For controlled traffic that shall be separated in the vicinity of aerodromes ? [ Attainment AIM ]

Question 16-1 : When the commander in the following aircraft has the preceding aircraft in sight and is able to maintain own separation at discretion of the responsible air traffic controller only if the air traffic controller has the involved aircraft in sight if the commander of one of the involved aircraft so requests

exemple 116 When the commander in the following aircraft has the preceding aircraft in sight and is able to maintain own separation. — When the commander in the following aircraft has the preceding aircraft in sight and is able to maintain own separation.

If an atc clearance is not suitable to the pilot in command of an aircraft ?

Question 16-2 : The pic may request and if practicable obtain an amended clearance the pic may request an amended clearance from the atc atc has to amend the clearance in accordance with the pilots request the pic has to accept the atc clearance the clearance is based on the flight plan filed with atc the pic may propose another clearance atc has to amend the clearance in accordance with the pilots request

exemple 120 The pic may request and, if practicable, obtain an amended clearance. — The pic may request and, if practicable, obtain an amended clearance.

General provisions change from ifr to vfr .a change from instrument flight ?

Question 16-3 : The change is initiated by the pic with a message containing the specific expression 'cancelling my ifr flight' the pic has requested and obtained an atc clr for the change and has filed a special vfr flight plan the position of the change has been noted on the atc flight plan the cancellation of the ifr flight will then be made automatically by atc atc invites the pic to change from ifr to vfr

exemple 124 The change is initiated by the pic with a message containing the specific expression 'cancelling my ifr flight'. — Doc 4444 icao 4 5 traffic control clearances . 4 8 change from ifr to vfr flight .4 8 1 change from instrument flight rules ifr flight to visual flight rules vfr flight is only acceptable when a message initiated by the pilot in command containing the specific expression cancelling my ifr flight together with the changes if any to be made to the current flight plan is received by an air traffic services unit no invitation to change from ifr flight to vfr flight is to be made either directly or by inference .4 8 2 no reply other than the acknowledgment ifr flight cancelled at time should normally be made by an air traffic services unit .4 8 3 when an ats unit is in possession of information that instrument meteorological conditions are likely to be encountered along the route of flight a pilot changing from ifr flight to vfr flight should if practicable be so advised The change is initiated by the pic with a message containing the specific expression 'cancelling my ifr flight'.

General provisions handling an atc flight plan in case of a delay.in the event ?

Question 16-4 : Estimated off block time by 60 minutes estimated off block time by 30 minutes estimated departure time by 30 minutes estimated departure time by 60 minutes

exemple 128 Estimated off-block time by 60 minutes. — Icao pans atm doc 4444 .4 4 2 submission of a flight plan.4 4 2 1 prior to departure. .4 4 2 1 3 in the event of a delay of 30 minutes in excess of the estimated off block time for a controlled flight or a delay of one hour for an uncontrolled flight for which a flight plan has been submitted the flight plan should be amended or a new flight plan submitted and the old flight plan cancelled whichever is applicable Estimated off-block time by 60 minutes.

General provisions responsibility for terrain clearance.who is in general ?

Question 16-5 : The pilot in command the aircraft operator the atc the ats reporting office accepting the flight plan

exemple 132 The pilot-in-command. — The pilot-in-command.

General provisions for ats content of voice position reports according doc4444 ?

Question 16-6 : 1 aircraft identification 2 position 3 time 4 flight level or altitude 5 next position and time over 6 ensuing significant point 1 aircraft identification 2 position 3 flight level or altitude 4 time 5 next position and time over 6 ensuing significant point 1 aircraft identification 2 position 3 time 4 true air speed 5 flight level or altitude 6 next position and time over 1 aircraft identification 2 position 3 time 4 flight level or altitude 5 next position 6 time over

exemple 136 1) aircraft identification, 2) position, 3) time, 4) flight level or altitude, 5) next position and time over, 6) ensuing significant point. — On routes defined by designated significant points position reports shall be made by the aircraft when over or as soon as possible after passing each designated compulsory reporting point .on routes not defined by designated significant points position reports shall be made by the aircraft as soon as possible after the first half hour of flight and at ho y intervals thereafter .the position reports shall contain the following elements of information .a aircraft identification .b position .c time .d flight level or altitude including passing level and cleared level if not maintaining the cleared level .e next position and time over and.f ensuing significant point . see icao doc 4444 chapter 4 4 11 2 contents of voice position reports 1) aircraft identification, 2) position, 3) time, 4) flight level or altitude, 5) next position and time over, 6) ensuing significant point.

General provisions for ats obstacle clearance .when does air traffic control ?

Question 16-7 : When a flight in accordance with ifr is vectored by radar always when ats are provided ats never prevent collisions with terrain ats only provides prevention when an aircraft is flying ifr in imc

exemple 140 When a flight in accordance with ifr is vectored by radar. — Icao doc 4444 .8 6 5 vectoring.8 6 5 2 when vectoring an ifr flight and when giving an ifr flight a direct routing which takes the aircraft off an ats route the controller shall issue clearances such that the prescribed obstacle clearance will exist at all times until the aircraft reaches the point where the pilot will resume own navigation when necessary the relevant minimum vectoring altitude shall include a correction for low temperature effect .note 1 when an ifr flight is being vectored the pilot may be unable to determine the aircraft's exact position inrespect to obstacles in this area and consequently the altitude which provides the required obstacle clearance detailedobstacle clearance criteria are contained in pans ops doc 8168 volumes i and ii see also 8 6 8 2 .note 2 it is the responsibility of the ats authority to provide the controller with minimum altitudes corrected fortemperature effect When a flight in accordance with ifr is vectored by radar.

