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Question 17-1 : Separation methods and minima vertical separation .the vertical separation minimum vsm between flights operating in accordance with ifr within controlled airspace below fl 290 is ? [ Validation Marking ]

1000 ft 300 m

Doc4444 procedures for air navigation services air traffic management pans atm . 5 3 2 vertical separation minimum .the vertical separation minimum vsm shall be .a a nominal 300 m 1000 ft below fl 290 and a nominal 600 m 2000 ft at or above this level except as provided for in b below and.b within designated airspace subject to a regional air navigation agreement a nominal 300 m 1000 ft below fl 410 or a higher level where so prescribed for use under specified conditions and a nominal 600 m 2000 ft at or above this level

Question 17-2 : Subject to conditions specified by the appropriate ats authority a radar controller may request radar controlled aircraft to adjust their speed when established on intermediate and final approach this speed adjustment should not be more than ?

+/ 20 kt

Doc 4444 . 4 6 3 descending and arriving aircraft .4 6 3 1 an aircraft should when practicable be authorized to absorb a period of notified terminal delay by cruising at a reduced speed for the latter portion of its flight .4 6 3 2 an arriving aircraft may be instructed to maintain its 'maximum speed' 'minimum clean speed' 'minimum speed' or a specified speed . note 'minimum clean speed' signifies the minimum speed at which an aircraft can be flown in a clean configuration i e without deployment of lift augmentation devices speed brakes or landing gear .4 6 3 3 speed reductions to less than 460 km/h 250 kt ias for turbojet aircraft during initial descent from cruising level should be applied only with the concurrence of the flight crew .4 6 3 4 instructions for an aircraft to simultaneously maintain a high rate of descent and reduce its speed should be avoided as such manoeuvres are normally not compatible any significant speed reduction during descent may require the aircraft to temporarily level off to reduce speed before continuing descent .4 6 3 5 arriving aircraft should be permitted to operate in a clean configuration for as long as possible below 4 550 m fl 150 speed reductions for turbojet aircraft to not less than 410 km/h 220 kt ias which will normally be very close to the minimum speed of turbojet aircraft in a clean configuration may be used .4 6 3 6 only minor speed adjustments not exceeding plus/minus 40 km/h 20 kt ias should be used for aircraft on intermediate and final approach .4 6 3 7 speed control should not be applied to aircraft after passing a point 7 km 4 nm from the threshold on final approach . note the flight crew has a requirement to fly a stabilized approach airspeed and configuration typically by 5 km 3 nm from the threshold exemple 121 +/- 20 kt.

Question 17-3 : The air traffic control unit has reported 'radar contact' what does that mean to the pilot ?

The radar identity of the aircraft has been established

exemple 125 The radar identity of the aircraft has been established.

Question 17-4 : The alerting service is provided by ?

The ats unit responsible for the aircraft at that moment

exemple 129 The ats unit responsible for the aircraft at that moment.

Question 17-5 : Icao annex 7 aircraft nationality and registration marks .which material are the aircraft identification plates made up of ?

Fireproof metal or other fireproof material

Icao annex 7 aircraft nationality and registration marks . 8 identification plate .an aircraft shall carry an identification plate inscribed with at least its nationality or common mark and registration mark the plate shall be made of fireproof metal or other fireproof material of suitable physical properties and shall be secured to the aircraft in a prominent position near the main entrance or in the case of an unmanned free balloon affixed conspicuously to the exterior of the payload exemple 133 Fireproof metal or other fireproof material.

Question 17-6 : The eat has to be transmitted to the pilot as soon as possible in case the expected delay is ?

10 minutes

Doc4444 pans atm .chapter 6 separation in the vicinity of aerodromes.6 5 7 expected approach time.6 5 7 1 an expected approach time shall be determined for an arriving aircraft that will be subjected to a delay of 10 minutes or more or such other period as has been determined by the appropriate authority the expected approach time shall be transmitted to the aircraft as soon as practicable and preferably not later than at the commencement of its initial descent from cruising level a revised expected approach time shall be transmitted to the aircraft without delay whenever it differs from that previously transmitted by 5 minutes or more or such lesser period of time as has been established by the appropriate ats authority or agreed between the ats units concerned .6 5 7 2 an expected approach time shall be transmitted to the aircraft by the most expeditious means whenever it is anticipated that the aircraft will be required to hold for 30 minutes or more exemple 137 10 minutes.

