Question 132-1 : The retina of the eye ? [ Revision flight ]

Question 132-2 : Which force s affect s the otoliths in the utriculus and sacculus ?

Gravity and linear acceleration.

The utricle is sensitive to a change in horizontal movementthe saccule gives information about linear acceleration such as when in an elevator

Question 132-3 : Flying a coordinated level turn will ?

Make the body's pressure receptors feel an increased pressure along the body's vertical axis.

Question 132-4 : Which sensations does a pilot get when he is rolling out of a prolonged level turn ?

Turning in the opposite direction.

Question 132-5 : How can a pilot overcome vertigo encountered during a real or simulated instrument flight 1 establish and maintain an effective instrument cross check2 always believe the instruments never trust your sense of feeling3 ignore arising illusions4 move the head sidewards and back and forth to shake off ?

1 2 and 3 are correct.

Question 132-6 : A large number of medical preparations can be bought without a doctor's prescription in relation to using these preparations which of the following is correct ?

A pilot using any of these preparations should get professional advice from an aviation medical specialist if he intends to fly and self medicate at the same time.

Question 132-7 : The total pressure of a mixture of gases is equal to the sum of the partial pressures of the gases in the mixture this is ?

Dalton's law.

Dalton's law states that the pressure of a mixture of gases is the sum of the partial pressures of its constituentsfor information the amount of oxygen transfered into the blood in the alveoli depends on the partial pressure of oxygen and when the partial pressure of oxygen is too low we become hypoxic

Question 132-8 : Carbon monoxide is always present in the exhaust gases of engines if a pilot is exposed to carbon monoxide which of the following responses is correct ?

A short exposure to relatively high concentrations of carbon monoxide can seriously affect a pilot's ability to operate an aircraft.

Question 132-9 : When stopping the rotation of a spin we have the sensation ?

That we are starting a spin in the opposite direction.

Question 132-10 : The human ear is capable of perceiving vibrations between the frequencies ?

20 20000 hz.

Question 132-11 : The intensity of a sound is measured in ?

Decibels.

Question 132-12 : The ozone layer is situated in the ?

Stratosphere.

Question 132-13 : The barometric pressure has dropped to 12 of the pressure at sea level at ?

18 000 feet.

At mean sea level standard pressure is 1013 hpaat 5000 ft = 850 hpaat 10000 ft = 700 hpaat 18000 ft = 500 hpaat 30000 ft = 300 hpa

Question 132-14 : Which of the following laws explains bubbles of nitrogen coming out of solution in body tissues due to a decrease in atmospheric pressure ?

Henry's law.

Question 132-15 : The main function of the red blood cells is ?

To transport oxy.

Question 132-16 : Altitude hypoxia when breathing ambient air should not usually occur indifferent phase ?

Below 3000 m.

Question 132-17 : 'the bends' as a symptom of decompression sickness consists of ?

Pain in the joints.

Question 132-18 : The type of hypoxia which occurs at altitude is a explained by ?

Dalton's law.

Dalton's law tells us that the total pressure of any mixture of gases with constant temperature and volume is the sum of the individual pressures also called partial pressure of each gas in the mixture also partial pressure of each gas is proportional to that gas's percentage of the total mixture because the percentage of oxygen in the atmosphere remains constant at 21% dalton's law lets us calculate the partial pressure of the oxygen in the atmosphere at any altitudethe human body is affected by the pressure of the gases in the atmosphere the partial pressure of oxygen and to a lesser extent other gases available in the surrounding air is important in determining the onset and severity of hypoxia

Question 132-19 : Carbon monoxide a product of incomplete combustion is toxic because ?

It competes with oxygen in its union with haemoglobin.

Question 132-20 : Hyperventilation causes ?

A reduction of carbon dioxide in the blood.

Franck when you hyperventilate you loose carbon dioxide from the lungs the way to treat it is to breath into a paper bag to breath back the carbon dioxide you're exhaling and to calm down

Question 132-21 : Anxiety and fear can cause ?

Hyperventilation.

Question 132-22 : One of the first effects to be noticed on gradual exposure to high positive radial accelerations is ?

