Question 149-1 : The 'ideal' cockpit can be termed as ? [ Certification weather ]

Question 149-2 : The 'break point' is that point after which if stress continues to rise ?

Performance is degraded.

Question 149-3 : The skill based rule based knowledge based model jens rasmussen is associated with ?

Behaviour.

Question 149-4 : A captain running an autocratic cockpit is normally ?

Over loaded.

An autocratic cockpit is described by the captain's excessive authority considerably reducing communication and consequently the synergy and cohesion of the crew a captain running an autocratic cockpit is normally overloadedan effective flight deck synergetic cockpit exists when decisions are taken by the help and participation of the other crew members

Question 149-5 : A person's attitudes define a set of learned dispositions likes and dislikes which ?

Influence a person's reaction and response to people situations etc.

Question 149-6 : A leader who demonstrates a democratic and co operative style will deal with conflict by ?

Trying to clarify the reasons and causes of the conflict with all persons involved.

Individuals who had a democratic cooperative leadership style scored significantly higher on personality variables of good impression self control tolerance and achievement via independence than other leadership styles a leader who demonstrates a democratic and co operative style will deal with conflict by trying to clarify the reasons and causes of the conflict with all persons involved

Question 149-7 : A captain running a 'laisser faire' cockpit will ?

Make few suggestions or decisions.

Question 149-8 : 'stereotypes' are preconceptions or prejudices which can lead us to ?

Mis judge individuals even if we have contact with them.

Question 149-9 : 'feedback' in communication implies that ?

A message is measured and corrected against the original meaning.

Take the trouble to obtain feedback to ensure that what you are trying to communicate has been fully understood feedback should also be volunteered if here is any possibility of a misunderstanding

Question 149-10 : 'non verbal communication' ?

Constitutes approximately 70% of human communication.

Question 149-11 : A pilot meets the ground engineer in charge on the apron although the pilot has not been through flight preparation yet he nevertheless instructs the engineer as to the amount of fuel to be loaded since he is used to flying this route this behaviour results from ?

A decision bias due to habits frequency bias .

Question 149-12 : Which of the following is the best definition of episodic memory ?

It is the memory of events which are held in the long term memory and can be influenced by suggestion.

Episodic memory is the memory that is gained through personal experience of events in our lives that have occurred at a specific time and place episodic memory is stored much like a video in our minds and allows us to recall specific events such as remembering where we were and what we were doing when the terrorist attacks on the world trade centre took place on september 11 2001episodic memory is very malleable and can be influenced by what we thought should have happened as opposed to what really did this can cause problems for air accident investigators when they are trying to gather accurate details of what happened before during or after an accident a pilot and a passenger who have experienced the same incident may have different views on what happened although the pilot may be more proficient in the technical details required for flying their recall of the incident may be biased by what they thought should have happened in such an event the passenger on the other hand may be able to recall a much more accurate picture because of their lack of preconceptions involved with the flight

Question 149-13 : Which of the following is true with reference to semantic memory ?

It is the meaning of words and general knowledge of the world it lasts for a longer period of time and tends to be more accurate than episodic memory.

Question 149-14 : How will the successful completion of a stressful task affect a pilot's performance when a similar situation is experienced in the future ?

The amount of stress experienced will be less.

Question 149-15 : What are the two inputs to a simple model of stress ?

The perceived demand of the task to the pilot and the pilot's perceived ability to complete the task.

Question 149-16 : During the conflict resolution process it is important to 1 realise and to accept the conflict2 verbalise mutual expectations3 search for common agreements4 express one's own viewpoint ?

1 2 3 and 4 are correct.

Question 149-17 : From the list below which answers are correct feedback gives information about 1 the sender2 the sender's intentions3 the situation ?

1 2 and 3.

Question 149-18 : Which of the following list of statements concerning stress are correct 1 stress is an inevitable part of human life and in small amounts is necessary to achieve optimum performance2 each individual has a stress limit which if exceeded could result in inability to handle even a moderate workload3 ?

1 2 3 and 4.