Question 17-7 : The 'estimated total time' in block 16 of a vfr flight plan is the estimated time ?

Required by the aircraft from take off to arrive overhead the destination airport

Pans atm doc4444. total estimated elapsed time for ifr flights the estimated time required from take off to arrive over that designated point defined by reference to navigation aids from which it is intended that an instrument approach procedure will be commenced or if no navigation aid is associated with the destination aerodrome to arrive over the destination aerodrome for vfr flights the estimated time required from take off to arrive over the destination aerodrome exemple 141 Required by the aircraft from take-off to arrive overhead the destination airport.

Question 17-8 : The following minimum radar separation shall be provided between aircraft on the same localizer including additional longitudinal separation as required for wake turbulence ?

5 nm

Icao doc 4444 'procedures for air navigation services air traffic management' .8 7 use of ats surveillance systems in the air traffic control service.8 7 3 separation minima based on ats surveillance systems.8 7 3 1 unless otherwise prescribed in accordance with 8 7 3 2 with respect to radar 8 7 3 3 or 8 7 3 4 or chapter 6 with respect to independent and dependent parallel approaches the horizontal separation minimum based on radar and/or ads b shall be 9 3 km 5 0 nm .8 7 3 2 the radar separation minimum in 8 7 3 1 may if so prescribed by the appropriate ats authority be reduced but not below .a 5 6 km 3 0 nm when radar capabilities at a given location so permit and.b 4 6 km 2 5 nm between succeeding aircraft which are established on the same final approach track within 18 5 km 10 nm of the runway end . but for wake turbulence purposes the minumum separation is 4 nm for a 'heavy' following a 'heavy' .thus the correct answer is '4 nm or more' but only '5 nm' is offered at the exam exemple 145 5 nm.

Question 17-9 : The letter 'l' is written in the wake turbulence box of a flight plan form when the maximum certified take off weight of an aircraft is less than or equal to ?

7 000 kg

Pans atm doc4444 . 753 exemple 149 7 000 kg.

Question 17-10 : The longitudinal separation minima based on dme and each aircraft 'on track' uses dme stations is ?

10 nm provided that the leading aircraft maintains a true airspeed of 20 kt or more faster than the succeding aircraft

.5 4 2 3 3 aircraft at the same cruising level.5 4 2 3 3 1 aircraft on the same track .a 37 km 20 nm provided .1 each aircraft utilizes .i the same 'on track' dme station when both aircraft are utilizing dme or.ii an 'on track' dme station and a collocated waypoint when one aircraft is utilizing dme and the otheris utilizing gnss or.iii the same waypoint when both aircraft are utilizing gnss and.2 separation is checked by obtaining simultaneous dme and/or gnss readings from the aircraft at frequent intervals to ensure that the minimum will not be infringed see figure 5 21 .b 19 km 10 nm provided .1 the leading aircraft maintains a true airspeed of 37 km/h 20 kt or more faster than the succeeding aircraft .2 each aircraft utilizes .i the same 'on track' dme station when both aircraft are utilizing dme or.ii an 'on track' dme station and a collocated waypoint when one aircraft is utilizing dme and the other is utilizing gnss or.iii the same waypoint when both aircraft are utilizing gnss and.3 separation is checked by obtaining simultaneous dme and/or gnss readings from the aircraft at such intervals as are necessary to ensure that the minimum is established and will not be infringed .. 19 km 10 nm dme and/or gnss based separation between aircraft on same track and same level exemple 153 10 nm provided that the leading aircraft maintains a true airspeed of 20 kt or more faster than the succeding aircraft.

