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Question 138-1 : Which of the following conditions would cause the altimeter to indicate a lower altitude than that actually flown ? [ Revision flight ]

Air temperature higher than standard

Admin .if the temperature or pressure is higher than isa your true altitude will be higher than indicated you are safe if the temperature or pressure is lower than isa your true altitude will be lower than indicated or closer to the ground which is dangerous .if it is cold imagine the air 'shrinking' down so the pressure level will be closer to the ground while if it is hot the air will 'expand' so the pressure level will be higher above the ground .remember the altimeter is reading a pressure level but it does not know how high the pressure level is above the ground if you are flying at 10000 ft indicated you are following the 700 hpa line and although you are keeping the altimeter at 10000 ft you will not always be at 10000 ft above the ground exemple 238 Air temperature higher than standard.

Question 138-2 : The qff at an airfield located 400 metres above sea level is 1016 hpa the air temperature is 10°c lower than a standard atmosphere what is the qnh ?

Less than 1016 hpa

Admin .qff is atmospheric pressure at sea level .qnh is the setting which will give airfield elevation when parked on the airfield .in cold conditions a column of air will shrink so the 'cold' qnh will be less than qff and the 'warm' qnh will be more than qff .this table will help for the exam . 539

Question 138-3 : The qnh at an airfield located 200 metres above sea level is 1009 hpa the air temperature is 10°c lower than a standard atmosphere what is the qff ?

More than 1009 hpa

.qff is atmospheric pressure at sea level .qnh is the setting which will give airfield elevation when parked on the airfield .in cold conditions a column of air will shrink so the cold qnh will be less than qff and the warm qnh will be more than qff .this table will help for the exam . 539 exemple 246 More than 1009 hpa.

Question 138-4 : The qnh at an airfield located 200 metres above sea level is 1022 hpa the air temperature is not available what is the qff ?

It is not possible to give a definitive answer

Admin .qff is atmospheric pressure at sea level .qnh is the setting which will give airfield elevation when parked on the airfield .in cold conditions a column of air will shrink so the 'cold' qnh will be less than qff and the 'warm' qnh will be more than qff .this table will help for the exam . 539.we need to know the temperature exemple 250 It is not possible to give a definitive answer.

Question 138-5 : The qnh at an airfield located 0 metres above sea level is 1022 hpa the air temperature is not available what is the qff ?

1022 hpa

Admin .qff is atmospheric pressure at sea level .qnh is the setting which will give airfield elevation when parked on the airfield .in cold conditions a column of air will shrink so the 'cold' qnh will be less than qff and the 'warm' qnh will be more than qff .this table will help for the exam . 539.when temperature is unknown you are unable to calculate qff expect at mean sea level .at sea level qfe = qnh = qff regardless of temperature because you are not correcting up or down to find msl .pantalejandro .fast and furious analogy .qff = fast furious.from the starting point all 3 race cars 'qfe qnh and qff' are at same position m s l same pressure value as the race goes on qff =>fast furious'  will lead if it is cold colder than isa= more thrust => 'qnh is less' or will lag behind if it is warm warmer than isa = less thrust => 'qnh is more' while the other two cars will go hand by hand .note below m s l the story is reverted > qff less if colder .i made this out hope it works for you guys exemple 254 1022 hpa.

Question 138-6 : The qnh at an airfield in california located 69 metres below sea level is 1018 hpa the air temperature is 10°c higher than a standard atmosphere what is the qff ?

More than 1018 hpa

Qff is atmospheric pressure at sea level .qnh is the setting which will give airfield elevation when parked on the airfield .in cold conditions a column of air will shrink so the 'cold' qnh will be less than qff and the 'warm' qnh will be more than qff .this table will help for the exam . 539 exemple 258 More than 1018 hpa.

Question 138-7 : The qff at an airfield in california located 69 metres below sea level is 1030 hpa the air temperature is 10°c lower than a standard atmosphere what is the qnh ?

More than 1030 hpa

Admin .qff is atmospheric pressure at sea level .qnh is the setting which will give airfield elevation when parked on the airfield .in cold conditions a column of air will shrink so the 'cold' qnh will be less than qff and the 'warm' qnh will be more than qff .this table will help for the exam . 539 exemple 262 More than 1030 hpa

Question 138-8 : If the qfe at locarno 200 metres above sea level is 980 hpa what is the approximate qnh ?

