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Question 131-1 : How would you describe the leadership style of a captain who primarily is interested in a friendly atmosphere within his crew who is always constructive and encouraging who usually compromises in interpersonal conflicts who trusts in the capabilities of his crew members and who leaves the crew ? [ Revision flight ]

Low task orientation and high relationship orientation

exemple 231 Low task-orientation and high relationship-orientation.

Question 131-2 : If the co pilot continuously feels unfairly treated by the captain he/she should ?

Point out the problem concentrate on his/her duties and clarify the matter at a more appropriate time

exemple 235 Point out the problem, concentrate on his/her duties and clarify the matter at a more appropriate time.

Question 131-3 : What is the sender's frequent reason to communicate implicitly 'between the lines' ?

Afterwards he/she always can claim to have been misunderstood

.in committees they often use the phrase taken as read meaning it is expected that you have all read these documents or made yourselves aware of the situation so we don't have to waste time spelling it out .too many committee members lack the courage to admit that they haven't actually read the documents or don't understand what is going on exemple 239 Afterwards he/she always can claim to have been misunderstood.

Question 131-4 : Metacommunication is defined as ?

Those tools other than the actual words which compliment those words in order to communicate


Question 131-5 : Mark the two most important attributes for a positive leadership style .1 dominant behaviour.2 excellent role behaviour.3 mastery of communication skills.4 'laissez faire' behaviour ?

2 and 3

exemple 247 2 and 3.

Question 131-6 : Non verbal communication ?

Supports verbal communication

exemple 251 Supports verbal communication.

Question 131-7 : Discussing private matters in the cockpit ?

Can improve team spirit

exemple 255 Can improve team spirit.

Question 131-8 : A selective attentional mechanism is required ?

Because of the limited capacity of the central decision maker and working memory

exemple 259 Because of the limited capacity of the central decision maker and working memory.

Question 131-9 : Stress may be defined as ?

A normal phenomenon which enables an individual to adapt to encountered situations

exemple 263 A normal phenomenon which enables an individual to adapt to encountered situations.

Question 131-10 : What is a stressor ?

An external or internal stimulus which is interpreted by an individual as being stressful

exemple 267 An external or internal stimulus which is interpreted by an individual as being stressful.

Question 131-11 : What may trigger stress in humans ?

The subjective interpretation an individual gives to a situation experienced

.its our own internal beliefs attitudes interpretations perceptions and other factors in combination with the external events that tend to create stress exemple 271 The subjective interpretation an individual gives to a situation experienced.

Question 131-12 : With regard to the average influence of age on pilot performance it may be said that age ?

Has little impact when the pilot is able to compensate for it by his/her flight experience

exemple 275 Has little impact when the pilot is able to compensate for it by his/her flight experience.

Question 131-13 : Of the following statements which apply to coordinated cooperation .1 it allows for synergy in the actions between the captain and the co pilot .2 it represents the simultaneous execution of a single action by the various members of the crew .3 communication here results in synchronised actions and ?

1 and 3

.the advantages of coordination are redundancy synergy and clarification of responsability coordinated cooperation allows for synergy between the captain and copilot synchronised actions and the distribution of responsibilities coaction is a mode of cooperation which recommends working in parallel to achieve one objective exemple 279 1 and 3.

Question 131-14 : Co action is a mode of coordination which recommends ?

Working in parallel to achieve one common objective

exemple 283 Working in parallel to achieve one common objective.

Question 131-15 : In order to make communication effective it is necessary to .1 avoid the synchronization of verbal and non verbal channels .2 send information in line with the receiver's decoding abilities .3 always concentrate on the informational aspects of the message only .4 avoid increasing the number of ?

Only 2 is correct

.in order to make communication effective it is necessary to synchronize verbal and non verbal channels and to send information in line with the receiver's decoding abilities exemple 287 Only 2 is correct.

Question 131-16 : Which of the following statements regarding interpersonal interactions are correct .1 if the sender perceives that the receiver is incompetent he/she will increase the length of the message.2 if the receiver is of non native tongue the sender will reinforce what he is saying by using more ?

3 only is correct

Primer .why answer 4 is not correct if you know someone is much safer flight with this person please explain ..in most of airline companies you will fly with a copilot or a captain that you have never met before the flight does it will make the flight less safer no because you will fly following your company's sop standard operating procedure .furthermore communication will not always be excellent even if you know each other exemple 291 3 only is correct.

