Question 16-1 : For controlled traffic that shall be separated in the vicinity of aerodromes separation may be reduced ? [ Attainment AIM ]

Question 16-2 : If an atc clearance is not suitable to the pilot in command of an aircraft ?

The pic may request and if practicable obtain an amended clearance.

Question 16-3 : General provisions change from ifr to vfra change from instrument flight rules ifr to visual flight rules vfr is only acceptable when vfr is permitted in that air space and when ?

The change is initiated by the pic with a message containing the specific expression 'cancelling my ifr flight'.

Doc 4444 icao 45 traffic control clearances 48 change from ifr to vfr flight 481 change from instrument flight rules ifr flight to visual flight rules vfr flight is only acceptable when a message initiated by the pilot in command containing the specific expression cancelling my ifr flight together with the changes if any to be made to the current flight plan is received by an air traffic services unit no invitation to change from ifr flight to vfr flight is to be made either directly or by inference482 no reply other than the acknowledgment ifr flight cancelled at time should normally be made by an air traffic services unit483 when an ats unit is in possession of information that instrument meteorological conditions are likely to be encountered along the route of flight a pilot changing from ifr flight to vfr flight should if practicable be so advised

Question 16-4 : General provisions handling an atc flight plan in case of a delayin the event of a delay for an uncontrolled flight for which a flight plan has been submitted the flight plan should be amended or a new flight plan submitted and the old one cancelled when the delay is exceeding the original ?

Estimated off block time by 60 minutes.

Icao pans atm doc 4444 442 submission of a flight plan4421 prior to departure44213 in the event of a delay of 30 minutes in excess of the estimated off block time for a controlled flight or a delay of one hour for an uncontrolled flight for which a flight plan has been submitted the flight plan should be amended or a new flight plan submitted and the old flight plan cancelled whichever is applicable

Question 16-5 : General provisions responsibility for terrain clearancewho is in general responsible for an atc clearance to be safe in respect to terrain clearance ?

The pilot in command.

Question 16-6 : General provisions for ats content of voice position reports according doc4444 a complete position report transmitted by radiotelephony shall contain the following elements of information in the order listed ?

1 aircraft identification 2 position 3 time 4 flight level or altitude 5 next position and time over 6 ensuing significant point.

On routes defined by designated significant points position reports shall be made by the aircraft when over or as soon as possible after passing each designated compulsory reporting pointon routes not defined by designated significant points position reports shall be made by the aircraft as soon as possible after the first half hour of flight and at ho y intervals thereafterthe position reports shall contain the following elements of information a aircraft identification b position c time d flight level or altitude including passing level and cleared level if not maintaining the cleared level e next position and time over andf ensuing significant point see icao doc 4444 chapter 4 4112 contents of voice position reports

Question 16-7 : General provisions for ats obstacle clearancewhen does air traffic control services have the responsibility to prevent collisions with terrain ?

When a flight in accordance with ifr is vectored by radar.

Icao doc 4444 865 vectoring8652 when vectoring an ifr flight and when giving an ifr flight a direct routing which takes the aircraft off an ats route the controller shall issue clearances such that the prescribed obstacle clearance will exist at all times until the aircraft reaches the point where the pilot will resume own navigation when necessary the relevant minimum vectoring altitude shall include a correction for low temperature effectnote 1 when an ifr flight is being vectored the pilot may be unable to determine the aircraft's exact position inrespect to obstacles in this area and consequently the altitude which provides the required obstacle clearance detailedobstacle clearance criteria are contained in pans ops doc 8168 volumes i and ii see also 8682note 2 it is the responsibility of the ats authority to provide the controller with minimum altitudes corrected fortemperature effect

Question 16-8 : Given agl = above ground levelamsl = above mean sea levelfl = flight levelwithin uncontrolled airspace the first usable level in ifr must provide a 500 ft margin above the following two levels ?

3000 ft amsl or 1000 ft agl.

The transition altitude when you change altimeter subscale setting from 1013 hpa to qnh should not be below 3000 ft amsl or 1000 ft agl and the transition level when you change altimeter subscale setting from qnh to 1013 hpa is the first flight level above the transition altitude

Question 16-9 : What does the acronym 'rnp' stand for ?

Required navigation performance.