Given .agl = above ground level.amsl = above mean sea level.fl = flight ?

Question 16-8 : 3000 ft amsl or 1000 ft agl fl 30 or 1500 ft agl 3000 ft amsl or 1500 ft agl fl 30 or 100 ft agl

exemple 144 3000 ft amsl or 1000 ft agl. — The transition altitude when you change altimeter subscale setting from 1013 hpa to qnh should not be below 3000 ft amsl or 1000 ft agl and the transition level when you change altimeter subscale setting from qnh to 1013 hpa is the first flight level above the transition altitude 3000 ft amsl or 1000 ft agl.

What does the acronym 'rnp' stand for ?

Question 16-9 : Required navigation performance required navigation precision requested navigation position required navigation point

exemple 148 Required navigation performance. — Required navigation performance.

If an arriving aircraft is making a straight in approach a departing aircraft ?

Question 16-10 : Until 5 minutes before the arriving aircraft is estimated to be over the instrument runway until 3 minutes before the arriving aircraft is estimated to be over the instrument runway until 2 minutes before the arriving aircraft is estimated to be over the instrument runway until 10 minutes before the arriving aircraft is estimated to be over the instrument runway

exemple 152 Until 5 minutes before the arriving aircraft is estimated to be over the instrument runway. — Pans atm doc 4444 .5 7 separation of departing aircraft from arriving aircraft. .5 7 1 2 if an arriving aircraft is making a straight in approach a departing aircraft may take off .a in any direction until 5 minutes before the arriving aircraft is estimated to be over the instrument runway .b in a direction which is different by at least 45 degrees from the reciprocal of the direction of approach of the arriving aircraft .1 until 3 minutes before the arriving aircraft is estimated to be over the beginning of the instrument runway see figure below or.2 before the arriving aircraft crosses a designated fix on the approach track the location of such fix to be determined by the appropriate ats authority after consultation with the operators . 742. separation of departing aircraft from arriving aircraft Until 5 minutes before the arriving aircraft is estimated to be over the instrument runway.

If the crew on an arriving aircraft approaching a controlled aerodrome will ?

Question 16-11 : The air traffic controller will provide separation to other controlled traffic continued approach will be according to vfr the approach must be passing the faf the meteorological visibility must not be less than 8 km

exemple 156 The air traffic controller will provide separation to other controlled traffic. — Doc 4444 icao pans atm definitions .visual approach an approach by an ifr flight when either part or all of an instrument approach procedure is not completed and the approach is executed in visual reference to terrain . 6 5 3 visual approach .6 5 3 1 clearance for an ifr flight to execute a visual approach may be requested by a flight crew or initiated by the controller in the latter case the concurrence of the flight crew shall be required .6 5 3 2 controllers shall exercise caution in initiating a visual approach when there is reason to believe that the flight crew concerned is not familiar with the aerodrome and its surrounding terrain controllers should also take into consideration the prevailing traffic and meteorological conditions when initiating visual approaches .6 5 3 3 an ifr flight may be cleared to execute a visual approach provided the pilot can maintain visual reference to the terrain and .a the reported ceiling is at or above the level of the beginning of the initial approach segment for the aircraft socleared or.b the pilot reports at the level of the beginning of the initial approach segment or at any time during the instrument approach procedure that the meteorological conditions are such that with reasonable assurance a visual approachand landing can be completed . 6 5 3 4 separation shall be provided between an aircraft cleared to execute a visual approach and other arriving and departing aircraft .6 5 3 5 for successive visual approaches separation shall be maintained by the controller until the pilot of asucceeding aircraft reports having the preceding aircraft in sight the aircraft shall then be instructed to follow and maintain own separation from the preceding aircraft when both aircraft are of a heavy wake turbulence category or the preceding aircraft is of a heavier wake turbulence category than the following and the distance between the aircraft is less than the appropriate wake turbulence minimum the controller shall issue a caution of possible wake turbulence the pilot in command of the aircraft concerned shall be responsible for ensuring that the spacing from a preceding aircraft of a heavier wake turbulence category is acceptable if it is determined that additional spacing is required the flight crew shall inform the atc unit accordingly stating their requirements .6 5 3 6 transfer of communications to the aerodrome controller should be effected at such a point or time that information on essential local traffic if applicable and clearance to land or alternative instructions can be issued to the aircraft in a timely manner The air traffic controller will provide separation to other controlled traffic.

In order to meet the wake turbulence criteria what minimum separation should be ?