Question 131-17 : Professional languages have certain characteristics for example .1 they use a limited vocabulary.2 they are rich and adapted to the context which sometimes lead to ambiguities.3 their grammar is rather complicated and complex.4 context provides meaning therefore reduces the risk of ambiguities ?

1 and 4 are correct

exemple 295 1 and 4 are correct.

Question 131-18 : With regard to communication in a cockpit we can say that ?

Communication uses up resources thus limiting the resources allocated to work in progress

exemple 299 Communication uses up resources, thus limiting the resources allocated to work in progress.

Question 131-19 : What are the communication qualities of a good briefing a good briefing must .1 contain as much information and be as comprehensive as possible.2 be of a standard type so that it can be reused for another flight of the same type.3 be short and precise.4 be understandable to the other crew ?

2 and 4 are correct

.as the name suggests briefings are usually short and concise briefing are standardized departure briefing take off and emergency briefing taxi briefing take off briefing approach briefing .example for departure briefing this will be a flaps 10 normal takeoff from runway 22 runway heading to 3000 feet 2700 feet of runway is required with 7100 feet available in the event of an emergency or abnormality during the takeoff roll i will abort the takeoff and stop on the remaining runway in the event of an emergency right after takeoff i will secure the engine and glide to a landing straight ahead in the event of an abnormality after takeoff or an engine failure after reaching a safe altitude i will return for landing on the appropriate runway .a briefing must be understandable by the other crew member s use simple words .for the question the best answer is '2 3 and 4 are correct' but only '2 and 4 are correct' is offered at the exam exemple 303 2 and 4 are correct.

Question 131-20 : Which of the following statements concerning check list is correct ?

The most important items should be placed at the beginning of a check list since attention is usually focused here

exemple 307 The most important items should be placed at the beginning of a check list since attention is usually focused here.

Question 131-21 : Which of the following statements are correct with regard to the design of a check list .1 the longer a check list the more it must be subdivided into logical parts.2 the trickiest points must be placed in the middle of the check list.3 check lists must be designed in such a way that they can be ?

1 4 and 5 are correct

exemple 311 1, 4 and 5 are correct.

Question 131-22 : According to rasmussen's model errors in rule based control mode are of the following type s ?

Errors of technical knowledge

.rasmussen states that there are skill based rule based and knowledge based errors he then goes on to state that there are 'routine' and 'exceptional' violations or intended deviations from the plan .an error of technical knowledge means that the operative doesn't have sufficient knowledge to follow the rules exemple 315 Errors of technical knowledge.

Question 131-23 : According to rasmussen's model errors are of the following type s in skill based behaviour ?

Routine errors

.rasmussen states that there are skill based rule based and knowledge based errors he then goes on to state that there are 'routine' and 'exceptional' violations or intended deviations from the plan exemple 319 Routine errors.

Question 131-24 : In order to overcome an overload of work during the flight it is necessary to .1 know how to use one's own reserve of resources in order to ease the burden on the crew.2 divide up tasks among the crew.3 ensure that the long term memory is used as much as possible as short term memory will add to ?

1 2 and 4 are correct

.to overcome an overload of work during the flight you will have to share some tasks and improve crew coordination you must prioritizes to maintain focus on primary tasks .long term memory will add to the stress since unless an item is recalled regularly it becomes more and more difficult to retrieve from the long term memory store exemple 323 1, 2 and 4 are correct.

Question 131-25 : The available cognitive resources of the human brain ?

Are limited and make it impossible to perform two attentional tasks at the same time

exemple 327 Are limited and make it impossible to perform two attentional tasks at the same time.

Question 131-26 : The acquisition of a skill comprises three stages anderson model ?