Question 16-10 : If an arriving aircraft is making a straight in approach a departing aircraft may take off in any direction ?

Until 5 minutes before the arriving aircraft is estimated to be over the instrument runway.

Pans atm doc 4444 57 separation of departing aircraft from arriving aircraft5712 if an arriving aircraft is making a straight in approach a departing aircraft may take off a in any direction until 5 minutes before the arriving aircraft is estimated to be over the instrument runway b in a direction which is different by at least 45 degrees from the reciprocal of the direction of approach of the arriving aircraft 1 until 3 minutes before the arriving aircraft is estimated to be over the beginning of the instrument runway see figure below or2 before the arriving aircraft crosses a designated fix on the approach track the location of such fix to be determined by the appropriate ats authority after consultation with the operators 742 separation of departing aircraft from arriving aircraft

Question 16-11 : If the crew on an arriving aircraft approaching a controlled aerodrome will report 'field in sight' a clearance for 'visual approach' may be given under certain conditions ?

The air traffic controller will provide separation to other controlled traffic.

Doc 4444 icao pans atm definitions visual approach an approach by an ifr flight when either part or all of an instrument approach procedure is not completed and the approach is executed in visual reference to terrain 653 visual approach 6531 clearance for an ifr flight to execute a visual approach may be requested by a flight crew or initiated by the controller in the latter case the concurrence of the flight crew shall be required6532 controllers shall exercise caution in initiating a visual approach when there is reason to believe that the flight crew concerned is not familiar with the aerodrome and its surrounding terrain controllers should also take into consideration the prevailing traffic and meteorological conditions when initiating visual approaches6533 an ifr flight may be cleared to execute a visual approach provided the pilot can maintain visual reference to the terrain and a the reported ceiling is at or above the level of the beginning of the initial approach segment for the aircraft socleared orb the pilot reports at the level of the beginning of the initial approach segment or at any time during the instrument approach procedure that the meteorological conditions are such that with reasonable assurance a visual approachand landing can be completed 6534 separation shall be provided between an aircraft cleared to execute a visual approach and other arriving and departing aircraft 6535 for successive visual approaches separation shall be maintained by the controller until the pilot of asucceeding aircraft reports having the preceding aircraft in sight the aircraft shall then be instructed to follow and maintain own separation from the preceding aircraft when both aircraft are of a heavy wake turbulence category or the preceding aircraft is of a heavier wake turbulence category than the following and the distance between the aircraft is less than the appropriate wake turbulence minimum the controller shall issue a caution of possible wake turbulence the pilot in command of the aircraft concerned shall be responsible for ensuring that the spacing from a preceding aircraft of a heavier wake turbulence category is acceptable if it is determined that additional spacing is required the flight crew shall inform the atc unit accordingly stating their requirements6536 transfer of communications to the aerodrome controller should be effected at such a point or time that information on essential local traffic if applicable and clearance to land or alternative instructions can be issued to the aircraft in a timely manner

Question 16-12 : In order to meet the wake turbulence criteria what minimum separation should be applied when a medium aircraft is taking off behind a heavy aircraft and both are using the same runway ?

2 minutes.

Doc4444 pans atm 583 departing aircraft5831 a minimum separation of 2 minutes shall be applied between a light or medium aircraft taking off behind a heavy aircraft or a light aircraft taking off behind a medium aircraft when the aircraft are using a the same runway b parallel runways separated by less than 760 m 2 500 ft c crossing runways if the projected flight path of the second aircraft will cross the projected flight path of the first aircraft at the same altitude or less than 300 m 1 000 ft below d parallel runways separated by 760 m 2 500 ft or more if the projected flight path of the second aircraft will cross the projected flight path of the first aircraft at the same altitude or less than 300 m 1 000 ft below 744 two minute separation for following aircraft 745 two minute wake turbulence separation for crossing aircraft 5832 a separation minimum of 3 minutes shall be applied between a light or medium aircraft when taking off behind a heavy aircraft or a light aircraft when taking off behind a medium aircraft from a an intermediate part of the same runway orb an intermediate part of a parallel runway separated by less than 760 m 2 500 ft

Question 16-13 : In order to meet wake turbulence criteria for arriving aircraft and using timed approaches what minima shall be applied to aircraft landing behind a heavy or a medium aircraft ?