1005 hpa

Admin .the qfe indicates in standard atmosphere the height of the aircraft above the official airport elevation an altimeter set to qfe will therefore read zero when on the ground and you want the qnh to read an altitude .. qfe 980 hpa.|.| 200m / 8m per hpa = 25 hpa.|.| qnh 1005 hpa exemple 266 1005 hpa.

Question 138-9 : If the qfe at locarno 200 metres above sea level is 1000 hpa what is the approximate qnh ?

1025 hpa

Admin .the qfe indicates in standard atmosphere the height of the aircraft above the official airport elevation an altimeter set to qfe will therefore read zero when on the ground and you want the qnh to read an altitude .. qfe 1000 hpa.|.| 200m / 8m per hpa = 25 hpa.|.| qnh 1025 hpa exemple 270 1025 hpa.

Question 138-10 : If the qnh at locarno 200 metres above sea level is 1015 hpa what is the approximate qfe ?

990 hpa

Admin .the qfe indicates in standard atmosphere the height of the aircraft above the official airport elevation an altimeter set to qfe will therefore read zero when on the ground .qnh is the setting which will give airfield elevation when parked on the airfield .. qfe 990hpa.|.| 200m / 8m per hpa = 25hpa.|.| qnh 1015hpa .use this craftiness .your altimeter is reading 675 ft 200 m when parked on the airfield with a subscale setting of 1015 hpa you want to read 0 ft the qfe you must decrease the subscale setting until the needle shows 0 ft the adjustment knob turns counter clockwise as the needle . 541 exemple 274 990 hpa.

Question 138-11 : If the qnh at locarno 200 metres above sea level is 1025 hpa what is the approximate qfe ?

1000 hpa

Admin .the qfe indicates in standard atmosphere the height of the aircraft above the official airport elevation an altimeter set to qfe will therefore read zero when on the ground .qnh is the setting which will give airfield elevation when parked on the airfield .. qfe 1000hpa.|.| 200m / 8m per hpa = 25hpa.|.| qnh 1025hpa .use this craftiness .your altimeter is reading 675 ft 200 m when parked on the airfield with a subscale setting of 1025 hpa you want to read 0 ft the qfe you must decrease the subscale setting until the needle shows 0 ft the adjustment knob turns counter clockwise as the needle . 541 exemple 278 1000 hpa.

Question 138-12 : If you are flying at fl 300 in an air mass that is 15°c warmer than a standard atmosphere what is the outside temperature likely to be ?

30°c

Admin .in standard atmosphere the decrease in temperature per 1000 feet is 2°c .in standard atmosphere temperature is 15°c at 0 ft .at fl300 temperature is 15°c 30 x 2°c = 45°c .air mass is 15°c warmer than standard . 45°c + 15°c = 30°c exemple 282 -30°c.

Question 138-13 : If you are flying at fl 100 in an air mass that is 10°c warmer than a standard atmosphere what is the outside temperature likely to be ?

+5°c

Admin .in standard atmosphere the decrease in temperature per 1000 feet is 2°c .in standard atmosphere temperature is 15°c at 0 ft .at fl100 temperature is 15°c 10 x 2°c = 5°c .air mass is 10°c warmer than standard . 5°c + 10°c = +5°c exemple 286 +5°c.

Question 138-14 : If you are flying at fl 120 and the outside temperature is 2°c at what altitude will the 'freezing level' be ?

Fl 110

Admin .in standard atmosphere the decrease in temperature per 1000 feet is 2°c .at fl120 temperature is 2°c .1000 ft below temperature will be 2° warmer .1000 ft above temperature will be 2° colder .the 'freezing level' 0°c will be at fl 110 exemple 290 Fl 110.

Question 138-15 : An aircraft flying at fl 100 from marseille qnh 1012 hpa to palma de mallorca qnh 1006 hpa experiences no change to true altitude the reason for this is that ?