Question 17-11 : Longitudinal separation minima based on time .the longitudinal separation minima based on time between aircraft at same cruising level where navigation aids permit frequent determination of position and speed and the preceding aircraft is maintaining a true airspeed of 20 kt or more faster than the ?

5 minutes

Doc4444 pans atm .longitudinal separation minima based on time.aircraft flying on the same track .a 15 minutes or.b 10 minutes if navigation aids permit frequent determination of position and speed or.c 5 minutes in the following cases provided that in each case the preceding aircraft is maintaining a true airspeed of 37 km/h 20 kt or more faster than the succeeding aircraft see figure below . 1 between aircraft that have departed from the same aerodrome . 2 between en route aircraft that have reported over the same exact significant point . 3 between departing and en route aircraft after the en route aircraft has reported over a fix that is so located in relation to the departure point as to ensure that five minute separation can be established at the point the departing aircraft will join the air route or.d 3 minutes in the cases listed under c provided that in each case the preceding aircraft is maintaining a true airspeed of 74 km/h 40 kt or more faster than the succeeding aircraft . 746. five minute separation between aircraft on same track and same level exemple 157 5 minutes.

Question 17-12 : The longitudinal separation minima between aircraft departed from the same aerodrome and following the same track and the preceding aircraft is maintaining a true airspeed of 40 kt or more faster than the succeeding aircraft is ?

2 minutes

Icao doc 4444 .5 6 minimum separation between departing aircraft.5 6 2 two minutes are required between take offs when the preceding aircraft is 74 km/h 40 kt or more faster than the following aircraft and both aircraft will follow the same track . 754 exemple 161 2 minutes.

Question 17-13 : The pilot in command of an aircraft .1 must comply immediately to all instructions received from atc.2 is responsible only if he is the pic.3 may deviate from air regulations for safety reasons.4 may be exempt from air regulations in order to comply to an atc instruction.5 may ask for the ?

3 and 5

exemple 165 3 and 5.

Question 17-14 : The primary duty provided by a radar unit is ?

To provide radar separation

exemple 169 To provide radar separation.

Question 17-15 : The radar controller shall not request the pilot to adjust the speed where the aircraft has passed ?

4 nm from the threshold on final approach

Doc 4444 . 4 6 3 descending and arriving aircraft .4 6 3 1 an aircraft should when practicable be authorized to absorb a period of notified terminal delay by cruising at a reduced speed for the latter portion of its flight .4 6 3 2 an arriving aircraft may be instructed to maintain its 'maximum speed' 'minimum clean speed' 'minimum speed' or a specified speed . note 'minimum clean speed' signifies the minimum speed at which an aircraft can be flown in a clean configuration i e without deployment of lift augmentation devices speed brakes or landing gear .4 6 3 3 speed reductions to less than 460 km/h 250 kt ias for turbojet aircraft during initial descent from cruising level should be applied only with the concurrence of the flight crew .4 6 3 4 instructions for an aircraft to simultaneously maintain a high rate of descent and reduce its speed should be avoided as such manoeuvres are normally not compatible any significant speed reduction during descent may require the aircraft to temporarily level off to reduce speed before continuing descent .4 6 3 5 arriving aircraft should be permitted to operate in a clean configuration for as long as possible below 4 550 m fl 150 speed reductions for turbojet aircraft to not less than 410 km/h 220 kt ias which will normally be very close to the minimum speed of turbojet aircraft in a clean configuration may be used .4 6 3 6 only minor speed adjustments not exceeding plus/minus 40 km/h 20 kt ias should be used for aircraft on intermediate and final approach .4 6 3 7 speed control should not be applied to aircraft after passing a point 7 km 4 nm from the threshold on final approach . note the flight crew has a requirement to fly a stabilized approach airspeed and configuration typically by 5 km 3 nm from the threshold exemple 173 4 nm from the threshold on final approach.

Question 17-16 : The separation method whereby the vertical and horizontal separation may be reduced till a maximum of half the standard criteria is called ?