Question 16-12 : 2 minutes 1 minute 3 minutes 4 minutes

exemple 160 2 minutes. — Doc4444 pans atm .5 8 3 departing aircraft.5 8 3 1 a minimum separation of 2 minutes shall be applied between a light or medium aircraft taking off behind a heavy aircraft or a light aircraft taking off behind a medium aircraft when the aircraft are using .a the same runway .b parallel runways separated by less than 760 m 2 500 ft .c crossing runways if the projected flight path of the second aircraft will cross the projected flight path of the first aircraft at the same altitude or less than 300 m 1 000 ft below .d parallel runways separated by 760 m 2 500 ft or more if the projected flight path of the second aircraft will cross the projected flight path of the first aircraft at the same altitude or less than 300 m 1 000 ft below . 744. two minute separation for following aircraft . 745. two minute wake turbulence separation for crossing aircraft ..5 8 3 2 a separation minimum of 3 minutes shall be applied between a light or medium aircraft when taking off behind a heavy aircraft or a light aircraft when taking off behind a medium aircraft from .a an intermediate part of the same runway or.b an intermediate part of a parallel runway separated by less than 760 m 2 500 ft 2 minutes.

In order to meet wake turbulence criteria for arriving aircraft and using timed ?

Question 16-13 : Medium aircraft behind heavy aircraft 2 minutes medium aircraft other medium aircraft 2 minutes light aircraft behind medium aircraft 4 minutes medium aircraft behind heavy aircraft 3 minutes

exemple 164 Medium aircraft behind heavy aircraft, 2 minutes. — Doc4444 .5 8 time based wake turbulence longitudinal separation minima.5 8 2 arriving aircraft.5 8 2 1 1 the following minima shall be applied to aircraft landing behind a heavy or a medium aircraft .a medium aircraft behind heavy aircraft 2 minutes .b light aircraft behind a heavy or medium aircraft 3 minutes Medium aircraft behind heavy aircraft, 2 minutes.

Longitudinal separation minima based on time .the minimmum longitudinal ?

Question 16-14 : 5 minutes 3 minutes 10 minutes 2 minutes

exemple 168 5 minutes. — Doc4444 pans atm .longitudinal separation minima based on time.aircraft flying on the same track .a 15 minutes or.b 10 minutes if navigation aids permit frequent determination of position and speed or.c 5 minutes in the following cases provided that in each case the preceding aircraft is maintaining a true airspeed of 37 km/h 20 kt or more faster than the succeeding aircraft see figure below . 1 between aircraft that have departed from the same aerodrome . 2 between en route aircraft that have reported over the same exact significant point . 3 between departing and en route aircraft after the en route aircraft has reported over a fix that is so located in relation to the departure point as to ensure that five minute separation can be established at the point the departing aircraft will join the air route or.d 3 minutes in the cases listed under c provided that in each case the preceding aircraft is maintaining a true airspeed of 74 km/h 40 kt or more faster than the succeeding aircraft . 746. five minute separation between aircraft on same track and same level 5 minutes.

Longitudinal separation minima mach number technique based on rnav distance ?

Question 16-15 : 80 nm 100 nm 70 nm 60 nm

exemple 172 80 nm. — Doc4444 pans atm .longitudinal separation minima with mach number technique based on distance using rnav .5 4 2 5 5 a 150 km 80 nm rnav distance based separation minimum with mach number technique may be used on same direction tracks in lieu of a 10 minute longitudinal separation minimum with mach number technique provided .a each aircraft reports its distance to or from the same on track common point .b separation between aircraft at the same level is checked by obtaining simultaneous rnav distance readings from the aircraft at frequent intervals to ensure that the minimum will not be infringed see figure below .c separation between aircraft climbing or descending is established by obtaining simultaneous rnav distance readings from the aircraft and.d in the case of aircraft climbing or descending one aircraft maintains a level while vertical separation does not exist . 747. 150 km 80 nm rnav based separation between aircraft at the same level 80 nm.

Longitudinal separation.longitudinal separation minima based on distance using ?

Question 16-16 : 20 nm 10 nm 25 nm 40 nm

exemple 176 20 nm. — Doc4444 pans atm .5 4 2 3 3 aircraft at the same cruising level.5 4 2 3 3 1 aircraft on the same track .a 37 km 20 nm provided .1 each aircraft utilizes .i the same 'on track' dme station when both aircraft are utilizing dme or.ii an 'on track' dme station and a collocated waypoint when one aircraft is utilizing dme and the other is utilizing gnss or.iii the same waypoint when both aircraft are utilizing gnss and.2 separation is checked by obtaining simultaneous dme and/or gnss readings from the aircraft at frequent intervals to ensure that the minimum will not be infringed . 748. 37 km 20 nm dme and/or gnss based separation between aircraft on same track and same level .important notice .if the leading aircraft maintains a true airspeed of 37 km/h 20 kt or more faster than the succeeding aircraft the longitudinal separation is reduced to 10 nm 19 km 20 nm.

Longitudinal separation .the longitudinal separation minimum based on time ?

