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The value of magnetic variation ? [ Formation assignment ]

Question 161-1 : Has a maximum of 180° must be 0° at the magnetic equator varies between a maximum of 45° east and 45° west cannot exceed 90°

Admin .the minimum magnetic variation declination is 0° the maximum magnetic variation declination is 180°and this will be along a line between the magnetic north pole and the geographic north pole . 1417 exemple 261 Has a maximum of 180°.Has a maximum of 180°.

The horizontal component of the earth's magnetic field ?

Question 161-2 : Is stronger closer to the magnetic equator weakens with increasing distance from the magnetic poles weakens with increasing distance from the nearer magnetic pole is approximately the same at all magnetic latitudes less than 60°

exemple 265 Is stronger closer to the magnetic equator.Is stronger closer to the magnetic equator.

When it is 0600 standard time in queensland australia the standard time in ?

Question 161-3 : 10 00 12 00 02 00 06 00

Admin .it is 0600 standard time in queensland first page list i places fast on utc austrialia+queensland = 10 h.they state the times given below should be substractd from standard time to give ut . 06h00 10h = 20h00 utc the previous day .standard time in hawaii .20h00 utc refer to list iii places slow on ut united sates of america+hawaii 10 h .they state the times given below should be substraced from ut to give standard time .20h00 utc 10 h = 10h00 exemple 269 10:0010:00

The circumference of the earth is approximately ?

Question 161-4 : 21600 nm 43200 nm 5400 nm 10800 nm

Admin .360° x 60 nm = 21600 nm exemple 273 21600 nm.21600 nm.

Isogonic lines connect positions that have ?

Question 161-5 : The same variation 0° variation the same elevation the same angle of magnetic dip

Admin . 1425.isogonic lines connect positions that have the same variation .agonic line a line which joins all points where the value of magnetic variation is zero exemple 277 The same variation.The same variation.

The local mean time at longitude 095°20'w at 0000 utc is ?

Question 161-6 : 17h38 40 previous day 06h41 20 previous day 17h38 40 same day 06h41 20 same day

Admin .the greenwich meridian is selected as standard meridian lmt local mean time at the greenwich meridian is equal to greenwich mean time gmt .at 00h00 utc it's midnight at the greenwich meridian .on earth we have 24 timezones so 360°/24h = 15°/h.each timezone equals 15° on earth's surface .if we move west ot the greenwich meridian we 'come back' .as we move of 95 3° thus 953°/15 = 6 3533 h 6h41min 20 sec .6h41 20 sec before midnight it is 17h 38 40 the previous day exemple 281 17h38:40 ; previous day.17h38:40 ; previous day.

5h 20min 20sec corresponds to a longitude difference of ?

Question 161-7 : 80°05' 81°10' 75°00' 78°45'

Admin .5h 20min 20sec = 5 x 60 + 20 3 = 320 3 min .each degree of longitude is equivalent to four minutes in time or 1h = 15° .320 3 min = 320 2/4° = 80 075' 80°05' exemple 285 80°05'.80°05'.

What is the value of the magnetic dip at the magnetic south pole ?

Question 161-8 : 90° 45° 60° 0°

Admin .magnetic dip is the angle between the horizontal and vertical forces acting on a compass needle toward the nearer pole . 1430.at the magnetic poles the earth's magnetic field is perpendicular to the earth's surface magnetic dip is 90° at the magnetic poles a dip needle stands vertical exemple 289 90°.90°.

What is the meaning of the term 'standard time' ?

Question 161-9 : It is the time set by the legal authorities for a country or part of a country it is an expression for local mean time it is the time zone system applicable only in the usa it is another term for utc

exemple 293 It is the time set by the legal authorities for a country or part of a country.It is the time set by the legal authorities for a country or part of a country.

What is the local mean time position 65°25'n 123°45'w at 2200 utc ?

Question 161-10 : 1345 2200 0615 0815

Admin .123 75' x 4 minutes per degree = 495 minutes.495 minutes = 8h35.west of greenwich we substract 8h35 to 22h00 = 13h45 exemple 297 1345.1345.

The main reason that day and night throughout the year have different duration ?

Question 161-11 : Inclination of the ecliptic to the equator earth's rotation relative speed of the sun along the ecliptic gravitational effect of the sun and moon on the speed of rotation of the earth

exemple 301 Inclination of the ecliptic to the equator.Inclination of the ecliptic to the equator.

