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Question 131-1 : Generally, the time required for dark adaptation is ? [ Revision flight ]

30 min.

exemple 231 30 min.

Question 131-2 : Which problem may occur, when flying in an environment of low contrast fog, snow, darkness, haze.under these conditions it is ?

Difficult to estimate the correct speed and size of approaching objects.

exemple 235 Difficult to estimate the correct speed and size of approaching objects.

Question 131-3 : Which of the following symptoms can mark the onset of hyperventilation ?

Dizzy feeling.

exemple 239 Dizzy feeling.

Question 131-4 : Out of the list of possible measures to counteract hyperventilation, the most effective measure is ?

Breathe into a plastic or paper bag.


Question 131-5 : What event can cause a hyperventilation not required by physical need.1. pressure breathing..2. anxiety or fear..3. overstress..4. strong pain..5. jogging. ?

1, 2, 3 and 4 are correct, 5 is false.

.the things that cause hyperventilation can be categorised loosely into.. environment.. thoughts and emotions.. physical illness, pain or some other type of physical stress..jogging is often described as the light version of running. jogging will raise your heart rate, make you breathe harder, but will not lead to hyperventilation as the previous causes do. exemple 247 1, 2, 3 and 4 are correct, 5 is false.

Question 131-6 : Which of the following could a pilot experience when he is hyperventilating.1. dizziness.2. muscular spasms.3. visual disturbances.4. cyanosis ?

1,2 and 3 are correct, 4 is false.

exemple 251 1,2 and 3 are correct, 4 is false.

Question 131-7 : What could cause hyperventilation ?

Fear, anxiety and distress.

exemple 255 Fear, anxiety and distress.

Question 131-8 : A pilot who is hyperventilating for a prolonged period of time may even become unconscious..hyperventilation is likely to occur, when ?

The pilot is emotionally aroused.

.one of the main causes of hyperventilation is anxiety which is brought on by stress. exemple 259 The pilot is emotionally aroused.

Question 131-9 : Breathing pure oxygen without pressure will be sufficient up to an altitude of ?

40000 ft.

exemple 263 40000 ft.

Question 131-10 : The 'effective performance time' or 'time of useful consciousness' after a decompression at 35 000 ft is ?

Between 30 and 60 seconds.

Img /com en/com070 169.jpg.. exemple 267 Between 30 and 60 seconds.

Question 131-11 : The time between inadequate oxygen supply and incapacitation is called tuc time of useful consciousness. it ?

Varies individually and depends on cabin pressure altitude.

exemple 271 Varies individually and depends on cabin pressure altitude.

Question 131-12 : After a decompression to 43 000 ft the tuc time of useful consciousness will be approximately ?

5 15 seconds.

Img /com en/com070 169.jpg.. exemple 275 5-15 seconds.

Question 131-13 : Pain in the joints 'bends' is a symptom of ?

Decompression sickness.

exemple 279 Decompression sickness.

Question 131-14 : Decompression sickness symptoms may develop due to ?

Cabin pressure loss when flying at higher altitudes above 18000 ft.

exemple 283 Cabin pressure loss when flying at higher altitudes (above 18000 ft).

Question 131-15 : Disruptions of pressure equalization in air filled cavities of the head nose, ear etc. are called ?

Barotrauma.

exemple 287 Barotrauma.

Question 131-16 : Barotrauma caused by gas accumulation in the stomach and intestines can lead to ?

Pressure pain or flatulence.

exemple 291 Pressure pain or flatulence.

Question 131-17 : What counter measure can be used against barotrauma of the middle ear ?

Close the mouth, pinch the nose tight and blow out thereby increasing the pressure in the mouth and throat. at the same time try to swallow or move lower jaw.

exemple 295 Close the mouth, pinch the nose tight and blow out thereby increasing the pressure in the mouth and throat. at the same time try to swallow or move lower jaw.

Question 131-18 : Trapped intestinal gases can cause severe pain. when is this the case ?

More frequent when flying above 18000 ft in a non pressurized aircraft.

exemple 299 More frequent when flying above 18000 ft in a non-pressurized aircraft.

Question 131-19 : Barotrauma of the middle ear most likely will occur ?

When descending rapidly.

exemple 303 When descending rapidly.

Question 131-20 : Barotrauma of the middle ear is usually accompanied by ?

A reduction in hearing ability and the feeling of increasing pressure.

exemple 307 A reduction in hearing ability and the feeling of increasing pressure.

Question 131-21 : The risk of barotrauma of the middle ear is more likely to occur ?

With colds and rapid descents.

exemple 311 With colds and rapid descents.

Question 131-22 : The seat of the pants sense involves receptors in the ?