Question 16-17 : 3 minutes 5 minutes 6 minutes 10 minutes

Doc4444 pans atm .longitudinal separation minima based on time.aircraft flying on the same track .a 15 minutes or.b 10 minutes if navigation aids permit frequent determination of position and speed or.c 5 minutes in the following cases provided that in each case the preceding aircraft is maintaining a true airspeed of 37 km/h 20 kt or more faster than the succeeding aircraft. 1 between aircraft that have departed from the same aerodrome . 2 between en route aircraft that have reported over the same exact significant point . 3 between departing and en route aircraft after the en route aircraft has reported over a fix that is so located in relation to the departure point as to ensure that five minute separation can be established at the point the departing aircraft will join the air route or.d 3 minutes in the cases listed under c provided that in each case the preceding aircraft is maintaining a true airspeed of 74 km/h 40 kt or more faster than the succeeding aircraft see figure below . 749. three minute separation between aircraft on same track and same level

Longitudinal separation .the longitudinal separation minimum based on time ?

Question 16-18 : 10 minutes 3 minutes 15 minutes 5 minutes

exemple 184 10 minutes. — Doc4444 pans atm .longitudinal separation minima based on time.aircraft flying on the same track .a 15 minutes or.b 10 minutes if navigation aids permit frequent determination of position and speed see figure below or.c 5 minutes in the following cases provided that in each case the preceding aircraft is maintaining a true airspeed of 37 km/h 20 kt or more faster than the succeeding aircraft. 1 between aircraft that have departed from the same aerodrome . 2 between en route aircraft that have reported over the same exact significant point . 3 between departing and en route aircraft after the en route aircraft has reported over a fix that is so located in relation to the departure point as to ensure that five minute separation can be established at the point the departing aircraft will join the air route or.d 3 minutes in the cases listed under c provided that in each case the preceding aircraft is maintaining a true airspeed of 74 km/h 40 kt or more faster than the succeeding aircraft . 750. ten minute separation between aircraft on same track and same level 10 minutes.

Lower limit of controlled airspace.the lower limit of a control area / cta ?

Question 16-19 : 700 ft agl 1000 ft agl 1500 ft agl 3000 ft agl

A control area cta is a volume of controlled airspace that exists in the vicinity of an airport .it has a specified lower level and a specified upper level . 735.a cta is a box of airspace that does not touch the surface of the earth .annex 11 air traffic services specified a lower limit at a height above the ground or water of not less than 200 m 700 ft

Minimum radar separation on final approach.provided there is no danger of wake ?

Question 16-20 : 2 5 nm 2 nm 5 nm 3 nm

exemple 192 2.5 nm. — Icao doc 4444 procedures for air navigation services air traffic management .8 7 use of ats surveillance systems in the air traffic control service.8 7 3 separation minima based on ats surveillance systems.8 7 3 1 unless otherwise prescribed in accordance with 8 7 3 2 with respect to radar 8 7 3 3 or 8 7 3 4 or chapter 6 with respect to independent and dependent parallel approaches the horizontal separation minimum based on radar and/or ads b shall be 9 3 km 5 0 nm .8 7 3 2 the radar separation minimum in 8 7 3 1 may if so prescribed by the appropriate ats authority be reduced but not below .a 5 6 km 3 0 nm when radar capabilities at a given location so permit and.b 4 6 km 2 5 nm between succeeding aircraft which are established on the same final approach track within 18 5 km 10 nm of the runway end 2.5 nm.

Non radar wake turbulence separation minima for departing aircraft .the minimum ?

Question 16-21 : 2 minutes 3 minutes 4 minutes 1 minute

exemple 196 2 minutes. — Doc4444 pans atm .5 8 3 departing aircraft.5 8 3 1 a minimum separation of 2 minutes shall be applied between a light or medium aircraft taking off behind a heavy aircraft or a light aircraft taking off behind a medium aircraft when the aircraft are using .a the same runway .b parallel runways separated by less than 760 m 2 500 ft .c crossing runways if the projected flight path of the second aircraft will cross the projected flight path of the first aircraft at the same altitude or less than 300 m 1 000 ft below .d parallel runways separated by 760 m 2 500 ft or more if the projected flight path of the second aircraft will cross the projected flight path of the first aircraft at the same altitude or less than 300 m 1 000 ft below . 744. two minute separation for following aircraft . 745. two minute wake turbulence separation for crossing aircraft ..5 8 3 2 a separation minimum of 3 minutes shall be applied between a light or medium aircraft when taking off behind a heavy aircraft or a light aircraft when taking off behind a medium aircraft from .a an intermediate part of the same runway or.b an intermediate part of a parallel runway separated by less than 760 m 2 500 ft 2 minutes.

Separation methods and minima.one minute separation may be used between ?

Question 16-22 : 45° immediately after take off 30° immediately after take off 15° immediately after take off 25° immediately after take off

exemple 200 45° immediately after take-off. — Pans atm doc 4444 .5 6 minimum separation between departing aircraft.5 6 1 one minute separation is required if aircraft are to fly on tracks diverging by at least 45 degrees immediately after take off so that lateral separation is provided . 751. one minute separation between departing aircraft following tracks diverging by at least 45 degrees 45° immediately after take-off.

One of the functions ensured by a radar control unit for the provision of ?

Question 16-23 : To conduct surveillance radar approaches to apply a reduced vertical separation of 500 feet between ifr flights and vfr flights to apply a horizontal separation less than 5 nm to provide instructions in order to reduce separations minima if accepted by the pilots

exemple 204 To conduct surveillance radar approaches. — Radar units are there to ensure that aircraft have adequate separation not to reduce it below the normal minima To conduct surveillance radar approaches.

