Judging by the chart what wind speeds can you expect at fl 310 above london . ? [ Revision flight ]

Question 133-1 : 90 kt 300 kt 140 kt 110 km/h

exemple 233 90 kt. — Admin . 632.a jet stream is passing right above london at fl310 .pennants correspond to 50 kt .feathers correspond to 10 kt .half feathers correspond to 5 kt .1 pennant + 4 feathers = 90 kt 90 kt.

When in the northern hemisphere at the same latitude the distance between ?

Question 133-2 : The gradient wind in a low pressure area is weaker than in a high pressure area the geostrophic wind speed is less than the gradient wind speed in a low pressure area the coriolis force in a high pressure area is smaller than the gradient force in a high pressure area the wind around a low pressure area is stronger than around a high pressure area

exemple 237 The gradient wind in a low pressure area is weaker than in a high pressure area. — Pressure gradient is the difference in pressure between high and low pressure areas wind speed is directly proportional to the pressure gradient this means the strongest winds are in the areas where the pressure gradient is the greatest . the stronger the pressure gradient the more tightly packed the isobars are the stronger the wind speed The gradient wind in a low pressure area is weaker than in a high pressure area.

Which of the following statements is correct concerning the geostrophic wind ?

Question 133-3 : It is present at latitudes higher than about 15 degrees north/south it is present in a pressure system consisting of curved and non parallel isobars a horizontal temperature difference of at least 5 degrees celsius per 100 km is required to have geostrophic wind conditions it is only present in the friction layer

Admin .to have a geostrophic wind we need to have a pressure gradient force and coriolis force create by earth's rotation and depending on geographic latitude .we need to have two differents air mass to have a pressure gradient force pgf . 564.since the earth rotates objects that are above the earth apparently move or are deflected if they are already moving owing to it's rotation this apparent motion is caused by the coriolis force .in the northern hemisphere objects will be deflected to their right while in the southern hemisphere objects will be deflected to their left .the magnitude of the deflection is also a function of distance from the equator and velocity so the farther from the equator the object is the greater the deflection and the faster an object is moving the greater the deflection .these 'objects' can be anything from airplanes to birds to missiles to parcels of air . 565.the effect of the coriolis force for various latitudes . 566.we can see that coriolis force is maximum at high latitudes and minimum at the equator .thus the geostrophic wind is present at latitudes higher than about 15° north/south

What is the significance to aviation of breaks or steps in the tropopause ?

Question 133-4 : They indicate the position of strong upper winds they indicate the position and movement of anticyclones they indicate the position and movement of tropical revolving storms they indicate light winds at the surface the 'horse latitudes'

exemple 245 They indicate the position of strong upper winds. — The 'breaks' or 'steps' in the tropopause are at the polar front and at the boundary between tropical and sub tropical air which is where the polar front and sub tropical jet streams are located . 595.this is the position of strong upper winds They indicate the position of strong upper winds.

Where are the westerlies to be expected ?

Question 133-5 : In the mid latitudes in the subtropical high pressure belt between 10° and 30° north or south between 65° and 80° north or south

Admin . 596.westerlies average latitude are 50°n and 50°s

Katabatic wind is ?

Question 133-6 : A flow of cold air down the slope of a mountain a flow of cold air blowing from sea to land a flow of warm air up the slope of a hill caused by surface heating a flow of warm air blowing from land to sea

exemple 253 A flow of cold air down the slope of a mountain. — Cqb15 september 2011 A flow of cold air down the slope of a mountain.

What is the average wind forecast for fl 300 between moscow and kiev . 378 ?

Question 133-7 : 260/65 230/55 090/60 050/60

exemple 257 260/65. — Admin . 636.close to moscow wind is from 270°/65 kt .close to kiev wind is from 250°/80 kt 260/65.

Which of the following is correct regarding geostrophic wind ?