The lines on the earth's surface that join points of equal magnetic variation ?

Question 161-12 : Isogonals isotachs isogrives isoclines

Admin . 1425.isogonic lines connect positions that have the same variation .agonic line a line which joins all points where the value of magnetic variation is zero exemple 305 Isogonals.Isogonals.

An aircraft departing a n40°00' e080°00' flies a constant true track of 270° ?

Question 161-13 : N40°00' e064°20' n40°00' e070°30' n40°00' e060°00' n40°00' e068°10'

Admin .6h x 120 kt = 720 nm .720 cos mean latitude = 720 / cos40° = 940.940 / 60 = 15 66 15°39' .from longitude e080°00' flying west e080°00' 15°39' = e64°21' exemple 309 N40°00' e064°20'.N40°00' e064°20'.

A nautical mile is equivalent to ?

Question 161-14 : 1852 m 1500 m 1012 m 1609 m

exemple 313 1852 m.1852 m.

An aircraft flies the following rhumb line tracks and distances from position ?

Question 161-15 : 04°00'n 029°58'w 04°00'n 030°02'w 04°00'n 030°00'w 03°58'n 030°02'w

Admin .the aircraft flies 600 nm 600/60 = 10° south from position 04°00'n 030°00'w .it is now at 06°00's 030°00'w .the aircraft flies 600 nm east from position 06°00's 030°00'w .it is now at 10°/cos6 around 10°03' east at 06°00's 019°57'w .the aircraft flies 600 nm north from position 06°00's 019°57'w .it is now 10° north at 04°00'n 019°57'w .the aircraft flies 600 nm west from position 04°00'n 019°57'w .it is now at 10°/cos4 around 10°01' west at 04°00'n 029°58'w exemple 317 04°00'n 029°58'w04°00'n 029°58'w

What is the final position after the following rhumb line tracks and distances ?

Question 161-16 : 60°00'n 090°00'w 60°00'n 030°00'e 59°00'n 060°00'w 59°00'n 090°00'w

Admin .the aircraft flies 3600 nm 3600/60 = 60° south from position 60°00'n 030°00'w .it is now at 00°00'n/s 030°00'w .the aircraft flies 3600 nm east from position 00°00'n/s 030°00'w .it is now at 60°/cos0 around 60° east at 00°00'n/s 030°00'e .the aircraft flies 3600 nm north from position 00°00'n/s 030°00'e .it is now 60° north at 60°00'n 030°00'e .the aircraft flies 3600 nm west from position 60°00'n 030°00'e .it is now at 60°/cos 60 around 120° west at 60°00'n 090°00'w exemple 321 60°00'n 090°00'w.60°00'n 090°00'w.

Complete the following statement regarding magnetic variation the charted ?

Question 161-17 : Magnetic pole movement causing numerical values at all locations to increase or decrease magnetic pole movement causing numerical values at all locations to increase a reducing field strength causing numerical values at all locations to decrease an increasing field strength causing numerical values at all locations to increase

exemple 325 Magnetic pole movement causing numerical values at all locations to increase or decrease.Magnetic pole movement causing numerical values at all locations to increase or decrease.

In which two months of the year is the difference between the transit of the ?

Question 161-18 : February and november march and september june and december april and august

Admin .apparent solar time or true solar time is given by the daily apparent motion of the true or observed sun it is based on the apparent solar day which is the interval between two successive returns of the sun to the local meridian .mean solar time conceptually is the hour angle of the fictitious mean sun the duration of daylight varies during the year the length of a mean solar day is nearly constant unlike that of an apparent solar day . true solar time duration is between 23 h 59 min 39 s et 24 h 0 min 30 s .because many of these long or short days occur in succession the difference builds up so that mean time is greater than apparent time by about 16 minutes in february and mean time is less than apparent time by about 16 minutes in november . 2474.the difference between the transit of the apparent sun and mean sun across the greenwich meridian is the greatest in february and november exemple 329 February and november.February and november.

What is the highest latitude listed below at which the sun will reach an ?

Question 161-19 : 23° 66° 0° 45°

Admin .the axis of the earth is tilted 23 5° degrees from 'vertical' this causes the northern hemisphere to be tilted toward the sun during half the year and tilted away from the sun the other half of the year . 2475.the sun is vertical perpendicular to the surface or as states an altitude of 90° above the horizon at 23 5°s and 23 5°n for solstices exemple 333 23°.23°.

Assuming mid latitudes 40° to 50°n/s at which time of year is the ?