One of the functions ensured by a radar control unit for the provision of ?

Question 16-24 : To conduct precision radar approach par to apply a reduced vertical separation of 500 feet between ifr flights and vfr flights to apply a horizontal separation less than 5 nm to provide instructions to reduce the separation minima

exemple 208 To conduct precision radar approach (par). — Pans atm doc4444 . 752 To conduct precision radar approach (par).

Procedures related to communication failure ifr in vmc .which procedure do you ?

Question 16-25 : Continue to fly in vmc land at the nearest suitable aerodrome report the arrival by the most expeditious means to the appropriate air traffic control unit continue the flight at the assigned level and route carry out level changes as indicated in the filed atc flight plan start the approach to the flight plan destination at the planned eta maintain the assigned level and route and land at the nearest aerodrome where vmc conditions prevail continue to fly in vmc and return to the aerodrome of departure

exemple 212 Continue to fly in vmc, land at the nearest suitable aerodrome, report the arrival by the most expeditious means to the appropriate air traffic control unit. — Pans atm doc 4444 .15 3 air ground communications failure.15 3 1 action by air traffic control units when unable to maintain two way communication with an aircraft operating in a control area or control zone shall be as outlined in the paragraphs which follow .15 3 2 as soon as it is known that two way communication has failed action shall be taken to as certain whether the aircraft is able to receive transmissions from the air traffic control unit by requesting it to execute a specified manoeuvre which can be observed by radar or ads b or to transmit if possible a specified signal in order to indicate acknowledgement .15 3 3 if the aircraft fails to indicate that it is able to receive and acknowledge transmissions separation shall be maintained between the aircraft having the communication failure and other aircraft based on the assumption that the aircraft will .a if in visual meteorological conditions .1 continue to fly in visual meteorological conditions .2 land at the nearest suitable aerodrome and.3 report its arrival by the most expeditious means to the appropriate air traffic control unit or.b if in instrument meteorological conditions or when conditions are such that it does not appear likely that the pilot will complete the flight in accordance with a .1 unless otherwise prescribed on the basis of a regional air navigation agreement in airspace where procedural separation is being applied maintain the last assigned speed and level or minimum flight altitude if higher for a period of 20 minutes following the aircraft's failure to report its position over a compulsory reporting point and thereafter adjust level and speed in accordance with the filed flight plan or.2 in airspace where an ats surveillance system is used in the provision of air traffic control maintain the last assigned speed and level or minimum flight altitude if higher for a period of 7 minutes following .i the time the last assigned level or minimum flight altitude is reached or.ii the time the transponder is set to code 7600 or the ads b transmitter is set to indicate the loss of air ground communications or.iii the aircraft's failure to report its position over a compulsory reporting point .whichever is later and thereafter adjust level and speed in accordance with the filed flight plan .3 when being vectored or having been directed by atc to proceed offset using rnav without a specified limit proceed in the most direct manner possible to rejoin the current flight plan route no later than the next significant point taking into consideration the applicable minimum flight altitude .4 proceed according to the current flight plan route to the appropriate designated navigation aid or fix serving the destination aerodrome and when required to ensure compliance with 5 hold over this aid or fix until commencement of descent .5 commence descent from the navigation aid or fix specified in 4 at or as close as possible to the expected approach time last received and acknowledged or if no expected approach time has been received and acknowledged at or as close as possible to the estimated time of arrival resulting from the current flight plan .6 complete a normal instrument approach procedure as specified for the designated navigation aid or fix and.7 land if possible within 30 minutes after the estimated time of arrival specified in 5 or the last acknowledged expected approach time whichever is later Continue to fly in vmc, land at the nearest suitable aerodrome, report the arrival by the most expeditious means to the appropriate air traffic control unit.

Radar controlled aircraft on intermediate or final approach may be requested to ?

Question 16-26 : 20 knots and not within 4 nm of threshold 10 knots and not within 5 nm of threshold 25 knots at any stage 15 knots at any stage

exemple 216 20 knots and not within 4 nm of threshold. — Doc 4444 . 4 6 3 descending and arriving aircraft .4 6 3 1 an aircraft should when practicable be authorized to absorb a period of notified terminal delay by cruising at a reduced speed for the latter portion of its flight .4 6 3 2 an arriving aircraft may be instructed to maintain its 'maximum speed' 'minimum clean speed' 'minimum speed' or a specified speed . note 'minimum clean speed' signifies the minimum speed at which an aircraft can be flown in a clean configuration i e without deployment of lift augmentation devices speed brakes or landing gear .4 6 3 3 speed reductions to less than 460 km/h 250 kt ias for turbojet aircraft during initial descent from cruising level should be applied only with the concurrence of the flight crew .4 6 3 4 instructions for an aircraft to simultaneously maintain a high rate of descent and reduce its speed should be avoided as such manoeuvres are normally not compatible any significant speed reduction during descent may require the aircraft to temporarily level off to reduce speed before continuing descent .4 6 3 5 arriving aircraft should be permitted to operate in a clean configuration for as long as possible below 4 550 m fl 150 speed reductions for turbojet aircraft to not less than 410 km/h 220 kt ias which will normally be very close to the minimum speed of turbojet aircraft in a clean configuration may be used .4 6 3 6 only minor speed adjustments not exceeding plus/minus 40 km/h 20 kt ias should be used for aircraft on intermediate and final approach .4 6 3 7 speed control should not be applied to aircraft after passing a point 7 km 4 nm from the threshold on final approach . note the flight crew has a requirement to fly a stabilized approach airspeed and configuration typically by 5 km 3 nm from the threshold 20 knots and not within 4 nm of threshold.