Question 133-8 : It blows parallel to straight equidistant isobars it blows parallel to curved isobars it blows across the isobars from high to low pressure it is the wind resulting from the vector sum of gradient wind and surface wind such that the geostrophic wind normally blows at an angle of 20 45 degrees relative to the isobars

exemple 261 It blows parallel to straight equidistant isobars. — The speed of a geostrophic wind calculated from the pressure gradient air density rotational velocity of the earth and latitude the calculation ignores the curvature of the wind's path a geostrophic wind is proportional to the pressure gradient or inversely proportional to the distance between the isobars . 568.winds exist because of horizontal and vertical pressure gradient so atmospheric motion can be deduced from isobaric surface charts etc if the horizontal pressure gradient force is exactly balanced in magnitude by coriolis effect accelerations of the air will be relatively small and a geostrophic wind will flow horizontally at a constant speed proportional to the isobaric spacing gradient perpendicular to the two opposing forces and parallel to straight isobars thus geostrophic wind speed is proportional to the pressure gradient the closer the isobars the higher will be geostrophic wind speed It blows parallel to straight equidistant isobars.

In this question the wind speed with straight isobars vst the wind speed ?

Question 133-9 : Vst < vhigh and vst > vlow vst > vhigh and vst < vlow vst < vhigh and vst < vlow vst > vhigh and vst > vlow

exemple 265 Vst < vhigh and vst > vlow. — Admin .for same pressure gradient and same latitude the gradient wind is 'high round a high' vhigh and 'low round a low' vlow when compared to the geostrophic wind vst Vst < vhigh and vst > vlow.

Which of the following is correct regarding the wind speed in a jet stream in ?

Question 133-10 : With colder air to the left when looking downwind the wind speed increases with height while with the colder air to the right the wind speed decreases with height with colder air behind when looking downwind the windspeed increases with height while with the colder air ahead the windspeed decreases with height with colder air to the left when looking upwind the wind speed increases with height while with the colder air to the right the wind speed decreases with height with colder air ahead when looking downwind the wind speed increases with height while with the colder air behind the wind speed decreases with height

exemple 269 With colder air to the left when looking downwind, the wind speed increases with height, while with the colder air to the right the wind speed decreases with height. — The jet lies in the warm air above the frontal surface looking downwind the warm air tropopause lies to the right and above the core the cold air tropopause to the left and a litle lower than the core . 637.looking downwind the air in a jet core slowly rotates in a counterclockwise fashion .if you stand with your back to the wind and have cold air on your left you are below the core of the jet and wind speed will increase as you climb if you stand with your back to the wind and colder air the colder air from the warm tropopause which is colder than the air of the cold tropopause is on your right you are above the core of the jet and wind speed will decrease as you climb With colder air to the left when looking downwind, the wind speed increases with height, while with the colder air to the right the wind speed decreases with height.

Strongest clear air turbulence is to be expected ?

Question 133-11 : On the cold air side of the jet stream core on the warm air side of the jet stream core in the jet stream core about 10000 ft above the jet stream core

exemple 273 On the cold air side of the jet stream core. — This question is similar to question 266 . in which zone of a polar front jet stream is the strongest cat to be expected on the polar air side of the core . 534.the strongest cat is in the warm tropical air but on the cold polar air side of the core On the cold air side of the jet stream core.

Which of the following statements is correct regarding the variation of wind ?

Question 133-12 : The wind normally veers during climb out through the first 2000 3000 feet in the northern hemisphere the wind normally backs during climb out through the first 2000 3000 feet in the northern hemisphere the wind strength normally increases by a factor of 2 per 1000 feet up to the 850 hpa level the wind strength normally increases by a factor of 2 per 500 feet up to the 700 hpa level

exemple 277 The wind normally veers during climb out through the first 2000-3000 feet in the northern hemisphere. — The wind normally veers during climb out through the first 2000-3000 feet in the northern hemisphere.

On which latitudes can the coriolis force in practice be neglected for ?

Question 133-13 : From 0 to about 10 degrees north and south from about 10 to about 30 degrees north and south from about 30 to about 75 degrees north and south from about 75 to 90 degrees north and south

exemple 281 From 0 to about 10 degrees north and south. — From 0 to about 10 degrees north and south.

