Question 143-1 : Less experienced pilots differ from experienced pilots in the following way ? [ Certification weather ]

Question 143-2 : Stress occurs 1 only in a situation of imminent danger2 only when faced with real existing and palpable phenomenon3 sometimes via imagination the anticipation of a situation or its outcome4 because of the similarity with a formerly experienced stressful situationthe correct statement s is are ?

3 4.

Question 143-3 : Cognitive evaluation which leads to stress is based on ?

The evaluation of the situation and the evaluation of capabilities to cope with it.

Question 143-4 : Which of the following physical stimuli may cause stress reactions 1 noise 2 conflict3 temperature 4 an istrative problem 5 hungerthe combination of correct statements is ?

1 3 5.

Question 143-5 : Acute stress quickly leads to ?

The mobilization of resources required to cope with the stressor.

Acute stress it is experienced in response to an immediate perceived threat either physical emotional or psychological the threat can be real or imagined it's the perception of threat that triggers the responseduring an acute stress response the autonomic nervous system is activated and the body experiences increased levels of cortisol adrenalin and other hormones that produce an increased heart rate quickened breathing rate and higher blood pressure blood is shunted from the extremities to the big muscles preparing the body to fight or run away this is also known as the fight or flight response

Question 143-6 : Human behaviour is determined by ?

Biological characteristics social environment and cultural influences.

Question 143-7 : Pilots are more easily inclined to take greater risks when ?

They are part of a group of pilots and they feel that they are being observed and admired eg air shows .

Question 143-8 : Judgement is based upon ?

A process involving a pilot's attitude to take and to evaluate risks by assessing the situation and making decisions based upon knowledge skill and experience.

Question 143-9 : The relevance of check procedures during flight becomes even more important when ?

Flying an unfamiliar type of aircraft and experiencing mental pressure.

Question 143-10 : Which of the following responses is an example of 'habit reversion' negative habit transfer ?

A pilot who has flown many hours in an aircraft in which the fuel lever points forward for the on position may unintentionally turn the fuel lever into the false position when flying a different aircraft where the fuel lever has to point aft to be in the on position.

Question 143-11 : Although the anticipation of possible events is a good attitude for pilots to acquire it can sometimes lead to hazardous situations with this statement in mind select the response below which could lead to such a hazard ?

Mishearing the contents of a reply from an air traffic controller when a non standard procedure was given but a standard procedure was anticipated.

Question 143-12 : With regards to stress as it affects human beings which of the following statements is correct ?

'stress' is a term used to describe how a person reacts to demands placed upon himher.

Question 143-13 : If during flight a pilot is in a mental condition of optimum arousal heshe will be ?

Prepared best to cope with a difficult task.

Question 143-14 : What strategies can be used to combat human error 1 reducing error prone mechanisms2 improving the way in which error is taken into account in training3 sanctions against the initiators of error4 improving recovery from errors and its consequencesthe correct statements are ?

1 2 and 4.

Question 143-15 : Concerning the relationship between performance and stress which of the following statements is correct ?

A moderate level of stress may improve performance.

Question 143-16 : Stress is a frequent aspect of the pilot's job under which of the following circumstances does it occur 1 stress occurs whenever the pilot must revise his plan of action and does not immediately have a solution2 stress occurs with inexperienced pilots when the situational demands exceed their ?

1 2 and 3 are correct.

Question 143-17 : Divided attention is the ability 1 to execute several mental activities at almost the same time ie when switching attention from outside the aircraft to the airspeed indicator on the instrument panel 2 to monitor the progress of a motor programme ie flying or taxiing the airplane on a relatively ?

1 and 2 are correct 3 and 4 are false.

Question 143-18 : Which of the following statements summarises the impact that motivation may have on attention ?

It increases alertness and attention.

Question 143-19 : What are the effects of excessive stress ?

It increases vigilance for a longer period than stress itself but may focus attention inappropriately.

Question 143-20 : The level of automation helps to conserve resources on the other hand it may result in ?

Routine errors slips .

Question 143-21 : The acquisition of a motor programme skill will mean that ?

The more behaviour is automated the less it requires conscious attention and thus the more it frees mental resources.

Question 143-22 : What are the main characteristics of active errors they 1 are detectable only with difficulty by first line operators2 have rapid and direct consequences on the action in progress3 occur at the humanmachine interface4 lie dormant and are undetected at first ?

2 3.

Active errors are those where the consequences of the error are felt almost immediately for example you forget to lower the landing gear

Question 143-23 : Thinking on human reliability is changing ?

Human errors are now considered as being inevitable.

Question 143-24 : Which of the following statements concerning communication is valid ?

Professional communication means using a restricted and specific language that is tailored to minimise misunderstandings.

Question 143-25 : Which of the following statements is true ?

Stressors accumulate thus increasing the likelihood of exhaustion.

Question 143-26 : In case of in flight stress one should ?

Use all available resources of the crew.

Question 143-27 : The behavioural effects of stress may include 1 manifestation of aggressiveness2 a willingness to improve communication3 a willingness for group cohesion4 a tendency to withdrawalthe combination of correct statements is ?

1 and 4 are correct.

Behavioral signs of stress include decreased contact with family and friends poor work relations sense of loneliness confusion mental slowness avoiding others and others avoid you because you're cranky failing to set aside times for relaxation through activities such as hobbies music art or reading

Question 143-28 : The cognitive effects of stress may include 1 excessive haste2 an improvement in memory3 a complete block action is impossible4 a risk of focusing on a particular aspect5 ease of decision making6 an increase in the rate of mistakes ?

1 3 4 6.

Question 143-29 : What is the effect of stress on performance 1 it always reduces performance 2 optimum performance is obtained with optimum arousal 3 excessive stress weakens performance 4 insufficient stress weakens performancethe combination of correct statements is ?

2 3 4.

Question 143-30 : What are the characteristics of the alarm phase of the stress reactions 1 increased arousal level as a result of adrenaline secretion2 an increase in heart rate respiration and release of glucose3 a decrease in stress resistance4 activation of the digestive system5 secretion of cortisol to ?

1 2 3.

Alarm phase 'fight or flight' response heart rate blood pressure and respiration rise in order to supply muscles and brain with more oxy more blood is sent to the skeletal muscles and the brain while blood flow decreases to the stomach kidneys skin and liver sexual and immune functions are suppressed hormones acting as natural opiates are released in order to relieve potentially existing pain natural fats and sugars are actively produced to supply the organism with extra energy senses become sharper the organism activates those systems crucial for an immediate physical response and decreases the energy supply to those organs which are not so important in a state of emergencyanswer 5 is not wrong there is some cortisol secretion but only for increasing behavioral responsiveness in the face of stressful situations

Question 143-31 : Information stays in the short term memory ?

About 20 seconds.

Question 143-32 : Attitudes are defined as ?

Tendencies to respond to people things or events in a particular manner.

Question 143-33 : Within communication what element suggests that a message has been received and understood ?

Feedback.

Question 143-34 : The process of responding to a sender by confirming the reception of a message is called ?

Feedback.

Question 143-35 : During paradoxical sleep ?

Rapid eye movements can be observed.

Question 143-36 : Motor programmes are ?

Stored routines that enable patterns of behaviour to be executed without continuous conscious control.

Question 143-37 : Working memory enables us for example ?

To remember a clearance long enough to write it down.

Question 143-38 : The relationship between arousal and flying performance is ?

Approximately the form of an inverted u.

Question 143-39 : In a complex task high levels of arousal ?

Narrow the span of attention.

Question 143-40 : In the short term memory information is stored for approximately ?

20 seconds.