Question 133-1 : The chemical substance responsible for addiction to tobacco is ? [ Revision flight ]

Question 133-2 : It is inadvisable to fly when suffering from a cold the reason for this is ?

The tissue around the nasal end of the eustachian tube is likely to be swollen thus causing difficulty in equalising the pressure within the middle ear and the nasalthroat area pain and damage to the eardrum can result particularly during fast descents.

Question 133-3 : Incapacitation is most dangerous when it is ?

Question 133-4 : Concerning circadian rhythm disruption jet lag adjustment to destination time 1 takes longer when travelling west rather than travelling east2 takes longer when travelling east rather than travelling west3 varies little between individuals4 varies substantially among individualswhich of the ?

2 4.

Question 133-5 : What seems to be the main role of orthodox sleep ?

Question 133-6 : What are the main effects of a lack of sleep on performance ?

It increases fatigue reduces concentration and increases the risk of sensory illusions.

Question 133-7 : What is the effect of tiredness on attention ?

It reduces the ability to manage multiple matters.

Question 133-8 : Which of the following statements are correct 1 modern aircraft allow for 50 60% relative humidity in the cabin air under any conditions of flight which is satisfactory for the body2 thirst is a belated symptom of dehydration3 dehydration may lead to clinical manifestations such as dizziness and ?

2 3.

Question 133-9 : With regard to central vision which of the following statements are correct 1 it is due to the functioning of rods 2 it enables details colours and movement to be seen 3 its very active both during the day and at night4 it represents a zone where about 150000 cones per mm are located to give ?

2 4.

Options 1 and 3 are non runners as rods aren't in the central vision area cones are poor at night so choose the answer without them there's only one

Question 133-10 : What is the procedure above 10000 ft altitude when faced with explosive decompression ?

Don an oxygen mask and descend to below 10000 ft.

Question 133-11 : What is the approximate time of useful consciousness for a seated pilot following a rapid decompression at 35000 ft ?

45 seconds.

Img com encom070 169jpg

Question 133-12 : Which is the procedure to be followed when symptoms of decompression sickness occur ?

Descend to the lowest possible level and land as soon as possible.

Question 133-13 : What is decompression sickness ?

A condition resulting from the formation of nitrogen bubbles in bodily tissues and fluids after a cabin pressure loss at high altitude.

Question 133-14 : Noise induced hearing loss nihl is caused by ?

Damage to the sensitive membrane in the cochlea due to overexposure to noise.

Question 133-15 : Excessive exposure to noise can damage ?

The sensitive membrane in the cochlea.

Question 133-16 : The inner ear is able to perceive 1 angular acceleration 2 linear acceleration 3 noise ?

1 and 2 and 3 are correct.

com encom040 324jpgthe inner ear can be thought of as two organs the semicircular canals which serve as the body's balance organ the inner ear is able to detect acceleration deceleration posture and rotation and the cochlea which serves as the body's microphone converting sound pressure impulses from the outer ear into electrical impulses which are passed on to the brain via the auditory nerve

Question 133-17 : Visual disturbances can be caused by 1 hyperventilation2 hypoxia3 hypertension4 fatigue ?

1 2 and 4 are correct.

Symptoms of hyperventilation blurred tunnelling and clouding visionhypoxic hypoxia symptoms vision is affected early colour perception is reduced and peripheral vision is gradually lost the light sensitive cells of the eye are particularly oxygen hungry and a deterioration of night vision can occur at altitudes as low as 5000 ft tunnel vision develops making it necessary to make larger head movements to scan the instruments and the external environmentfatigue symptoms diminished vision reduced scan

Question 133-18 : Disorientation is more likely to occur when the pilot is 1 flying in imc2 frequently changing between inside and outside references3 flying from imc into vmc4 approaching over still water at night ?

1 2 and 4 are correct.

Visual references help to rectify disorientation

Question 133-19 : Positive linear acceleration when flying in imc instrument meteorological conditions may cause a false sensation of ?

Pitching up.

Question 133-20 : Linear acceleration when flying straight and level in imc instrumental meteorological conditions may give the illusion of ?

Climbing.

Question 133-21 : Which of the following are the most favourable solutions to manage phases of reduced or low vigilance hypovigilance 1 healthy living2 use of amphetamines3 reducing the intensity of the light4 organising periods of rest during the flight ?

1 4.

Question 133-22 : During gas exchange the partial pressure of carbon dioxide in the alveoli is ?

Lower than in the blood.

Question 133-23 : The rate and depth of breathing is primarily regulated by the concentration of ?

Carbon dioxide in the blood.

Question 133-24 : A pressurized cabin helps to prevent 1 decompression sickness 2 the problem of expansion of gases in the intestines 3 hypoxia 4 coronary desease ?

1 2 and 3 are correct.

Question 133-25 : Healthy people are usually capable of compensating for a lack of oxygen up to ?

10 000 12 000 feet.

Question 133-26 : When flying above 10000 feet hypoxia arises because ?

The partial oxygen pressure is lower than at sea level.