Where is the wind speed of a polar front jet stream normally at its strongest ?

Question 133-14 : In the area between a trough and a ridge in the area of a trough in the area where the jet stream is curving around a depression in the area where the jet stream is curving around an anticyclone

exemple 285 In the area between a trough and a ridge. — Generally a trough of low pressure refers to region of low pressure within v shaped isobars it usually projects from a large and distant depression there is a sudden wind shift across the axis the axis is shown as broken lines on a weather chart of the trough which is associated with cloud and rain .a ridge of high pressure refers to a wedge shaped extension of a high pressure area and occurs between two depressions or lows wind shift is gradual across a ridge shown as zig zag line the ridge has a central area of light winds and clear skies .the ridge and trough are usually associated with different air masses warm and cold .this is where you get maximum temperature contrast and strongest thermal wind speed In the area between a trough and a ridge.

What is the icao qualifying term for the described intensity of turbulence ?

Question 133-15 : Severe moderate light noticeable

exemple 289 Severe. — Ecqb01 2013..procedures for air navigation services air traffic management pans atm doc 4444 .instructions for air reporting by voice communications.moderate conditions in which moderate changes in aircraft attitude and/or altitude may occur but the aircraft remains in positive control at all times usually small variations in airspeed changes in accelerometer readings of 0 5 g to 1 0 g at the aircraft's centre of gravity difficulty in walking occupants feel strain against seat belts loose objects move about .severe conditions in which abrupt changes in aircraft attitude and/or altitude occur aircraft may be out of control for short periods usually large variations in airspeed changes in accelerometer readings greater than 1 0 g at the aircraft's centre of gravity occupants are forced violently against seat belts loose objects are tossed about Severe.

What wind direction will occur over the land at point e . 388 ?

Question 133-16 : West northeast southeast southwest

exemple 293 West. — Admin .at low elevations friction will slow the air and hence the coriolis force will be less effective in its deflection of the wind . 561.as the elevation decreases the direction backs changes direction in an counter clockwise motion in northern hemisphere .at mid latitude over land wind speed in friction layer decrease by 50% angle between wind direction and isobars changes by 30° value to be used in examinations we are in northern hemisphere from the way the fronts are positioned therefore at point e the wind is from the west West.

What wind direction will occur over the land at point b . 389 ?

Question 133-17 : Southwest east southeast northwest

exemple 297 Southwest. — Admin .at low elevations friction will slow the air and hence the coriolis force will be less effective in its deflection of the wind . 561.as the elevation decreases the direction backs changes direction in an counter clockwise motion in northern hemisphere .at mid latitude over land wind speed in friction layer decrease by 50% angle between wind direction and isobars changes by 30° value to be used in examinations we are in northern hemisphere from the way the fronts are positioned therefore at point b the wind is from the southwest Southwest.

What kind of turbulence is caused by the friction of air flowing over the ?

Question 133-18 : Mechanical turbulence convective turbulence turbulence in downdrafts clear air turbulence

exemple 301 Mechanical turbulence. — Ecqb01 june 2013 Mechanical turbulence.

Which of the following values corresponds to a ne wind ?

Question 133-19 : 045° 225° 315° 275°

Which of the following values corresponds to a se wind ?

Question 133-20 : 135° 045° 225° 315°

Which of the following values corresponds to a nw wind ?

Question 133-21 : 315° 045° 225° 135°

Which of the following values corresponds to a sw wind ?

Question 133-22 : 225° 135° 045° 315°

What is the average wind at fl 160 between zurich and rome . 397 ?

Question 133-23 : 020°/50 kt 200°/45 kt 350°/40 kt 050°/40 kt

Judging by the chart what windspeeds can you expect at fl 340 above rome . 398 ?

Question 133-24 : 145 kt 95 kt 340 kt 140 km/h

Select from the map the average wind for the route frankfurt rome at fl 170 . ?