Composite separation

Annex 11 air traffic services .3 3 5 separation by an air traffic control unit shall be obtained by at least one of the following .a vertical separation. .b horizontal separation obtained by providing .1 longitudinal separation by maintaining an interval between aircraft operating along the same converging or reciprocal tracks expressed in time or distance or.2 lateral separation by maintaining aircraft on different routes or in different geographical areas .c composite separation consisting of a combination of vertical separation and one of the other forms of separation contained in b above using minima for each which may be lower than but not less than half of those used for each of the combined elements when applied individually composite separation shall only be applied on the basis of regional air navigation agreements exemple 177 Composite separation.

Question 17-17 : The speed limitation for both ifr flights and vfr flights inside ats airspace classified as b when flying below 3050 m 10000 ft amsl is ?

Not applicable

Img739

Question 17-18 : The speed limitation for ifr flights inside ats airspace classified as c when flying below 3050 m 10000 ft amsl is ?

Not applicable

Img739 exemple 185 Not applicable.

Question 17-19 : The speed limitation for ifr flights inside ats airspace classified as e when flying below 3 050 m 10 000 ft amsl is ?

250 kt ias

Img739

Question 17-20 : The speed limitation for vfr flights inside ats airspace classified as c when flying below 3 050 m 10 000 ft amsl is ?

250 kt ias

Img739 exemple 193 250 kt ias.

Question 17-21 : The surveillance radar approach shall be terminated at a distance of 2 nm from the touchdown except when as determined by the appropriate ats authority the accuracy of the radar equipment permits it to be continued to a prescribed point less than 2 nm from the touchdown .in this case distance and ?

Half nm

Approach surveillance radar sra is an aviation term for a type of radar instrument approach provided with active assistance from air traffic control the only airborne radio equipment required for radar approaches is a functioning radio transmitter and receiver the radar controller vectors the aircraft to align it with the runway centerline the controller continues the vectors to keep the aircraft on course until the pilot can complete the approach and landing by visual reference to the surface .icao annex 4444 air traffic management pans atm .chapter 8 ats surveillance services. 8 9 7 final approach procedures .8 9 7 1 surveillance radar approach.8 9 7 1 4 when as determined by the appropriate ats authority the accuracy of the radar equipment permits surveillance radar approaches may be continued to the threshold of the runway or to a prescribed point less than 4 km 2 nm from touchdown in which case .a distance and level information shall be given at each km each half nm .b transmission should not be interrupted for intervals of more than five seconds while the aircraft is within a distance of 8 km 4 nm from touchdown .c the controller should not be responsible for any duties other than those directly connected with a particular approach exemple 197 Half nm.

Question 17-22 : The transfer of an aircraft from one atc unit to another unit is done ?

By agreement with the receiving unit

exemple 201 By agreement with the receiving unit.

Question 17-23 : The units providing air traffic services are ?

Area control centre flight information centre approach control office aerodrome control tower and air traffic services reporting office

exemple 205 Area control centre - flight information centre - approach control office - aerodrome control tower and air traffic services reporting office.

Question 17-24 : The vmc minima for an airspace classified as 'b' above 10 000 feet msl are ?

1500 m horizontally 1000 ft vertically from clouds 8 km visibility

Sera 5001 vmc visibility and distance from cloud minima . 712. * when the height of the transition altitude is lower than 3050 m 10000 ft amsl fl 100 shall be used in lieu of 10000 ft . ** when so prescribed by the appropriate ats authority .a flight visibilities reduced to not less than 1 500 m may be permitted for flights operating . 1 at speeds of 140 kts ias or less to give adequate opportunity to observe other traffic or any obstacles in time to avoid collision or. 2 in circumstances in which the probability of encounters with other traffic would normally be low e g in areas of low volume traffic and for aerial work at low levels . b helicopters may be permitted to operate in less than 1 500 m but not less than 800 m flight visibility if manoeuvred at a speed that will give adequate opportunity to observe other traffic or any obstacles in time to avoid collision flight visibilities lower than 800 m may be permitted for special cases such as medical flights search and rescue operations and fire fighting . *** the vmc minima in class a airspace are included for guidance to pilots and do not imply acceptance of vfr flights in class a airspace exemple 209 1500 m horizontally; 1000 ft vertically from clouds; 8 km visibility.