Medium aircraft behind heavy aircraft 2 minutes.

Doc4444 58 time based wake turbulence longitudinal separation minima582 arriving aircraft58211 the following minima shall be applied to aircraft landing behind a heavy or a medium aircraft a medium aircraft behind heavy aircraft 2 minutes b light aircraft behind a heavy or medium aircraft 3 minutes

Question 16-14 : Longitudinal separation minima based on timethe minimmum longitudinal separation between two aircraft flying on the same track the preceeding one maintaining a true airspeed of 37 km 20 kt faster than the succeeding aircraft departed from the same aerodrome or having reported exactly over the same ?

5 minutes.

Doc4444 pans atm longitudinal separation minima based on timeaircraft flying on the same track a 15 minutes orb 10 minutes if navigation aids permit frequent determination of position and speed orc 5 minutes in the following cases provided that in each case the preceding aircraft is maintaining a true airspeed of 37 kmh 20 kt or more faster than the succeeding aircraft see figure below 1 between aircraft that have departed from the same aerodrome 2 between en route aircraft that have reported over the same exact significant point 3 between departing and en route aircraft after the en route aircraft has reported over a fix that is so located in relation to the departure point as to ensure that five minute separation can be established at the point the departing aircraft will join the air route ord 3 minutes in the cases listed under c provided that in each case the preceding aircraft is maintaining a true airspeed of 74 kmh 40 kt or more faster than the succeeding aircraft 746 five minute separation between aircraft on same track and same level

Question 16-15 : Longitudinal separation minima mach number technique based on rnav distancewhen the mach number separation technique mnt is being applied and the preceding aircraft maintains a mach number equal to or greater than the following aircraft an rnav distance based separation minimum may be used on the ?

80 nm.

Doc4444 pans atm longitudinal separation minima with mach number technique based on distance using rnav54255 a 150 km 80 nm rnav distance based separation minimum with mach number technique may be used on same direction tracks in lieu of a 10 minute longitudinal separation minimum with mach number technique provided a each aircraft reports its distance to or from the same on track common point b separation between aircraft at the same level is checked by obtaining simultaneous rnav distance readings from the aircraft at frequent intervals to ensure that the minimum will not be infringed see figure below c separation between aircraft climbing or descending is established by obtaining simultaneous rnav distance readings from the aircraft andd in the case of aircraft climbing or descending one aircraft maintains a level while vertical separation does not exist 747 150 km 80 nm rnav based separation between aircraft at the same level

Question 16-16 : Longitudinal separationlongitudinal separation minima based on distance using dme for aircraft at the same cruising level and track provided that each aircraft utilises 'on track' dme stations and separation is checked by obtaining simultaneous dme readings is ?

20 nm.

Doc4444 pans atm 54233 aircraft at the same cruising level542331 aircraft on the same track a 37 km 20 nm provided 1 each aircraft utilizes i the same 'on track' dme station when both aircraft are utilizing dme orii an 'on track' dme station and a collocated waypoint when one aircraft is utilizing dme and the other is utilizing gnss oriii the same waypoint when both aircraft are utilizing gnss and2 separation is checked by obtaining simultaneous dme andor gnss readings from the aircraft at frequent intervals to ensure that the minimum will not be infringed 748 37 km 20 nm dme andor gnss based separation between aircraft on same track and same level important notice if the leading aircraft maintains a true airspeed of 37 kmh 20 kt or more faster than the succeeding aircraft the longitudinal separation is reduced to 10 nm 19 km

Question 16-17 : Longitudinal separationthe longitudinal separation minimum based on time between aircraft at same cruising level where navigation aids permit frequent determination of position and speed and the preceding aircraft is maintaining a true airspeed of 40 kt faster or more than the succeeding aircraft is ?

Question 16-18 : Longitudinal separationthe longitudinal separation minimum based on time between aircraft at the same cruising level where navigation aids permit frequent determination of position and speed is ?

10 minutes.