Question 133-25 : 230/40 200/50 050/40 030/35

exemple 329 230/40. — Admin . 465.at fl180 you will find an average wind from 235° and a speed of 15 + 15 + 35 + 50 + 70 / 5 = 37 kt .closest answer is 230°/40 kt 230/40.

At 40°n 70°w the forecast wind is . 416 ?

Question 133-26 : 270°/95 kt 280°/70 kt 320°/40 kt 240°/90 kt

A layer is conditionally unstable if the air ?

Question 133-27 : Is unstable for saturated air and stable for dry air is stable for saturated air and unstable for dry air becomes stable by lifting it is unstable for saturated air as well as for dry air

exemple 337 Is unstable for saturated air and stable for dry air. — Admin .if the environmental lapse rate elr is more than 3°c/1000 ft dry adiabatic lapse rate the environment is unstable .if the environmental lapse rate elr is less than 1 8°c/1000 ft saturated adiabatic lapse rate the environment is stable .but .if the environmental lapse rate elr is more than 1 8°c/1000 ft but less than 3°c/1000 ft we have conditional stability . stable if air is dry unsaturated .or. unstable if air is saturated Is unstable for saturated air and stable for dry air.

A parcel of unsaturated air is lifted to just below the condensation level and ?

Question 133-28 : The same as the starting temperature higher than the starting temperature lower than the starting temperature it depends upon the qfe

exemple 341 The same as the starting temperature. — Admin .air can hold a certain amount of water depending on it's temperature warmer air can hold more water vapour than colder air .will climbing the parcel cools and hold less water vapour when the parcel comes back at its original level it will warm and come back in his original state The same as the starting temperature.

What characteristic is associated with a temperature inversion ?

Question 133-29 : Stability instability clear ice area of active storms

Absolute instability is said to exist whenever the environmental lapse rate ?

Question 133-30 : Exceeds the dry adiabatic lapse rate is less than the dry adiabatic lapse rate is less than the saturated adiabatic lapse rate is between the dry and saturated adiabatic lapse rate

exemple 349 Exceeds the dry adiabatic lapse rate — Admin .if the environmental lapse rate elr is more than 3°c/1000 ft dry adiabatic lapse rate the environment is unstable .if the environmental lapse rate elr is less than 1 8°c/1000 ft saturated adiabatic lapse rate the environment is stable .but .if the environmental lapse rate elr is more than 1 8°c/1000 ft but less than 3°c/1000 ft we have conditional stability . stable if air is dry unsaturated .or. unstable if air is saturated Exceeds the dry adiabatic lapse rate

Which of the following is a possible consequence of subsidence ?

Question 133-31 : An inversion over a large area with haze mist cb clouds and thunderstorms over a large area wide spread ns and as clouds and intense precipitation clear air turbulence at higher altitudes

exemple 353 An inversion over a large area with haze, mist. — Admin . 500.sinking air will dissipate cloud especially at lower levels and trap any pollution giving poor visibility An inversion over a large area with haze, mist.

What does 'dew point' mean ?

Question 133-32 : The temperature to which a mass of air must be cooled in order to reach saturation the temperature at which ice melts the freezing level danger of icing the temperature at which the relative humidity and saturation vapour pressure are the same

exemple 357 The temperature to which a mass of air must be cooled in order to reach saturation. — The temperature to which a mass of air must be cooled in order to reach saturation.

Which of the following is the definition of relative humidity ?

Question 133-33 : Ratio between the actual mixing ratio and the saturation mixing ratio x 100 ratio between air temperature and dewpoint temperature x 100 ratio between water vapour pressure and atmospheric pressure x 100 ratio between water vapour g and air kg x 100

exemple 361 Ratio between the actual mixing ratio and the saturation mixing ratio x 100 — Admin .the most commonly used measure of humidity is relative humidity relative humidity can be simply defined as the amount of water in the air relative to the saturation amount the air can hold at a given temperature multiplied by 100 air with a relative humidity of 50% contains a half of the water vapor it could hold at a particular temperature . 501. concept of relative humidity Ratio between the actual mixing ratio and the saturation mixing ratio x 100

The relative humidity of a sample air mass is 50% .how is the relative humidity ?