Radar services precision surveillance radar.at what distance from the end of ?

Question 16-27 : 1 nm 2 nm 3 nm 5 nm

exemple 220 1 nm. — Pans atm doc4444 .8 6 2 4 psr identification procedures.8 6 2 4 1 where psr is used for identification aircraft may be identified by one or more of the following procedures .a by correlating a particular radar position indication with an aircraft reporting its position over or as bearing and distance from a point shown on the situation display and by ascertaining that the track of the particular radar position is consistent with the aircraft path or reported heading .b by correlating an observed radar position indication with an aircraft which is known to have just departed provided that the identification is established within 2 km 1 nm from the end of the runway used particular care should be taken to avoid confusion with aircraft holding over or overflying the aerodrome or with aircraft departing from or making a missed approach over adjacent runways 1 nm.

Radar services radar separation minima.unless otherwise prescribed by the ?

Question 16-28 : 5 0 nm 3 0 nm 10 0 nm 3 5 nm

exemple 224 5.0 nm. — Pans atm doc4444 .8 7 3 separation minima based on ats surveillance systems.8 7 3 1 unless otherwise prescribed in accordance with 8 7 3 2 with respect to radar 8 7 3 3 or 8 7 3 4 or chapter 6 with respect to independent and dependent parallel approaches the horizontal separation minimum based on radar and/or ads b shall be 9 3 km 5 0 nm 5.0 nm.

Radar services radar separation minima.without further condition when radar ?

Question 16-29 : 3 0 nm 2 0 nm 5 0 nm 1 5 nm

exemple 228 3.0 nm. — Pans atm doc 4444 .8 7 3 separation minima based on ats surveillance systems.8 7 3 1 unless otherwise prescribed in accordance with 8 7 3 2 with respect to radar 8 7 3 3 or 8 7 3 4 or chapter 6 with respect to independent and dependent parallel approaches the horizontal separation minimum based on radar and/or ads b shall be 9 3 km 5 0 nm .8 7 3 2 the radar separation minimum in 8 7 3 1 may if so prescribed by the appropriate ats authority be reduced but not below .a 5 6 km 3 0 nm when radar capabilities at a given location so permit 3.0 nm.

Regarding aerodrome flight information service afis ?

Question 16-30 : It can only supply limited services to the users and under no circumstances may it supply atc services its purpose is to supply atc services but it is not a state organisation it has the same privileges and prerogatives as an atc organisation but its activity is neither continuous nor regular its only purpose is to relay atc information to the aircraft in flight or on the ground

exemple 232 It can only supply limited services to the users and under no circumstances may it supply atc services. — Aerodrome flight information service afis is the term used to describe 'the provision of information useful for the safe and efficient conduct of aerodrome traffic at those aerodromes designated for use by international general aviation where the appropriate air traffic services authority determines that the provision of aerodrome control service is not justified or is not justified on a 24 hour basis' .afis should be provided by a unit located at the aerodrome and identified as an 'afis unit' an afis unit will provide flight information service and alerting service to aerodrome traffic .the afis unit is not an air traffic control unit except for cases when relaying clearance from air traffic control atc afis officers afiso shall only pass information and warnings to pilots pilots are therefore wholly responsible for maintaining proper spacing in conformity with the rules of the air It can only supply limited services to the users and under no circumstances may it supply atc services.

Required navigation performance rnp shall be prescribed ?

Question 16-31 : By states on the basis of regional air navigation agreements by states but not on the basis of regional air agreements by icao on the basis of regional air navigation agreements by regional air navigation agreements

exemple 236 By states on the basis of regional air navigation agreements. — Area navigation rnav icao annex 11 is a method of navigation permitting aircraft operations on any desired track within the coverage of station referenced navigation signal or within the limits of a self contained navigation system .basic rnav b rnav systems require rnp 5 required navigation performance 5 .basic rnav requires a track keeping accuracy of +/ 5nm or better for 95% of the flight time .precision rnav prnav systems require rnp 1 +/ 1 0nm for 95% of the flight time By states on the basis of regional air navigation agreements.

Icao annex 11 air traffic services alerting service .which phase of emergency ?