The air at palma de mallorca is warmer than that at marseille

Admin .case n°1 . 540.if temperature is the same between both locations the true altitude will be reduced over palma by 6 hpa around 162 ft .case n°2 exemple 294 The air at palma de mallorca is warmer than that at marseille.

Question 138-16 : During a flight over the sea at fl 100 from marseille qnh 1012 hpa to palma de mallorca qnh 1012 hpa the true altitude is constantly increasing what action if any should be taken ?

None the reason for the change is that the air around palma is warmer than the air around marseille

exemple 298 None, the reason for the change is that the air around palma is warmer than the air around marseille

Question 138-17 : During a flight over the sea at fl 100 from marseille qnh 1016 hpa to palma de mallorca qnh 1016 hpa the true altitude is constantly decreasing what is the probable reason for this ?

The air at marseille is warmer than that at palma de mallorca

Admin .if the qnh remains unchanged and the true altitude is constantly decreasing the only reason is a reduction of the volume of the 'air mass' how an 'air mass' can contract .the temperature is decreasing and thus the density is increasing .the air at palma de mallorca is colder than that at marseille in other words air at marseille is warmer than that at palma de mallorca exemple 302 The air at marseille is warmer than that at palma de mallorca.

Question 138-18 : During a flight over the sea at fl 135 the true altitude is 13500 feet local qnh is 1019 hpa what information if any can be gained about the air mass in which the aircraft is flying ?

It is colder than isa

Admin .if you are flying at fl135 your subscale altimeter setting is 1013 hpa .if the local qnh is 1019 hpa and if you set your second altimeter with this value you will normally read more than 13500 ft .but you read today 13500 ft this is your true altitude it means that the air mass is colder than isa air mass is contracted exemple 306 It is colder than isa.

Question 138-19 : An aircraft is flying over the sea at fl 90 the true altitude is 9100 feet local qnh is unknown .what assumption if any can be made about the air mass in which the aircraft is flying ?

There is insufficient information to make any assumption

Admin .you need to know the local qnh even if we know that the aircraft is flying flight levels 1013 hpa there is insufficient information to make any assumption .true altitude is 9100 ft do not mean that air mass is warmer than isa it could be because the local qnh is higher than 1013 hpa exemple 310 There is insufficient information to make any assumption.

Question 138-20 : An aircraft is flying over the sea at fl 120 with a true altitude of 12000 feet local qnh is 1013 hpa what assumption if any can be made about the air mass in which the aircraft is flying ?

Its average temperature is the same as isa

exemple 314 Its average temperature is the same as isa.

Question 138-21 : An aircraft is flying over the sea at fl 100 with a true altitude of 10000 feet local qnh is 1003 hpa what assumption if any can be made about the air mass in which the aircraft is flying ?

It is warmer than isa

Admin .if air temperature is isa at fl 100 with a subscale setting of 1013 hpa when turning the subscale knob to the left to set 1003 in the window our indicated altitude will be .1013 1003 = 10 hpa.10 x 27 = 270 ft.10000 270 = 9730 ft.the question states that our true altitude is 10000 ft so to remain at 10000 ft when passing from fl100 1013 hpa to 10000 ft 1003 hpa the air must be warmer than isa .it means that we were at fl100 1013 hpa or 10270 ft 1003 hpa exemple 318 It is warmer than isa.

Question 138-22 : Which layer of the atmosphere contains more than 90 per cent of all water vapour ?

Troposphere

exemple 322 Troposphere.

Question 138-23 : The temperature at fl 80 is +6°c what will the temperature be at fl 130 if the icao standard lapse rate is applied ?

4°c

Admin .the temperature lapse rates of the troposphere is mean value 0 65°c/100 m or 2°c/1000 ft .in isa temperature at fl80 should be 15° 2x8 = 1°c .as the current temperature at that level is +6°c you can say that at fl130 it is currently isa+7 .therefore at fl130 15° 2x13 = 11°c +7 from isa+7 = 4°c exemple 326 -4°c.

Question 138-24 : The temperature at fl 110 is 5°c what will the temperature be at fl 50 if the icao standard lapse rate is applied ?