Muscles, tendons and joints sensitive to the position and movement of body parts.

exemple 315 Muscles, tendons and joints sensitive to the position and movement of body parts.

Question 131-23 : Equalization of pressure is limited between the middle ear and the ambient, when ?

The eustachian tube is blocked.

exemple 319 The eustachian tube is blocked.

Question 131-24 : A barotrauma of the middle ear is ?

An acute or chronic trauma to the middle ear caused by a difference of pressure on either side of the eardrum.

exemple 323 An acute or chronic trauma to the middle ear caused by a difference of pressure on either side of the eardrum.

Question 131-25 : A pilot approaching an upsloping runway ?

May feel that he is higher than actual. this illusion may cause him to land short.

. /com en/com040 74.jpg.. exemple 327 May feel that he is higher than actual. this illusion may cause him to land short.

Question 131-26 : What illusion may occur if an aircraft is flying into fog, snow or haze ?

Objects seem to be farther away than in reality.

exemple 331 Objects seem to be farther away than in reality.

Question 131-27 : Adaptation is ?

The adjustment of the eyes to high or low levels of illumination.

exemple 335 The adjustment of the eyes to high or low levels of illumination.

Question 131-28 : The requirement of good sunglasses is to ?

Absorb enough visible light to eliminate glare without decreasing visual acuity.

exemple 339 Absorb enough visible light to eliminate glare without decreasing visual acuity.

Question 131-29 : Scanning at night should be performed by ?

Slight eye movements to the side of the object.

exemple 343 Slight eye movements to the side of the object.

Question 131-30 : A pilot accustomed to landing on a wide runway may find, when approaching to a narrow runway, that he/she is at a ?

Greater height than he actually is with the tendency to land short.

. 2772.the width of the runway may cause incorrect height judgements on the final approach. a pilot used to a standard width runway may, when approaching an unfamiliar airfield with a narrow runway, judge he is too high and therefore round out on too low an approach. exemple 347 Greater height than he actually is with the tendency to land short.

Question 131-31 : Flickering light when reflected from spinning rotor blades ?

Can cause spatial disorientation and/or nausea.

exemple 351 Can cause spatial disorientation and/or nausea.

Question 131-32 : Alcohol, even when taken in minor quantities ?

Can make the brain cells to be more susceptible to hypoxia.

exemple 355 Can make the brain cells to be more susceptible to hypoxia.

Question 131-33 : A pilot approaching a runway which is narrower than normal may feel he is at a greater height than he actually is..to compensate he may fly a ?

Flatter than normal approach with the tendency to undershoot.

. /com en/com040 114.jpg.the width of the runway may cause incorrect height judgements on the final approach..a pilot used to a standard width runway may, when approaching an airfield with a narrow runway, judge he is too high and therefore performs a low approach with undershoot... /com en/com040 74.jpg.. exemple 359 Flatter than normal approach with the tendency to undershoot.

Question 131-34 : The proprioceptive senses seat of the pants sense ?

May give incorrect information, when outside visual reference is lost.

exemple 363 May give incorrect information, when outside visual reference is lost.

Question 131-35 : When assessing an individual's risk of developing coronary artery disease, the following factors may contribute.1.obesity.2.chronic stress.3.smoking.4.family history ?

1, 2, 3 and 4 are correct.

exemple 367 1, 2, 3 and 4 are correct.

Question 131-36 : The metabolisation of alcohol ?

Is a question of time.

.alcohol is a toxin that must be neutralized or eliminated from the body. alcohol metabolism is a complex process with large individual variations related to absorption, distribution and elimination..the liver metabolizes alcohol at a rate of 0.015% per hour exemple 371 Is a question of time.

Question 131-37 : What does not impair the function of the photosensitive cells ?

High speed.

.the human retina has approximately 5 million cones and 120 million rods..signals from the rods and cones converge on ganglion and bipolar cells for preprocessing before they are sent to the lateral geniculate nucleus. at the 'center' of the retina the point directly behind the lens is the fovea, which contains only cone photoreceptor cells this is the region capable of producing the highest visual acuity..oxygen deficiency, acceleration positive or negative and poisons cause disturbances. exemple 375 High speed.

Question 131-38 : The fovea is ?

The area of best day vision and no night vision at all.

exemple 379 The area of best day vision and no night vision at all.

Question 131-39 : In order to completely resynchronise with local time after zone crossing, circadian rhythms require ?

Less time when flying from east to west.

exemple 383 Less time when flying from east to west.

Question 131-40 : The retina of the eye ?

Is the light sensitive inner lining of the eye containing the photoreceptors essential for vision.

exemple 387 Is the light-sensitive inner lining of the eye containing the photoreceptors essential for vision.


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