Question 17-25 : Visual flight rules.the vmc minima for an airspace classified as 'g' above 10 000 feet msl are ?

1500 m horizontally and 1 000 feet vertically from clouds 8 km visibility

Sera 5001 vmc visibility and distance from cloud minima . 712. * when the height of the transition altitude is lower than 3050 m 10000 ft amsl fl 100 shall be used in lieu of 10000 ft . ** when so prescribed by the appropriate ats authority .a flight visibilities reduced to not less than 1 500 m may be permitted for flights operating . 1 at speeds of 140 kts ias or less to give adequate opportunity to observe other traffic or any obstacles in time to avoid collision or. 2 in circumstances in which the probability of encounters with other traffic would normally be low e g in areas of low volume traffic and for aerial work at low levels . b helicopters may be permitted to operate in less than 1 500 m but not less than 800 m flight visibility if manoeuvred at a speed that will give adequate opportunity to observe other traffic or any obstacles in time to avoid collision flight visibilities lower than 800 m may be permitted for special cases such as medical flights search and rescue operations and fire fighting . *** the vmc minima in class a airspace are included for guidance to pilots and do not imply acceptance of vfr flights in class a airspace exemple 213 1500 m horizontally and 1 000 feet vertically from clouds; 8 km visibility.

Question 17-26 : During a flight below the transition altitude an aircraft's altimeter should be set to ?

Qnh and the vertical position is expressed in terms of altitude

exemple 217 Qnh and the vertical position is expressed in terms of altitude.

Question 17-27 : To perform a vfr flight in airspace classification e ?

Two way radio communication is not required

Annex 11 air traffic services official table . 740 exemple 221 Two way radio communication is not required.

Question 17-28 : Right of way converging.two aircraft are approaching each other in a controlled airspace class d in vmc at approximately the same level on converging courses aircraft 'a' is flying under ifr aircraft 'b' is flying under vfr .who has the right of way ?

Aircraft 'b' providing it has 'a' on its left

When two aircraft are converging on approximately the same heading the aircraft which has the other on its right must give way . 704 exemple 225 Aircraft 'b', providing it has 'a' on its left.

Question 17-29 : Two minutes separation may be used between departing aircraft if they are to fly on the same track when ?

The preceeding aircraft is 40 kt or more faster than the following aircraft

Icao doc 4444 .5 6 minimum separation between departing aircraft.5 6 2 two minutes are required between take offs when the preceding aircraft is 74 km/h 40 kt or more faster than the following aircraft and both aircraft will follow the same track . 754 exemple 229 The preceeding aircraft is 40 kt or more faster than the following aircraft.

Question 17-30 : Unless otherwise prescribed by the appropriate ats authority the radar controller should notify the non radar controller when an aircraft making a radar approach is approximately ?

8 nm

Icao doc 4444 .8 9 6 radar approaches.8 9 6 1 6 unless otherwise prescribed by the appropriate ats authority the controller conducting the approach should notify the aerodrome controller or when applicable the procedural controller when an aircraft making a radar approach is approximately 15 km 8 nm from touchdown if landing clearance is not received at this time a subsequent notification should be made at approximately 8 km 4 nm from touchdown and landing clearance requested exemple 233 8 nm.

Question 17-31 : Minimum level ifr .unless otherwise prescribed what is the rule regarding level to be maintained by an aircraft flying ifr outside controlled airspace ?

1000 ft above the highest obstacle within 8 km of the estimated position of the aircraft

1000 ft and 8 km when not flying over high terrain or mountainous areas .2000 ft and 8 km over high terrain or mountainous areas exemple 237 1000 ft above the highest obstacle within 8 km of the estimated position of the aircraft.

Question 17-32 : Use of radar in the approach service vectoring to final approach track .when an aircraft is vectored by radar to the localizer course the angle between the interception course and the localizer course is normally 30 degrees in accordance with doc 4444 this angle shall not be greater than ?