+7°c

Admin .in isa temperature at fl110 should be 15° 2x11 = 7°c .as the current temperature at that fl is 5°c you can say that at fl110 it is currently isa+2 .therefore at fl50 15° 2x5 = 5°c +2 from isa+2 = 7°c exemple 330 +7°c.

Question 138-25 : The temperature at fl 160 is 22°c what will the temperature be at fl 90 if the icao standard lapse rate is applied ?

8°c

Admin .the temperature lapse rates of the troposphere is mean value 0 65°c/100 m or 2°c/1000 ft .in isa temperature at fl160 should be 15° 2x16 = 17°c .as the current temperature at that level is 22°c you can say that at fl160 it is currently isa 5 .therefore at fl90 15° 2x9 = 3°c + 5 from isa 5 = 8°c exemple 334 -8°c.

Question 138-26 : A temperature of +15°c is recorded at an altitude of 500 metres above sea level if the vertical temperature gradient is that of a standard atmosphere what will the temperature be at the summit of a mountain 2500 metres above sea level ?

+2°c

Admin .2°c/1000 ft = 6 5°c/1000 m.from 500 m to 2500 m temperature would drop by 6 5°c x 2 = 13°c .the temperature at the summit of the mountain will be 15°c 13°c = +2°c exemple 338 +2°c.

Question 138-27 : How would you characterise an air temperature of 15°c at the 700 hpa level over western europe ?

Low

Admin .there is a few questions in the exam that take information directly from that table below write these down on a sticky and have them on the wall beside you .1013 hpa = msl.850 hpa = fl50. 700 hpa = fl100 .500 hpa = fl180.300 hpa = fl300.200 hpa = fl390.isa temperature at fl100 is normally .15°c 2° x 10 = 5°c .we are 10° below isa the air temperature at this level is lower than standard exemple 342 Low.

Question 138-28 : An air temperature of 30°c at the 300 hpa level over central europe in summer is ?

High

Admin .300 hpa corresponds at flight level 300 .isa temperature at fl300 is 15º 2º x 30 = 45ºc.outside air temperature is 30°c instead of 45° air temperature is higher than standard temperature exemple 346 High.

Question 138-29 : How would you characterise an air temperature of 55°c at the 200 hpa level over western europe ?

Within +/ 5°c of isa

Admin .there is a few questions in the exam that take information directly from that table below write these down on a sticky and have them on the wall beside you .1013 hpa = msl.850 hpa = fl50.700 hpa = fl100.500 hpa = fl180.300 hpa = fl300.200 hpa = fl390..at fl390 200 hpa isa temperature is 15°c 2°c x 39 = 63°c but the lowest temperature in the icao standard atmosphere isa is 56 5°c .thus with an air temperature of 55°c we are within +/ 5°c of isa exemple 350 Within +/-5°c of isa.

Question 138-30 : What is the technical term for an increase in temperature with altitude ?

Inversion

exemple 354 Inversion.

Question 138-31 : The station pressure used in surface weather charts is ?

Qff

Admin .qff is obtained by taking the airfield pressure qfe and reducing it to sea level assuming the actual temperature at the airfield is constant isothermal down to that level this value is used by meteorologists on surface weather charts because it is more likely to accurately reflect actual conditions exemple 358 Qff.

Question 138-32 : Which fl corresponds with the 300 hpa pressure level ?

Fl 300

Admin .there is a few questions in the exam that take information directly from that table below write these down on a sticky and have them on the wall beside you .1013 hpa = msl.850 hpa = fl50.700 hpa = fl100.500 hpa = fl180.300 hpa = fl300.200 hpa = fl390.any others you can interpolate between these and figure it out .the decrease of 1hpa/27ft is only applicable at the lower levels of the troposphere as you go up and air pressure decreases the change of height per 1 hpa increases at msl 1hpa/27ft at fl180 it's 50ft/hpa and at fl390 it's 105ft/hpa exemple 362 Fl 300

Question 138-33 : Which fl corresponds with the 500 hpa pressure level ?