Doc4444 pans atm longitudinal separation minima based on timeaircraft flying on the same track a 15 minutes orb 10 minutes if navigation aids permit frequent determination of position and speed see figure below orc 5 minutes in the following cases provided that in each case the preceding aircraft is maintaining a true airspeed of 37 kmh 20 kt or more faster than the succeeding aircraft 1 between aircraft that have departed from the same aerodrome 2 between en route aircraft that have reported over the same exact significant point 3 between departing and en route aircraft after the en route aircraft has reported over a fix that is so located in relation to the departure point as to ensure that five minute separation can be established at the point the departing aircraft will join the air route ord 3 minutes in the cases listed under c provided that in each case the preceding aircraft is maintaining a true airspeed of 74 kmh 40 kt or more faster than the succeeding aircraft 750 ten minute separation between aircraft on same track and same level

Question 16-19 : Lower limit of controlled airspacethe lower limit of a control area cta shall be established not less than ?

Question 16-20 : Minimum radar separation on final approachprovided there is no danger of wake turbulence the minimum radar separation provided between aircraft established on the same localizer course shall be not less than ?

25 nm.

Icao doc 4444 procedures for air navigation services air traffic management 87 use of ats surveillance systems in the air traffic control service873 separation minima based on ats surveillance systems8731 unless otherwise prescribed in accordance with 8732 with respect to radar 8733 or 8734 or chapter 6 with respect to independent and dependent parallel approaches the horizontal separation minimum based on radar andor ads b shall be 93 km 50 nm 8732 the radar separation minimum in 8731 may if so prescribed by the appropriate ats authority be reduced but not below a 56 km 30 nm when radar capabilities at a given location so permit andb 46 km 25 nm between succeeding aircraft which are established on the same final approach track within 185 km 10 nm of the runway end

Question 16-21 : Non radar wake turbulence separation minima for departing aircraftthe minimum separation minimum that shall be applied between a light or medium aircraft taking off behind a heavy aircraft and both are using the same runway is ?

2 minutes.

Doc4444 pans atm 583 departing aircraft5831 a minimum separation of 2 minutes shall be applied between a light or medium aircraft taking off behind a heavy aircraft or a light aircraft taking off behind a medium aircraft when the aircraft are using a the same runway b parallel runways separated by less than 760 m 2 500 ft c crossing runways if the projected flight path of the second aircraft will cross the projected flight path of the first aircraft at the same altitude or less than 300 m 1 000 ft below d parallel runways separated by 760 m 2 500 ft or more if the projected flight path of the second aircraft will cross the projected flight path of the first aircraft at the same altitude or less than 300 m 1 000 ft below 744 two minute separation for following aircraft 745 two minute wake turbulence separation for crossing aircraft 5832 a separation minimum of 3 minutes shall be applied between a light or medium aircraft when taking off behind a heavy aircraft or a light aircraft when taking off behind a medium aircraft from a an intermediate part of the same runway orb an intermediate part of a parallel runway separated by less than 760 m 2 500 ft

Question 16-22 : Separation methods and minimaone minute separation may be used between departing aircraft if they are to fly on tracks diverging by at least ?

45° immediately after take off.

Pans atm doc 4444 56 minimum separation between departing aircraft561 one minute separation is required if aircraft are to fly on tracks diverging by at least 45 degrees immediately after take off so that lateral separation is provided 751 one minute separation between departing aircraft following tracks diverging by at least 45 degrees

Question 16-23 : One of the functions ensured by a radar control unit for the provision of approach control service is ?

To conduct surveillance radar approaches.

Radar units are there to ensure that aircraft have adequate separation not to reduce it below the normal minima

Question 16-24 : One of the functions ensured by a radar control unit for the provision of approach control service is ?

To conduct precision radar approach par .

Pans atm doc4444 752

Question 16-25 : Procedures related to communication failure ifr in vmcwhich procedure do you follow after having experienced a two way communication failure during a flight in accordance with ifr in vmc ?

Continue to fly in vmc land at the nearest suitable aerodrome report the arrival by the most expeditious means to the appropriate air traffic control unit.