We are about 75% water therefore the air in our lungs is always fully saturated with water vapour this means the air in our lungs is different to the air outside because it contains a much higher proportion of water vapour this water vapour exerts a partial pressure too and this competes with the other gases in our lungs the partial pressure exerted by water vapour in our lungs is 47 mmhg it is always 47 mmhg at any altitude whatever you are breathing in because it is always fully saturated with water vapour the partial pressure of oxygen in our lungs at sea level is 103 mmhg 150 mmhg from the atmosphere but take away the constant 47 mmhg from the water vapour and this leaves 103 mmhg so in our lungs sea level partial pressure of oxygen is about 103 mmhg at 10000 ft this pressure drops to 55 mmhg but this is enough for normal fit people to get by on above 10000 ft the oxygen concentration breathed in has to be increased to maintain the oxygen partial pressure at 103 mmhg ie more oxygen is added to the air mix in the mask at 33700 ft breathing 100% oxygen still provides a partial pressure of 103 mmhg just like being at sea level as far as our bodies are concerned between 33700 ft and 40000 ft the partial pressure of oxygen in your lungs decreases to 55 mmhg so although you are now breathing 100% oxygen through a mask the pressure this oxygen exerts in your lungs is only 55 mmhg a normal fit person is still ok as he is at the equivalent altitude of about 10000 ft but people with heart or lungs problems may start to feel the strain and many do above 40000 ft even the 100% oxygen in your mask cannot provide enough pressure to push the molecules into the blood stream you need positive pressure added to your 100% oxygen to force it across the lung wall we are ok up to 10000 ft because haemoglobin has cleverly adapted its behaviour with respect to the absorption and release of oxy it is still able to gobble up oxygen from the lungs and almost fully saturate the blood even at the lower partial pressures experienced at 10000 ft this allows humans to live at these altitudes above 10000 ft though the haemoglobin struggles to absorb sufficient oxy humans living above these altitudes peru etc have other adaptations but note there are almost no humans who live above about 12000 ft

Question 133-27 : Saturation of oxygen in the blood at sea level is approximately 98% this saturation decreases with 1 decreasing air pressure2 carbon monoxide poisoning3 increasing altitude4 increasing air pressure ?

1 2 and 3 are correct 4 is false.

Question 133-28 : The severity of hypoxia depends on the 1 rate of decompression2 physical fitness3 flight level4 individual tolerance ?

1 2 3 and 4 are correct.

Question 133-29 : Which of the following statements concerning hypoxia is correct ?

It is a potential threat to safety.

Question 133-30 : Early symptoms of hypoxia could be 1 euphoria2 decreased rate and depth of breathing3 lack of concentration4 visual disturbances ?

1 3 and 4 are correct.

The symptoms of hypoxia include fatigue visual disturbances lack of concentration euphoria

Question 133-31 : One of the most dangerous symptoms of hypoxia concerning flight safety is ?

Impaired judgement.

Question 133-32 : Which of the following symptoms can indicate hypoxia 1 blue lips and finger nails2 euphoria3 flatulence4 unconsciousness ?

1 2 and 4 are correct.

Question 133-33 : You are crossing the alps in a non pressurised aircraft at an altitude of 15000 feet you do not use the oxygen mask because you feel fine this is unsafe because ?

Your judgement could be impaired.

Question 133-34 : During a night flight at 10000 feet you notice that your visual acuity has decreased in this case you can increase your acuity by ?

Breathing extra oxygen through the oxygen mask.

Question 133-35 : During flight all crew members have one or more of the following symptoms 1 blue lips2 mental disturbances3 tingling sensations in arms andor legs4 reduction of peripheral visionwhich is the possible cause ?

Hypoxia.

Question 133-36 : Which measure s will help to compensate for hypoxia 1 descend below 10 000 ft2 breathe 100% oxy 3 climb to or above 10 000 ft4 reduce physical activities ?

1 2 and 4 are correct.

Question 133-37 : Oxygen combined with haemoglobin in blood is transported by ?

Red blood cells.

Question 133-38 : Haemoglobin is ?

In the red blood cells.

Question 133-39 : The following course of action should be taken if gastrointestinal complaints in flight crew occur before to take off 1 take the standard medicines and advise the doctor on returning from the flight2 assess your own ability to fly if necessary with the help of a doctor3 if in doubt about fitness to ?

2 3.

Question 133-40 : Which of the following systems are involved in motion sickness 1 hearing2 the vestibular system3 vision 4 the proprioceptive senses seat of the pants sense 5 the gastrointestinal system ?

2 3 4 5.

Motion sickness is an inexpedient seemingly meaningless reaction to a balance system stimulation the currently most widely accepted theory of the aetiology of motion sickness has been suggested by reason semantically it is contradictory that motion sickness under certain circumstances can be caused by the absence of motion if a person has been adapted to a motion environment like a ship and returns to a normal non moving environment he may become sick mal de débarquement an experienced pilot flying a simulator easily feels sick due to the lack ofthe customary vestibular stimuli in the simulator and may feel embarrassed when he realises thata much less experienced pilot not habituated to the intimate correlation between certain visual and inertial stimuli of flying does not experience any simulator sickness symptoms at allmotion sickness symptomatology can be described as an avalanche of symptoms developing at various speeds culminating in nausea and vomiting the important initial symptoms are drowsiness the first to yawn is the first to throw up and headache then hyper salivation bodilywarmth cold sweat paleness and various degrees of mental depression or apathy develop this isaccompanied by the development of an awareness of the stomach into epigastrial discomfort and retching at the same time a feeling of nausea located to the throat develops culminating invomiting followed by a return to an earlier step of the symptomatology very often just to realisethat a new development of symptoms is on its way