Question 133-34 : It increases with increasing water vapour it is not influenced by changing water vapour it decreases with increasing water vapour it is only influenced by temperature

exemple 365 It increases with increasing water vapour. — Admin .the most commonly used measure of humidity is relative humidity relative humidity can be simply defined as the amount of water in the air relative to the saturation amount the air can hold at a given temperature multiplied by 100 air with a relative humidity of 50% contains a half of the water vapor it could hold at a particular temperature . 501. concept of relative humidity It increases with increasing water vapour.

Relative humidity ?

Question 133-35 : Changes when water vapour is added even though the temperature remains constant is not affected when air is ascending or descending is not affected by temperature changes of the air does not change when water vapour is added provided the temperature of the air remains constant

exemple 369 Changes when water vapour is added, even though the temperature remains constant. — Admin .the most commonly used measure of humidity is relative humidity relative humidity can be simply defined as the amount of water in the air relative to the saturation amount the air can hold at a given temperature multiplied by 100 air with a relative humidity of 50% contains a half of the water vapor it could hold at a particular temperature . 501. concept of relative humidity Changes when water vapour is added, even though the temperature remains constant.

How if at all is the relative humidity of an unsaturated air mass influenced by ?

Question 133-36 : It decreases with increasing temperature it is not influenced by temperature changes it increases with increasing temperature it is only influenced by the amount of water vapour

exemple 373 It decreases with increasing temperature. — Admin .the most commonly used measure of humidity is relative humidity relative humidity can be simply defined as the amount of water in the air relative to the saturation amount the air can hold at a given temperature multiplied by 100 air with a relative humidity of 50% contains a half of the water vapor it could hold at a particular temperature . 501. concept of relative humidity It decreases with increasing temperature.

How does relative humidity and the dewpoint in an unsaturated air mass change ?

Question 133-37 : When temperature increases the relative humidity decreases and the dewpoint remains constant when temperature increases the relative humidity increases and the dewpoint decreases when temperature decreases the relative humidity decreases and the dewpoint increases when temperature decreases the relative humidity and the dewpoint remain constant

exemple 377 When temperature increases, the relative humidity decreases, and the dewpoint remains constant. — Admin .relative humidity is a percentage based on how much moisture is in the air versus how much moisture the air can hold .relative humidity will change if moisture is added to or taken from the air mass or if the temperature changes .if temperature increases relative humidity decreases and if temperature decreases relative humidity increases .the dewpoint is the temperature that the atmosphere must reach for a parcel of air to become fully saturated in an unsaturated air mass the dewpoint will remains constant if the temperature changes When temperature increases, the relative humidity decreases, and the dewpoint remains constant.

When a given mass of air descends what effect will it have on relative humidity ?

Question 133-38 : It decreases it increases it remains constant it increases up to 100% then remains stable

exemple 381 It decreases. — Admin .when air descends its temperature increases if temperature increases relative humidity will decrease . 501 It decreases.

During the late afternoon an air temperature of +12°c and a dew point of +5°c ?

Question 133-39 : It must decrease to +5°c it must decrease to +6°c it must decrease to +7°c it must decrease by 5°c

exemple 385 It must decrease to +5°c. — Admin .if air temperature decreases by 5°c air temperature will not be saturated 12°c 5°c = 7°c .so air temperature must decrease to +5°c to become saturated air temperature and dew point must be equal It must decrease to +5°c.

Which of the following changes of state is known as sublimation in meteorology ?

Question 133-40 : Solid direct to vapour solid direct to liquid liquid direct to solid liquid direct to vapour

exemple 389 Solid direct to vapour. — Admin .sublimation is the process in which a material changes from a frozen solid to a gas without passing through the intermediate liquid state Solid direct to vapour.

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