Pans atm doc 4444 153 air ground communications failure1531 action by air traffic control units when unable to maintain two way communication with an aircraft operating in a control area or control zone shall be as outlined in the paragraphs which follow1532 as soon as it is known that two way communication has failed action shall be taken to as certain whether the aircraft is able to receive transmissions from the air traffic control unit by requesting it to execute a specified manoeuvre which can be observed by radar or ads b or to transmit if possible a specified signal in order to indicate acknowledgement1533 if the aircraft fails to indicate that it is able to receive and acknowledge transmissions separation shall be maintained between the aircraft having the communication failure and other aircraft based on the assumption that the aircraft will a if in visual meteorological conditions 1 continue to fly in visual meteorological conditions 2 land at the nearest suitable aerodrome and3 report its arrival by the most expeditious means to the appropriate air traffic control unit orb if in instrument meteorological conditions or when conditions are such that it does not appear likely that the pilot will complete the flight in accordance with a 1 unless otherwise prescribed on the basis of a regional air navigation agreement in airspace where procedural separation is being applied maintain the last assigned speed and level or minimum flight altitude if higher for a period of 20 minutes following the aircraft's failure to report its position over a compulsory reporting point and thereafter adjust level and speed in accordance with the filed flight plan or2 in airspace where an ats surveillance system is used in the provision of air traffic control maintain the last assigned speed and level or minimum flight altitude if higher for a period of 7 minutes following i the time the last assigned level or minimum flight altitude is reached orii the time the transponder is set to code 7600 or the ads b transmitter is set to indicate the loss of air ground communications oriii the aircraft's failure to report its position over a compulsory reporting point whichever is later and thereafter adjust level and speed in accordance with the filed flight plan 3 when being vectored or having been directed by atc to proceed offset using rnav without a specified limit proceed in the most direct manner possible to rejoin the current flight plan route no later than the next significant point taking into consideration the applicable minimum flight altitude 4 proceed according to the current flight plan route to the appropriate designated navigation aid or fix serving the destination aerodrome and when required to ensure compliance with 5 hold over this aid or fix until commencement of descent 5 commence descent from the navigation aid or fix specified in 4 at or as close as possible to the expected approach time last received and acknowledged or if no expected approach time has been received and acknowledged at or as close as possible to the estimated time of arrival resulting from the current flight plan 6 complete a normal instrument approach procedure as specified for the designated navigation aid or fix and7 land if possible within 30 minutes after the estimated time of arrival specified in 5 or the last acknowledged expected approach time whichever is later

Question 16-26 : Radar controlled aircraft on intermediate or final approach may be requested to make minor speed adjustments by atc these adjustments shall never be more than ?

20 knots and not within 4 nm of threshold.

Doc 4444 463 descending and arriving aircraft 4631 an aircraft should when practicable be authorized to absorb a period of notified terminal delay by cruising at a reduced speed for the latter portion of its flight4632 an arriving aircraft may be instructed to maintain its 'maximum speed' 'minimum clean speed' 'minimum speed' or a specified speed note 'minimum clean speed' signifies the minimum speed at which an aircraft can be flown in a clean configuration ie without deployment of lift augmentation devices speed brakes or landing gear 4633 speed reductions to less than 460 kmh 250 kt ias for turbojet aircraft during initial descent from cruising level should be applied only with the concurrence of the flight crew4634 instructions for an aircraft to simultaneously maintain a high rate of descent and reduce its speed should be avoided as such manoeuvres are normally not compatible any significant speed reduction during descent may require the aircraft to temporarily level off to reduce speed before continuing descent4635 arriving aircraft should be permitted to operate in a clean configuration for as long as possible below 4 550 m fl 150 speed reductions for turbojet aircraft to not less than 410 kmh 220 kt ias which will normally be very close to the minimum speed of turbojet aircraft in a clean configuration may be used4636 only minor speed adjustments not exceeding plusminus 40 kmh 20 kt ias should be used for aircraft on intermediate and final approach 4637 speed control should not be applied to aircraft after passing a point 7 km 4 nm from the threshold on final approach note the flight crew has a requirement to fly a stabilized approach airspeed and configuration typically by 5 km 3 nm from the threshold

Question 16-27 : Radar services precision surveillance radarat what distance from the end of the runway may a pilot expect that his aircraft can be identified on departure when atc is equipped with and using psr ?

1 nm.