Question 16-32 : Alerfa incerfa detresfa searchfa

exemple 240 Alerfa. — Icao annex 11 air traffic services alerting service .incerfa the code word used to designate an uncertainty phase .alerfa the code word used to designate an alert phase .detresfa the code word used to designate an distress phase .annex 11 categorises emergency phases as follows . a uncertainty phase when .1 no communication has been received from an aircraft within a period of thirty minutes after the time a communication should have been received or from the time an unsuccessful attempt to establish communication with such aircraft was first made whichever is the earlier or when.2 an aircraft fails to arrive within thirty minutes of the estimated time of arrival last notified to or estimated by air traffic services units whichever is the later except when no doubt exists as to the safety of the aircraft and its occupants . b alert phase when .1 following the uncertainty phase subsequent attempts to establish communication with the aircraft or inquiries to other relevant sources have failed to reveal any news of the aircraft or when.2 an aircraft has been cleared to land and fails to land within five minutes of the estimated time of landing and communication has not been re established with the aircraft or when.3 information has been received which indicates that the operating efficiency of the aircraft has been impaired but not to the extent that a forced landing is likely except when evidence exists that would allay apprehension as to the safety of the aircraft and its occupants or when.4 an aircraft is known or believed to be the subject of unlawful interference . c distress phase when .1 following the alert phase further unsuccessful attempts to establish communication with the aircraft and more widespread unsuccessful inquiries point to the probability that the aircraft is in distress or when.2 the fuel on board is considered to be exhausted or to be insufficient to enable the aircraft to reach safety or when.3 information is received which indicates that the operating efficiency of the aircraft has been impaired to the extent that a forced landing is likely or when.4 information is received or it is reasonably certain that the aircraft is about to make or has made a forced landing except when there is reasonable certainty that the aircraft and its occupants are not threatened by grave and imminent danger and do not require immediate assistance Alerfa.

Icao annex 12 search and rescue .upon the occurrence of which phase the rcc ?

Question 16-33 : Alert phase alerfa uncertainty phase detresfa distress phase incerfa emergency phase emergenfa

exemple 244 Alert phase (alerfa). — Icao annex 12 chapter 5 operating procedures .5 1 information concerning emergencies.5 2 procedures for rescue coordination centres during emergency phases.5 2 1 uncertainty phase.upon the occurrence of an uncertainty phase the rescue coordination centre shall cooperate to the utmost with air traffic services units and other appropriate agencies and services in order that incoming reports may be speedily evaluated .5 2 2 alert phase. upon the occurrence of an alert phase the rescue coordination centre shall immediately alert search and rescue units and initiate any necessary action .. icao annex 11 air traffic services alerting service .incerfa the code word used to designate an uncertainty phase .alerfa the code word used to designate an alert phase .detresfa the code word used to designate an distress phase .annex 11 categorises emergency phases as follows . a uncertainty phase when .1 no communication has been received from an aircraft within a period of thirty minutes after the time a communication should have been received or from the time an unsuccessful attempt to establish communication with such aircraft was first made whichever is the earlier or when.2 an aircraft fails to arrive within thirty minutes of the estimated time of arrival last notified to or estimated by air traffic services units whichever is the later except when no doubt exists as to the safety of the aircraft and its occupants . b alert phase when .1 following the uncertainty phase subsequent attempts to establish communication with the aircraft or inquiries to other relevant sources have failed to reveal any news of the aircraft or when.2 an aircraft has been cleared to land and fails to land within five minutes of the estimated time of landing and communication has not been re established with the aircraft or when.3 information has been received which indicates that the operating efficiency of the aircraft has been impaired but not to the extent that a forced landing is likely except when evidence exists that would allay apprehension as to the safety of the aircraft and its occupants or when.4 an aircraft is known or believed to be the subject of unlawful interference . c distress phase when .1 following the alert phase further unsuccessful attempts to establish communication with the aircraft and more widespread unsuccessful inquiries point to the probability that the aircraft is in distress or when.2 the fuel on board is considered to be exhausted or to be insufficient to enable the aircraft to reach safety or when.3 information is received which indicates that the operating efficiency of the aircraft has been impaired to the extent that a forced landing is likely or when.4 information is received or it is reasonably certain that the aircraft is about to make or has made a forced landing except when there is reasonable certainty that the aircraft and its occupants are not threatened by grave and imminent danger and do not require immediate assistance Alert phase (alerfa).

Separation vmc and own separation .the 'clearance to fly maintaining own ?

Question 16-34 : Airspace class d and e vmc hours of daylight airspace class c vmc hours of daylight airspace class b c d and e vmc airspace class c d vmc

exemple 248 Airspace class d and e, vmc, hours of daylight. — Pans atm doc 4444 .5 9 clearances to fly maintaining own separation while in visual meteorological conditions.when so requested by an aircraft and provided it is agreed by the pilot of the other aircraft and so authorized by the appropriate ats authority an atc unit may clear a controlled flight including departing and arriving flights operating in airspace classes d and e in visual meteorological conditions during the hours of daylight to fly subject to maintaining own separation to one other aircraft and remaining in visual meteorological conditions when a controlled flight is so cleared the following shall apply .a the clearance shall be for a specified portion of the flight at or below 3050 m 10000 ft during climb or descentand subject to further restrictions as and when prescribed on the basis of regional air navigation agreements .b if there is a possibility that flight under visual meteorological conditions may become impracticable an ifr flight shall be provided with alternative instructions to be complied with in the event that flight in visual meteorological conditions vmc cannot be maintained for the term of the clearance .c the pilot of an ifr flight on observing that conditions are deteriorating and considering that operation in vmc will become impossible shall inform atc before entering instrument meteorological conditions imc and shall proceed in accordance with the alternative instructions given Airspace class d and e, vmc, hours of daylight.