Grey out.

Question 132-23 : The first stage in the information process is ?

Sensory stimulation.

Sensory stimulation is the first stage in the information process and the basis of perception is the intensity of the stimulus

Question 132-24 : To prevent vertigo in flight we should ?

Not move the head suddenly while we are turning.

Question 132-25 : When flying at night the first sense to be affected by a slight degree of hypoxia is the ?

Vision.

Question 132-26 : The carcinogen a substance with the ability to produce modifications in cells which develop a cancer in cigarettes is ?

Tar.

Question 132-27 : One of the substances present in the smoke of cigarettes can make it significantly more difficult for the red blood cells to transport oxygen and as a consequence contributes to hypoxiawhich substance are we referring to ?

Carbon monoxide.

Question 132-28 : The group of tiny bones the hammer anvil and stirrup are situated in ?

The middle ear.

Question 132-29 : The semicircular canals form part of the ?

Inner ear.

Question 132-30 : The coriolis effect in spatial disorientation occurs as a result of ?

Simultaneous stimulation of several semicircular canals.

Coriolis illusion effect the illusion of rotation or movement in an entirely different axis caused by an abrupt head movement while in a prolonged constant rate turn that has ceased to stimulate the brain s motion sensing system this involves the simultaneous stimulation of two semicircular canals and is associated with a sudden tilting forward or backwards of the pilot's head while the aircraft is turning this can occur when tilting the head down to look at an approach chart or to write on the knee pad or up to look at an overhead instrument or switch or sideways this can produce an overpowering sensation that the aircraft is rolling pitching and yawing all at the same time which can be compared with the sensation of rolling down a hillside this illusion can make the pilot quickly become disoriented and lose control of the aircraft

Question 132-31 : The part s of the eye responsible for night vision ?

Are the rods.

Question 132-32 : The fovea ?

Is an area in which cones predominate.

Question 132-33 : When the optical image forms in front of the retina this results in ?

Myopia.

Question 132-34 : Noise induced hearing loss is influenced by ?

The duration and intensity of a noise.

Question 132-35 : In order to reduce the risk of coronary artery disease exercise should ?

Double the resting heart rate for at least 20 minutes three times a week.

Question 132-36 : The physiological rhythms of a pilot in a new time zone will resynchronise to this new time zone at a rate of about ?

1 15 hours a day.

It takes about a day to shift one time zonethe internal circadian clock adapts slowly to abrupt changes of time cues the rate of adaptation has been reported to follow a number of models rates of one hour per day without countermeasures or quicker adaptation during the first days have all been quoted however since the adaptation is highly dependent on the individual to the direction of flight to the number of time zones crossed to exposure to environmental cues any simplistic formula is inappropriatethe direction of the time zone change is particularly important in general adaptation after eastbound travel is much slower than after westbound flightexample during summer after a flight from london to kuala lumpur malaysia the time change is 7h it will take 7 to 10 days to acclimate to the new time zone

Question 132-37 : The duration of a period of sleep is governed primarily by ?

The point within your circadian rhythm at which you try to sleep.

The timing of adult sleep is governed by circadian rhythms physiological changes that follow a 24 hour cycle many of these changes are influenced by your exposure to lightwhen you expose yourself to sunlight each morning you help maintain your internal clock even if you are sleep deprived morning light exposure helps ensure that you will be more alert during the day than you are at night as the day wears on and darkness falls your body begins to produce less cortisol a hormone that keeps you alert and more melatonin the hormone of drowsiness when you expose yourself to bright artificial lighting in the evening particularly to lights that include the blue part of the spectrum you delay these changes and may find it harder to fall asleep

Question 132-38 : Hyperventilation is due to an excessive rate of breathing and can produce the following symptoms ?

Dizziness tingling sensation in the fingers and toes nausea and blurred vision.

Question 132-39 : In order to get rid of excess nitrogen following scuba diving subsequent flights should be delayed ?

24 hours.

Question 132-40 : During flight in imc instrument meteorological conditions the most reliable sense which should be used to overcome illusions is the ?

Visual sense interpreting the attitude indicator.