Pans atm doc4444 8624 psr identification procedures86241 where psr is used for identification aircraft may be identified by one or more of the following procedures a by correlating a particular radar position indication with an aircraft reporting its position over or as bearing and distance from a point shown on the situation display and by ascertaining that the track of the particular radar position is consistent with the aircraft path or reported heading b by correlating an observed radar position indication with an aircraft which is known to have just departed provided that the identification is established within 2 km 1 nm from the end of the runway used particular care should be taken to avoid confusion with aircraft holding over or overflying the aerodrome or with aircraft departing from or making a missed approach over adjacent runways

Question 16-28 : Radar services radar separation minimaunless otherwise prescribed by the appropriate ats authority the horizontal radar separation minimum shall be ?

50 nm.

Pans atm doc4444 873 separation minima based on ats surveillance systems8731 unless otherwise prescribed in accordance with 8732 with respect to radar 8733 or 8734 or chapter 6 with respect to independent and dependent parallel approaches the horizontal separation minimum based on radar andor ads b shall be 93 km 50 nm

Question 16-29 : Radar services radar separation minimawithout further condition when radar capabilities at a given location so permit the minimum radar separation of 5 nm may be reduced to ?

30 nm.

Pans atm doc 4444 873 separation minima based on ats surveillance systems8731 unless otherwise prescribed in accordance with 8732 with respect to radar 8733 or 8734 or chapter 6 with respect to independent and dependent parallel approaches the horizontal separation minimum based on radar andor ads b shall be 93 km 50 nm 8732 the radar separation minimum in 8731 may if so prescribed by the appropriate ats authority be reduced but not below a 56 km 30 nm when radar capabilities at a given location so permit

Question 16-30 : Regarding aerodrome flight information service afis ?

It can only supply limited services to the users and under no circumstances may it supply atc services.

Aerodrome flight information service afis is the term used to describe 'the provision of information useful for the safe and efficient conduct of aerodrome traffic at those aerodromes designated for use by international general aviation where the appropriate air traffic services authority determines that the provision of aerodrome control service is not justified or is not justified on a 24 hour basis'afis should be provided by a unit located at the aerodrome and identified as an 'afis unit' an afis unit will provide flight information service and alerting service to aerodrome trafficthe afis unit is not an air traffic control unit except for cases when relaying clearance from air traffic control atc afis officers afiso shall only pass information and warnings to pilots pilots are therefore wholly responsible for maintaining proper spacing in conformity with the rules of the air

Question 16-31 : Required navigation performance rnp shall be prescribed ?

By states on the basis of regional air navigation agreements.

Area navigation rnav icao annex 11 is a method of navigation permitting aircraft operations on any desired track within the coverage of station referenced navigation signal or within the limits of a self contained navigation systembasic rnav b rnav systems require rnp 5 required navigation performance 5 basic rnav requires a track keeping accuracy of + 5nm or better for 95% of the flight timeprecision rnav prnav systems require rnp 1 + 10nm for 95% of the flight time

Question 16-32 : Icao annex 11 air traffic services alerting servicewhich phase of emergency is declared if an aircraft is known or believed to be the subject of unlawful interference ?

Alerfa.

Icao annex 11 air traffic services alerting service incerfa the code word used to designate an uncertainty phasealerfa the code word used to designate an alert phasedetresfa the code word used to designate an distress phaseannex 11 categorises emergency phases as follows a uncertainty phase when 1 no communication has been received from an aircraft within a period of thirty minutes after the time a communication should have been received or from the time an unsuccessful attempt to establish communication with such aircraft was first made whichever is the earlier or when2 an aircraft fails to arrive within thirty minutes of the estimated time of arrival last notified to or estimated by air traffic services units whichever is the later except when no doubt exists as to the safety of the aircraft and its occupants b alert phase when 1 following the uncertainty phase subsequent attempts to establish communication with the aircraft or inquiries to other relevant sources have failed to reveal any news of the aircraft or when2 an aircraft has been cleared to land and fails to land within five minutes of the estimated time of landing and communication has not been re established with the aircraft or when3 information has been received which indicates that the operating efficiency of the aircraft has been impaired but not to the extent that a forced landing is likely except when evidence exists that would allay apprehension as to the safety of the aircraft and its occupants or when4 an aircraft is known or believed to be the subject of unlawful interference c distress phase when 1 following the alert phase further unsuccessful attempts to establish communication with the aircraft and more widespread unsuccessful inquiries point to the probability that the aircraft is in distress or when2 the fuel on board is considered to be exhausted or to be insufficient to enable the aircraft to reach safety or when3 information is received which indicates that the operating efficiency of the aircraft has been impaired to the extent that a forced landing is likely or when4 information is received or it is reasonably certain that the aircraft is about to make or has made a forced landing except when there is reasonable certainty that the aircraft and its occupants are not threatened by grave and imminent danger and do not require immediate assistance

Question 16-33 : Icao annex 12 search and rescueupon the occurrence of which phase the rcc rescue coordination center shall immediately alert search and rescue units and initiate any necessary action ?