Separation in the vicinity of aerodromes timed approaches .a 'timed approach ?

Question 16-35 : Pass a specified point inbound at a previously notified time keep distance and time equal between aircraft in the approach maintain a specified airspeed during the approach procedure notify the time when passing a specified point

exemple 252 Pass a specified point inbound at a previously notified time. — Pans atm doc 4444 .6 5 6 2 1 timed approach procedures.6 5 6 2 1 1 subject to approval by the appropriate ats authority the following procedure should be utilized as necessary to expedite the approaches of a number of arriving aircraft .a a suitable point on the approach path which shall be capable of being accurately determined by the pilot shall be specified to serve as a checkpoint in timing successive approaches .b aircraft shall be given a time at which to pass the specified point inbound which time shall be determined with the aim of achieving the desired interval between successive landings on the runway while respecting the applicable separation minima at all times including the period of runway occupancy .6 5 6 2 1 2 the time at which aircraft should pass the specified point shall be determined by the unit providing approach control service and notified to the aircraft sufficiently in advance to permit the pilot to arrange the flight path accordingly .6 5 6 2 1 3 each aircraft in the approach sequence shall be cleared to pass the specified point inbound at the previously notified time or any revision thereof after the preceding aircraft has reported passing the point inbound Pass a specified point inbound at a previously notified time.

Separation methods and minima essential traffic information.essential traffic ?

Question 16-36 : Controlled traffic not separated from another controlled traffic with the prescribed separation minima controlled traffic separated from other controlled traffic with the prescribed separation minima controlled ifr flights separated from uncontrolled flights within advisory airspace uncontrolled ifr flights separated from uncontrolled vfr flights within advisory airspace

exemple 256 Controlled traffic not separated from another controlled traffic with the prescribed separation minima. — Pans atm doc4444 .5 10 essential traffic information5 .10 1 general.5 10 1 1 essential traffic is that controlled traffic to which the provision of separation by atc is applicable but which in relation to a particular controlled flight is not or will not be separated from other controlled traffic by the appropriate separation minimum .5 10 1 2 essential traffic information shall be given to controlled flights concerned whenever they constitute essential traffic to each other Controlled traffic not separated from another controlled traffic with the prescribed separation minima.

Separation methods and minima essential traffic.a vfr flight constitutes ?

Question 16-37 : B b and c b c and d b c d and e

exemple 260 B. — Pans atm doc4444 .5 10 essential traffic information5 .10 1 general.5 10 1 1 essential traffic is that controlled traffic to which the provision of separation by atc is applicable but which in relation to a particular controlled flight is not or will not be separated from other controlled traffic by the appropriate separation minimum . note pursuant to section 5 2 but subject to certain exceptions stated therein atc is required to provide separation between ifr flights in airspace classes a to e and between ifr and vfr flights in classes b and c atc is not required to provide separation between vfr flights except within airspace class b therefore ifr or vfr flights may constitute essential traffic to ifr traffic and ifr flights may constitute essential traffic to vfr traffic however a vfr flight would not constitute essential traffic to other vfr flights except within class b airspace .5 10 1 2 essential traffic information shall be given to controlled flights concerned whenever they constitute essential traffic to each other B.

Separation methods and minima general .what are the controlled traffic ?

Question 16-38 : Vertical and horizontal separation vertical horizontal and angular separation time separation and track separation composite separation

exemple 264 Vertical and horizontal separation. — Doc4444 procedures for air navigation services air traffic management pans atm .chapter 5 separation methods and minima.5 2 provisions for the separation of controlled traffic.5 2 1 general.5 2 1 1 vertical or horizontal separation shall be provided .a between all flights in class a and b airspaces .b between ifr flights in class c d and e airspaces .c between ifr flights and vfr flights in class c airspace .d between ifr flights and special vfr flights and.e between special vfr flights when so prescribed by the appropriate ats authority Vertical and horizontal separation.

Separation methods and minima vertical separation minima vsm .according doc ?

Question 16-39 : 4000 feet 2000 feet 3000 feet 2000 feet

exemple 268 4000 feet. — At fl 290 and above if reduced vertical separation minima are not in use and the question doesn't specify 'in rvsm airspace' 4000 ft intervals are used to separate same direction aircraft instead of 2000 ft intervals below fl 290 .doc 4444 .5 3 vertical separation5 .5 3 2 vertical separation minimum.the vertical separation minimum vsm shall be .a nominal 300 m 1000 ft below fl 290 and a nominal 600 m 2000 ft at or above this level 4000 feet.

Separation methods and minima vertical separation the vertical separation ?

Question 16-40 : 2000 feet 600 m 1000 feet 300 m 500 feet 150 m 4000 feet 1200 m

exemple 272 2000 feet (600 m). — Doc4444 procedures for air navigation services air traffic management pans atm . 5 3 2 vertical separation minimum .the vertical separation minimum vsm shall be .a a nominal 300 m 1000 ft below fl 290 and a nominal 600 m 2000 ft at or above this level except as provided for in b below and.b within designated airspace subject to a regional air navigation agreement a nominal 300 m 1000 ft below fl 410 or a higher level where so prescribed for use under specified conditions and a nominal 600 m 2000 ft at or above this level 2000 feet (600 m).

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