Question 161-20 : Spring equinox and autumn equinox summer solstice and spring equinox summer solstice and winter solstice winter solstice and autumn equinox

Admin . 2476.the length of daylight/night at a given latitude varies with the declination of the sun and the greatest rate of change of declination is when the sun is crossing the equator at the spring and autumn equinox the rate of change of the length of daylight will therefore be greatest when the rate of change of declination is greatest exemple 337 Spring equinox and autumn equinox.Spring equinox and autumn equinox.

At what approximate date is the earth closest to the sun perihelion ?

Question 161-21 : Beginning of january end of march beginning of july end of june

Admin . 2477 exemple 341 Beginning of january.Beginning of january.

At what approximate date is the earth furthest from the sun aphelion ?

Question 161-22 : Beginning of july end of december beginning of january end of september

Admin . 2477.the aphelion is the point in the orbit of a planet or comet where it is farthest from the sun exemple 345 Beginning of july.Beginning of july.

An aircraft at position 60°n 005°w tracks 090° t for 315 km on completion ?

Question 161-23 : 000°40'e 005°15'e 002°10'w 000°15'e

Admin .315 km = 170 nm.170 / cos 60 = 340'.340' = 5° 40'.60°n 005°w 5° 40' = 60°n 000°40'e exemple 349 000°40'e.000°40'e.

The 'departure' between positions 60°n 160°e and 60°n 'x' is 900 nm what is ?

Question 161-24 : 170°w 140°w 145°e 175°e

Admin .distance = change in longitude x cos latitude.900 nm = change in longitude x cos 60.therefore .change in longitude = 900 / 0 5.change in longitude = 1800'.1800' / 60' = 30°.if position 'x' is west 160°e 30° = 130° .if position 'x' is east 160°e + 30° = 170°w exemple 353 170°w.170°w.

An aircraft at latitude 02°20'n tracks 180° t for 685 km on completion of the ?

Question 161-25 : 03°50's 04°10's 04°30's 09°05's

Admin .on a meridian 1° = 60 nm .we are heading south .685 km / 1 852 = 370 nm.370 / 60 = 6 16°.0 16° x 60 = 10' exactly 9 6 min .02°20'n 6°10' = 03°50's . 2478 exemple 357 03°50's.03°50's.

An aircraft at latitude 10° south flies north at a gs of 890 km/h what will ?

Question 161-26 : 02°00'n 12°15'n 22°00'n 03°50'n

Admin .1° of longitude = 60 nm.ground speed is 890 km/h or 890 /1 852 = 480 kt .480 x 1 5h = 720 nm travelled .720/60 = 12°.you are 10° south of the equator you are travelling north you will reach the equator after 10° you are now in northern hemisphere and you travel another 2° to arrive at 02°00'n exemple 361 02°00'n.02°00'n.

An aircraft at latitude 10°north flies south at a groundspeed of 445 km/h what ?

Question 161-27 : 02°00's 12°15's 22°00's 03°50's

Admin .1° of longitude = 60 nm.ground speed is 445 km/h or 445 /1 852 = 240 kt .240 x 3h = 720 nm travelled .720/60 = 12°.you are 10° north of the equator you are travelling south you will reach the equator after 10° you are now in southern hemisphere and you travel another 2° to arrive at 02°00's exemple 365 02°00's.02°00's.

An aircraft is flying in the shortest possible way between point 1 and 2 and ?

Question 161-28 : 9° zero +9° 4°

Admin .the aircraft follows a great circle track which is on the polar side of the rhumb line track .givry correction = 1/2 x 10° x sin60° = 4 33.east track .depart point 1 on heading 090° 4 33 = 85 67°.at halfway between point 1 and point 2 85 67 + 4 33 = 090°.arriving point 2 on heading 90° + 4 33 = 94 33° .crossing point 2 on course to point 3 we perform the same heading change when we have left point 1 .the track change when passing point 2 will be approximately 94 33° 85 67 = 8 66° minus 9° changes . 1418 exemple 369 -9°.-9°.

At the magnetic equator when accelerating after take off on heading west a ?