45°

Icao doc 4444 'procedures for air navigation services air traffic management' .8 9 3 6 aircraft vectored for final approach should be given a heading or a series of headings calculated to close with the final approach track the final vector shall enable the aircraft to be established in level flight on the final approach track prior to intercepting the specified or nominal glide path if an mls ils or radar approach is to be made and should provide an intercept angle with the final approach track of 45 degrees or less

Question 17-33 : Vmc minima for vfr flights in class b airspace above 3050m 10000 ft amsl are ?

8 km visibility 1500 m horizontal and 1000 ft vertical distance from clouds

Annex 2 rules of the air official table ./com en/com010 454 exemple 245 8 km visibility, 1500 m horizontal and 1000 ft vertical distance from clouds.

Question 17-34 : Wake turbulence separation between departing aircraft .the minimum separation to be applied between a light or medium aircraft taking of behind a heavy aircraft or a light aircraft taking off behind a medium aircraft using the same runway is ?

2 minutes

Doc4444 pans atm .5 8 3 departing aircraft.5 8 3 1 a minimum separation of 2 minutes shall be applied between a light or medium aircraft taking off behind a heavy aircraft or a light aircraft taking off behind a medium aircraft when the aircraft are using .a the same runway .b parallel runways separated by less than 760 m 2 500 ft .c crossing runways if the projected flight path of the second aircraft will cross the projected flight path of the first aircraft at the same altitude or less than 300 m 1 000 ft below .d parallel runways separated by 760 m 2 500 ft or more if the projected flight path of the second aircraft will cross the projected flight path of the first aircraft at the same altitude or less than 300 m 1 000 ft below . 744. two minute separation for following aircraft . 745. two minute wake turbulence separation for crossing aircraft

Question 17-35 : What is meant when departure control instruct you to 'resume own navigation' after you have been vectored to an airway ?

You should maintain that airway by use of your navigation equipment

exemple 253 You should maintain that airway by use of your navigation equipment.

Question 17-36 : What is the minimum wake turbulence separation criteria when a light aircraft is taking off behind a medium aircraft and both are using the same runway ?

2 minutes

Doc4444 pans atm .5 8 3 departing aircraft.5 8 3 1 a minimum separation of 2 minutes shall be applied between a light or medium aircraft taking off behind a heavy aircraft or a light aircraft taking off behind a medium aircraft when the aircraft are using .a the same runway .b parallel runways separated by less than 760 m 2 500 ft .c crossing runways if the projected flight path of the second aircraft will cross the projected flight path of the first aircraft at the same altitude or less than 300 m 1 000 ft below .d parallel runways separated by 760 m 2 500 ft or more if the projected flight path of the second aircraft will cross the projected flight path of the first aircraft at the same altitude or less than 300 m 1 000 ft below . 744. two minute separation for following aircraft . 745. two minute wake turbulence separation for crossing aircraft ..5 8 3 2 a separation minimum of 3 minutes shall be applied between a light or medium aircraft when taking off behind a heavy aircraft or a light aircraft when taking off behind a medium aircraft from .a an intermediate part of the same runway or.b an intermediate part of a parallel runway separated by less than 760 m 2 500 ft exemple 257 2 minutes.

Question 17-37 : What is the shortest distance in a sequence for landing between a 'heavy' aircraft preceding a 'light' aircraft ?

6 nm

Img755.icao minimum radar separation distance exemple 261 6 nm.

Question 17-38 : What is the speed limit ias in airspace class e ?

250 kt for ifr and vfr up to fl 100

Img739 exemple 265 250 kt for ifr and vfr up to fl 100.

Question 17-39 : When a radar operator says the following to an aircraft 'fly heading 030' the pilot must fly heading ?

030° magnetic

exemple 269 030° magnetic.

Question 17-40 : When an aircraft is experiencing difficulties triggering of the alert phase is the responsibility of ?

Air traffic control and flight information centres

exemple 273 Air traffic control and flight information centres.


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