Cognitive associative and automatic

Ajdawe .anderson model is declarative knowledge compilation and procedural it is similar to but not identical to these categories of developing motor programmes ..in anderson's model learning occurs in three stages in stage 1 the declarative stage the learner produces a crude approximation of the skill by using general purpose problem solving strategies to interpret facts about the skill performance is slow error prone and working memory load is high because facts about the skill e g the correct sequence of movements must be actively rehearsed stage 2 is characterized by speedup more seamless performance and dropout of verbal mediation during this phase declarative facts about the skill are converted into procedural knowledge through knowledge compilation procedural knowledge is a collection of productions or if then statements that specify a cognitive condition and an action that will be performed if that condition is met two mechanisms underlie knowledge compilation composition and proceduralization composition collapses successive productions into single productions and produces speedup and more seamless performance the extent to which composition can occur is determined by the capacity of working memory because the conditions specified in a production must be represented in working memory through proceduralization declarative facts are instantiated in productions thereby eliminating the need to represent declarative information in working memory proceduralization is responsible for the dropout of verbal mediation in the final phase tuning search of alternate solution paths becomes more selective generalization discrimination and strengthening are the three learning mechanisms responsible for proceduralization exemple 331 Cognitive, associative and automatic.

Question 131-27 : A pilot can be described as being proficient when he/she ?

Has automated a large part of the necessary flight deck routine operations in order to free his/her cognitive resources

exemple 335 Has automated a large part of the necessary flight deck routine operations in order to free his/her cognitive resources.

Question 131-28 : With regard to the practice of english which of the following statements is correct ?

All pilots should master it because the aeronautical world needs one common language

exemple 339 All pilots should master it because the aeronautical world needs one common language.

Question 131-29 : What are the main consequences of latent errors they . 1 remain undetected in the system for a certain length of time . 2 may only manifest themselves under certain conditions . 3 are quickly detectable by the front line operator whose mental schemas on the instantaneous situation filter out formal ?

1 2 and 4

exemple 343 1, 2 and 4.

Question 131-30 : Pilot stress reactions ?

Differ from pilot to pilot depending on how a person manages the particular stressors

exemple 347 Differ from pilot to pilot, depending on how a person manages the particular stressors.

Question 131-31 : Which of the following provides the basis of all perceptions ?

The intensity of the stimuli

exemple 351 The intensity of the stimuli.

Question 131-32 : The effect of experience and repetition on performance ?

Can both be beneficial and negative

exemple 355 Can both be beneficial and negative.

Question 131-33 : Situations particularly vulnerable to 'reversion to an earlier behaviour pattern' are .1 when concentration on a particular task is relaxed.2 when situations are characterised by medium workload.3 when situations are characterised by stress ?

1 and 3

exemple 359 1 and 3.

Question 131-34 : The most dangerous characteristic of perception is that it ?

Is frequently extremely resistant to correction

exemple 363 Is frequently extremely resistant to correction.

Question 131-35 : Fixation or tunnel vision is primarily to be expected when ?

Stress is high

exemple 367 Stress is high.

Question 131-36 : Which of the following are strategies for resolving conflict .1 seeking arbitration.2 actively listening to other people.3 abandoning facts so as to move the conversation to a more emotional level.4 becoming aware of cultural influences ?

1 2 4

exemple 371 1, 2, 4.

Question 131-37 : What elements establish synergy within the crew ?

Synergy must be built up from the start of the mission briefing and be maintained until it comes to an end debriefing

exemple 375 Synergy must be built up from the start of the mission (briefing) and be maintained until it comes to an end (debriefing).

Question 131-38 : Which of the following statements best characterise a synergetic cockpit .1 decisions are taken by the captain but prepared by the crew.2 there is little delegating of tasks.3 communications are few in number but precise and geared purely to the flight.4 fluid consensual boundaries exist in ?

1 4

.crew co ordination is the advantage of teamwork over a collection of highly skilled individuals its prominent benefits are . an increase in safety by redundancy to detect and remedy individual errors and. an increase in efficiency by the organized use of all existing resources which improves the in flight management .prioritizes and delegates.effectively to maintain focus on primary tasks keeps everyone 'in the loop' by actively communicating and continuously monitors the progress of the flight are the appropriate characteristics of a synergetic cockpit .it is important to establish the difference between leadership which is acquired and authority which is assigned an optimal situation exists when the two are combined leadership involves teamwork and the quality of a leader depends on the success of the leader's relationship with the team exemple 379 1, 4.

Question 131-39 : What may become the main risk of a 'laissez faire' cockpit ?

Inversion of authority

exemple 383 Inversion of authority.

Question 131-40 : What is characterized by a 'laissez faire' cockpit ?

A passive approach by the captain allows decisions choices and actions by other crew members

.it is important to discuss about the different choices and actions with the crew synergetic cockpit but decisions have to be taken by the captain exemple 387 A passive approach by the captain allows decisions, choices and actions by other crew members.


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