Question 149-19 : Which of the following answers are correct concerning the long term memory 1 long term memory can be affected by expectation and suggestion2 long term memory is also known as the working memory3 long term memory is limited to plus or minus 7 pieces of disassociated pieces of information4 long ?

1 and 4.

Caestudent36 on page 153 of the oxford aviation books is mentioned 'it would occur that the easa concur with the latter viewpoint thus these notes have included procedural memory as part of the long term memory' and procedural memory=motor programmes

Question 149-20 : Stress can be defined as ?

The unresolved pressure strain or force acting upon an individual's physical or mental systems and the human response.

Question 149-21 : What is meant by 'passive monitoring' in terms of automation complacency ?

A pilot watching what is going on rather than analysing and constantly checking.

Question 149-22 : Which of the following is an example of human underload ?

An unexpectedly poor landing at an airfield with which the pilot is familiar in perfect weather conditions.

The weather is not a problem the airfield is well known by the pilot and even that the pilot made a poor landing it is an example of human underload the situation is not enough complicated to maintain the pilot's maximum performance

Question 149-23 : What physical symptoms can be attributed to stress ?

Insomnia loss of appetite and a dry mouth.

Question 149-24 : Group norms ?

Regulate the interaction and the behaviour between the members of a group.

Question 149-25 : Motivation crew climate and 'confirmation bias' are factors that ?

Can influence the situational awareness.

Question 149-26 : In the alarm stage of response to stress what does the body do ?

Recognises the stressor and prepares the body for action.

Alarm stage is first stage of stress response where organism meet face to face with stressor cause of stress and mobilizing energy organism need to protect us from stressor stimulus that provokes a stress response and initiate alarm reaction 'fight or flight' reaction adrenaline will be releases and some activation make cortisol this reaction can provoke both good and bad events and only in that phase we can talk about eustress happy stress like winning the game in alarm stage stress response helps us to protect our self giving us extra strength to defend our self we are rising to the challenges stay focused energetic burst of energy and alert work hard and react quickly

Question 149-27 : What is 'automation complacency' ?

The circumstance where monitoring and cross checking is reduced because of the belief in the infallibility of the automatic systems.

Question 149-28 : Why are mnemonics are used in aviation ?

Because they help to increase retention of information.

Question 149-29 : Incorrect perception ?

Can be highly persuasive.

Question 149-30 : Which of the following statements is correct ?

Short term memory is affected by interruptions.

Question 149-31 : Perception is based upon ?

Information received as well as past experience and knowledge.

Question 149-32 : Non verbal communication ?

Can serve as a substitute for oral speech.

Question 149-33 : The individual's personality ?

Refers to unique psychological characteristics.

Question 149-34 : With reference to the relationship between arousal and performance the highest level of performance is achieved when the arousal level is ?

Optimum.

Arousal is a major aspect of many learning theories and is closely related to other concepts such as anxiety attention agitation stress and motivationthe arousal level can be thought of as how much capacity you have available to work with one finding with respect to arousal is the yerkes dodson law named after the researchers who discovered it which predicts an inverted u shaped function between arousal and performance

Question 149-35 : What are the two main categories of fatigue ?

Acute and chronic.

Question 149-36 : What is the relationship between the perceived level of arousal and the difficulty of a task to be completed ?

At the outset the level of arousal should be within the optimum range and therefore at a level where performance does not suffer.

Question 149-37 : High arousal leads to ?

Faster but less accurate responses.

When humans are pressured to respond quickly the chance of making an error increases this phenomenon is know as the speed accuracy trade off conditions that increase the level of arousal will lead to faster but less accurate responseshigh arousal leads to faster but less accurate responses and a higher stimulation leads to a faster and more precise decision

Question 149-38 : During the decision making process in the cockpit ?

The amount of time available has a large influence on the analysis of the situation.

Question 149-39 : A higher stimulation leads to ?

A faster and more precise decision.

High arousal leads to faster but less accurate responses and a higher stimulation leads to a faster and more precise decision

Question 149-40 : The probability to suffer from air sickness is higher when ?

The passenger or student is afraid andor demotivated to fly.