Fl 180

Admin .there is a few questions in the exam that take information directly from that table below write these down on a sticky and have them on the wall beside you .1013 hpa = msl.850 hpa = fl50.700 hpa = fl100.500 hpa = fl180.300 hpa = fl300.200 hpa = fl390.any others you can interpolate between these and figure it out .the decrease of 1hpa/27ft is only applicable at the lower levels of the troposphere as you go up and air pressure decreases the change of height per 1 hpa increases at msl 1hpa/27ft at fl180 it's 50ft/hpa and at fl390 it's 105ft/hpa exemple 366 Fl 180.

Question 138-34 : Which fl corresponds with the 700 hpa pressure level ?

Fl 100

Admin .there is a few questions in the exam that take information directly from that table below write these down on a sticky and have them on the wall beside you .1013 hpa = msl.850 hpa = fl50.700 hpa = fl100.500 hpa = fl180.300 hpa = fl300.200 hpa = fl390.any others you can interpolate between these and figure it out .the decrease of 1hpa/27ft is only applicable at the lower levels of the troposphere as you go up and air pressure decreases the change of height per 1 hpa increases at msl 1hpa/27ft at fl180 it's 50ft/hpa and at fl390 it's 105ft/hpa exemple 370 Fl 100.

Question 138-35 : Which fl corresponds with the 850 hpa pressure level ?

Fl 50

Admin .there is a few questions in the exam that take information directly from that table below write these down on a sticky and have them on the wall beside you .1013 hpa = msl.850 hpa = fl50.700 hpa = fl100.500 hpa = fl180.300 hpa = fl300.200 hpa = fl390.any others you can interpolate between these and figure it out .the decrease of 1hpa/27ft is only applicable at the lower levels of the troposphere as you go up and air pressure decreases the change of height per 1 hpa increases at msl 1hpa/27ft at fl180 it's 50ft/hpa and at fl390 it's 105ft/hpa exemple 374 Fl 50.

Question 138-36 : The qff at an airfield located 400 metres above sea level is 1016 hpa the air temperature is 10°c higher than a standard atmosphere what is the qnh ?

More than 1016 hpa

Admin .qff is atmospheric pressure at sea level .qnh is the setting which will give airfield elevation when parked on the airfield .in cold conditions a column of air will shrink so the 'cold' qnh will be less than qff and the 'warm' qnh will be more than qff .this table will help for the exam . 539 exemple 378 More than 1016 hpa.

Question 138-37 : An aircraft is descending to land under ifr if the local qnh is 1009 hpa what will happen to the altitude reading when the altimeter is reset at the transition level ?

It will decrease

Admin .at transition level you will reset your altimeter from 1013 hpa standard to qnh 1009 hpa . 541.you have to turn altimeter setting adjustement knob in a counter clockwise direction to decrease the indicated pressure .this will decrease the indicated altitude the needle moves in the same direction of the subscale knob exemple 382 It will decrease.

Question 138-38 : During the climb after take off the altimeter setting is adjusted at the transition altitude if the local qnh is 1023 hpa what will happen to the altimeter reading during the resetting procedure ?

It will decrease

Admin .at transition altitude you will reset your altimeter from qnh to 1013 hpa standard . 541.you have to turn altimeter setting adjustement knob in a counter clockwise direction to decrease the indicated pressure 1023 hpa to 1013 hpa .this will decrease the indicated altitude the needle moves in the same direction of the subscale knob exemple 386 It will decrease.

Question 138-39 : During the climb after take off the altimeter setting is adjusted at the transition altitude if the local qnh is 966 hpa what will happen to the altimeter reading during the resetting procedure ?

It will increase

Admin .at transition altitude you will reset your altimeter to standard 1013 hpa . 514.you have to turn altimeter setting adjustement knob in a clockwise direction to increase the indicated pressure .this will increase the indicated altitude exemple 390 It will increase.

Question 138-40 : An aircraft is flying from point a to point b on the upper level contour chart the altimeter setting is 1013 2 hpa which of these statements is correct . 292 ?

The true altitude will be higher at a than at b

Admin .point a is close to paris and the wind feather shows the wind is anti clockwise so it must be a low pressure if you follow the isobar around then b must be a low pressure as well but there are more isobars so it must be a 'lower' pressure .therefore you are flying from a low to lower pressure or practically from a high to a low true altitude must be higher at a exemple 394 The true altitude will be higher at a than at b


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