resynchronization of circadian rhythm occurs at a speed of approximately 1.5 hours a day after westward flights, and approximately 1 hour a day after eastward flights, irrespective of whether their travel occurs during daytime or night..it's an eastward flight, and local time at moscow is frankfurt time +3h.

Question 130-33 : Orientation in flight is accomplished by.1. eyes.2. utriculus and sacculus.3. semicircular canals.4. seat of the pants sense ?

1, 2, 3 and 4 are correct.

exemple 358 1, 2, 3 and 4 are correct.

Question 130-34 : What should a pilot do to optimise his/her night vision scotopic vision ?

Not smoke before start and during flight and avoid flash blindness.

exemple 362 Not smoke before start and during flight and avoid flash-blindness.

Question 130-35 : During poor weather conditions a pilot should fly with reference to instruments because ?

Perception of distance and speed is difficult in an environment of low contrast.

exemple 366 Perception of distance and speed is difficult in an environment of low contrast.

Question 130-36 : The 'seat of the pants sense' ?

Can give false inputs to body orientation when visual reference is lost.

exemple 370 Can give false inputs to body orientation when visual reference is lost.

Question 130-37 : Illuminated anti collision lights in imc ?

Can cause disorientation.

exemple 374 Can cause disorientation.

Question 130-38 : A shining light is fading out i.e. when flying into fog, dust or haze. what kind of illusion could the pilot get ?

The source of light moves away from him.

exemple 378 The source of light moves away from him.

Question 130-39 : Autokinesis is ?

The apparent movement of a static single light when stared at for a relatively long period of time in the dark.

exemple 382 The apparent movement of a static single light when stared at for a relatively long period of time in the dark.

Question 130-40 : A pilot is used to land on small and narrow runways only. approaching a larger and wider runway can lead to ?

An early or high 'round out'.

exemple 386 An early or high 'round out'. — . /com en/com040 114.jpg.the width of the runway may cause incorrect height judgements on the final approach..a pilot accustomed to landing on small and narrow runways may, when approaching a larger and wider runway, judge he is too low and therefore can lead to an early or high 'round out'... /com en/com040 74.jpg..

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