Alert phase alerfa .

Icao annex 12 chapter 5 operating procedures51 information concerning emergencies52 procedures for rescue coordination centres during emergency phases521 uncertainty phaseupon the occurrence of an uncertainty phase the rescue coordination centre shall cooperate to the utmost with air traffic services units and other appropriate agencies and services in order that incoming reports may be speedily evaluated522 alert phase upon the occurrence of an alert phase the rescue coordination centre shall immediately alert search and rescue units and initiate any necessary action icao annex 11 air traffic services alerting service incerfa the code word used to designate an uncertainty phasealerfa the code word used to designate an alert phasedetresfa the code word used to designate an distress phaseannex 11 categorises emergency phases as follows a uncertainty phase when 1 no communication has been received from an aircraft within a period of thirty minutes after the time a communication should have been received or from the time an unsuccessful attempt to establish communication with such aircraft was first made whichever is the earlier or when2 an aircraft fails to arrive within thirty minutes of the estimated time of arrival last notified to or estimated by air traffic services units whichever is the later except when no doubt exists as to the safety of the aircraft and its occupants b alert phase when 1 following the uncertainty phase subsequent attempts to establish communication with the aircraft or inquiries to other relevant sources have failed to reveal any news of the aircraft or when2 an aircraft has been cleared to land and fails to land within five minutes of the estimated time of landing and communication has not been re established with the aircraft or when3 information has been received which indicates that the operating efficiency of the aircraft has been impaired but not to the extent that a forced landing is likely except when evidence exists that would allay apprehension as to the safety of the aircraft and its occupants or when4 an aircraft is known or believed to be the subject of unlawful interference c distress phase when 1 following the alert phase further unsuccessful attempts to establish communication with the aircraft and more widespread unsuccessful inquiries point to the probability that the aircraft is in distress or when2 the fuel on board is considered to be exhausted or to be insufficient to enable the aircraft to reach safety or when3 information is received which indicates that the operating efficiency of the aircraft has been impaired to the extent that a forced landing is likely or when4 information is received or it is reasonably certain that the aircraft is about to make or has made a forced landing except when there is reasonable certainty that the aircraft and its occupants are not threatened by grave and imminent danger and do not require immediate assistance

Question 16-34 : Separation vmc and own separationthe 'clearance to fly maintaining own separation while in visual meterological conditions' may be given by the appropriate ats authority this has to be requested by the pilot of a controlled flight and has to be agreed by the pilot of the other aircraftthe ?

Airspace class d and e vmc hours of daylight.

Pans atm doc 4444 59 clearances to fly maintaining own separation while in visual meteorological conditionswhen so requested by an aircraft and provided it is agreed by the pilot of the other aircraft and so authorized by the appropriate ats authority an atc unit may clear a controlled flight including departing and arriving flights operating in airspace classes d and e in visual meteorological conditions during the hours of daylight to fly subject to maintaining own separation to one other aircraft and remaining in visual meteorological conditions when a controlled flight is so cleared the following shall apply a the clearance shall be for a specified portion of the flight at or below 3050 m 10000 ft during climb or descentand subject to further restrictions as and when prescribed on the basis of regional air navigation agreements b if there is a possibility that flight under visual meteorological conditions may become impracticable an ifr flight shall be provided with alternative instructions to be complied with in the event that flight in visual meteorological conditions vmc cannot be maintained for the term of the clearance c the pilot of an ifr flight on observing that conditions are deteriorating and considering that operation in vmc will become impossible shall inform atc before entering instrument meteorological conditions imc and shall proceed in accordance with the alternative instructions given

Question 16-35 : Separation in the vicinity of aerodromes timed approachesa 'timed approach procedure' may be utilized as necessary in order to expedite the approaches of a number of arriving aircraftthis will be obtained by requesting aircraft to ?

Pass a specified point inbound at a previously notified time.

Pans atm doc 4444 65621 timed approach procedures656211 subject to approval by the appropriate ats authority the following procedure should be utilized as necessary to expedite the approaches of a number of arriving aircraft a a suitable point on the approach path which shall be capable of being accurately determined by the pilot shall be specified to serve as a checkpoint in timing successive approaches b aircraft shall be given a time at which to pass the specified point inbound which time shall be determined with the aim of achieving the desired interval between successive landings on the runway while respecting the applicable separation minima at all times including the period of runway occupancy656212 the time at which aircraft should pass the specified point shall be determined by the unit providing approach control service and notified to the aircraft sufficiently in advance to permit the pilot to arrange the flight path accordingly656213 each aircraft in the approach sequence shall be cleared to pass the specified point inbound at the previously notified time or any revision thereof after the preceding aircraft has reported passing the point inbound

Question 16-36 : Separation methods and minima essential traffic informationessential traffic is ?

Controlled traffic not separated from another controlled traffic with the prescribed separation minima.

Pans atm doc4444 510 essential traffic information5101 general51011 essential traffic is that controlled traffic to which the provision of separation by atc is applicable but which in relation to a particular controlled flight is not or will not be separated from other controlled traffic by the appropriate separation minimum51012 essential traffic information shall be given to controlled flights concerned whenever they constitute essential traffic to each other

Question 16-37 : Separation methods and minima essential traffica vfr flight constitutes essential traffic to other vfr flights when operating in controlled airspace classified as ?

B.

Pans atm doc4444 510 essential traffic information5101 general51011 essential traffic is that controlled traffic to which the provision of separation by atc is applicable but which in relation to a particular controlled flight is not or will not be separated from other controlled traffic by the appropriate separation minimum note pursuant to section 52 but subject to certain exceptions stated therein atc is required to provide separation between ifr flights in airspace classes a to e and between ifr and vfr flights in classes b and c atc is not required to provide separation between vfr flights except within airspace class b therefore ifr or vfr flights may constitute essential traffic to ifr traffic and ifr flights may constitute essential traffic to vfr traffic however a vfr flight would not constitute essential traffic to other vfr flights except within class b airspace 51012 essential traffic information shall be given to controlled flights concerned whenever they constitute essential traffic to each other

Question 16-38 : Separation methods and minima generalwhat are the controlled traffic separation methods applied by atc ?

Vertical and horizontal separation.

Doc4444 procedures for air navigation services air traffic management pans atm chapter 5 separation methods and minima52 provisions for the separation of controlled traffic521 general5211 vertical or horizontal separation shall be provided a between all flights in class a and b airspaces b between ifr flights in class c d and e airspaces c between ifr flights and vfr flights in class c airspace d between ifr flights and special vfr flights ande between special vfr flights when so prescribed by the appropriate ats authority

Question 16-39 : Separation methods and minima vertical separation minima vsm according doc 4444 above flight level fl 290 the vertical separation minimum vsm for aircraft flying in the same direction shall be ?

4000 feet.

At fl 290 and above if reduced vertical separation minima are not in use and the question doesn't specify 'in rvsm airspace' 4000 ft intervals are used to separate same direction aircraft instead of 2000 ft intervals below fl 290 doc 4444 53 vertical separation5532 vertical separation minimumthe vertical separation minimum vsm shall be a nominal 300 m 1000 ft below fl 290 and a nominal 600 m 2000 ft at or above this level

Question 16-40 : Separation methods and minima vertical separation the vertical separation minimum vsm between flights operating in accordance with ifr within controlled airspace above fl 290 is ?

2000 feet 600 m .

Doc4444 procedures for air navigation services air traffic management pans atm 532 vertical separation minimum the vertical separation minimum vsm shall be a a nominal 300 m 1000 ft below fl 290 and a nominal 600 m 2000 ft at or above this level except as provided for in b below andb within designated airspace subject to a regional air navigation agreement a nominal 300 m 1000 ft below fl 410 or a higher level where so prescribed for use under specified conditions and a nominal 600 m 2000 ft at or above this level