Question 161-29 : Indicates the correct heading overreads the heading underreads the heading indicates a turn to the south

Admin .magnetic dip is the angle between the horizontal and vertical forces acting on a compass needle toward the nearer pole . 1430.a direct reading compass has a pivoted magnet that is free to aligne itself with the horizontal component of the earth's magnetic field . 1945.the compass is pendulous and symmetrical and will sit level if there is no magnetic field or if the field is horizontal with no vertical component of the earth's magnetic force as on the magnetic equator .in fact the pendulosity helps to counteract the effect of dip trying to keep the compass card level .but because the cg is under the pivot point accelerating makes the bulk of the compass lag behind the machine and displace the cg aft of the pivot point if you were just going north or south all you would get is extra dip but if you are going east or west the north bit of the compass is pointing to the side of the aircraft and the displaced cg not being vertically in line with the pivot point ges towards north to create a couple that makes the compass turn clockwise to read less than 90° during the turn a deceleration has the opposite effect . acceleration errors are maximum on eat/west headings and near the magnetic poles and nil on north/south headings and at the equator .a mnemonic for the effect of acceleration error is the word ' ands ' acceleration north deceleration south .acceleration causes an indication toward north deceleration causes an indication toward south exemple 373 Indicates the correct heading.Indicates the correct heading.

The circumference of the parallel of latitude at 60°n is approximately ?

Question 161-30 : 10 800 nm 18 706 nm 20 000 nm 34 641 nm

Admin .360° x 60 nm x cos 60 = 10 800 nm exemple 377 10 800 nm.10 800 nm.

Given .position 'a' n60 w020 position 'b' n60 w021 position 'c' n59 w020 .what ?

Question 161-31 : 30 nm and 60 nm 52 nm and 60 nm 60 nm and 30 nm 60 nm and 52 nm

Admin .at the equator 1° = 60 nm .from a to b = 1° change of longitude .distance in nm for 1° change of longitude = 1° x 60 nm x cos latitude .distance in nm for 1° change of longitude = 1° x 60 nm x cos60° = 30 nm .from a to c = 1° change of latitude .distance in nm for 1° change of latitude = 1° x 60 nm = 60 nm exemple 381 30 nm and 60 nm.30 nm and 60 nm.

The coordinates of the heliport at issy les moulineaux are n48°50' e002°16 5' ?

Question 161-32 : S48°50' w177°43 5' s48°50' e177°43 5' s41°10' w177°43 5' s41°10' e177°43 5'

Admin .on the opposite side of the earth the latitude will be the same of our position but south .on the opposite side of the earth the longitude must be west 180° 002°16 5' = 177° 43 5' .if you want to check use the funny tool tunnel to other side of the earth exemple 385 S48°50' w177°43.5'.S48°50' w177°43.5'.

Isogonals are lines of equal ?

Question 161-33 : Magnetic variation compass deviation pressure wind velocity

Admin . 1425.isogonic lines connect positions that have the same variation .agonic line a line which joins all points where the value of magnetic variation is zero exemple 389 Magnetic variation.Magnetic variation.

At a specific location the value of magnetic variation ?

Question 161-34 : Varies slowly over time depends on the type of compass installed depends on the magnetic heading depends on the true heading

exemple 393 Varies slowly over time.Varies slowly over time.

Parallels of latitude except the equator are ?

Question 161-35 : Rhumb lines great circles both rhumb lines and great circles are neither rhumb lines nor great circles

exemple 397 Rhumb lines.Rhumb lines.

Given .a is n55° 000°.b is n54° e010°.the average true course of the great ?

Question 161-36 : 100° 104° 107° 096°

Admin .they specificaly state 'the average true course' . 2479.loxodrome track rhumb line true course between 2 points will be the same as the average great circle track orthodrome between those 2 points exemple 401 100°.100°.

Given .position 'a' is n00° e100° position 'b' is 240° t 200 nm from 'a' ?

Question 161-37 : S01°40' e097°07' n01°40' e097°07' s01°40' e101°40' n01°40' e101°40'

Admin .on a bearing of 240°t from a to b it means the b will be south of a south of the equator and to the west of 100°e longitude less than 100°e .only one answer satisfies this exemple 405 S01°40' e097°07'.S01°40' e097°07'.

The angle between magnetic north and compass north is called ?

Question 161-38 : Compass deviation compass error magnetic variation alignment error

Admin .learn the composition of this table . 1438 exemple 409 Compass deviation.Compass deviation.

The north and south magnetic poles are the only positions on the earth's ?

Question 161-39 : A freely suspended compass needle would stand vertical a position where the horizontal component of the earth's magnetic field is a maximum a freely suspended compass needle will stand horizontal the value of magnetic variation equals 90°

Admin . 2031.diagrammatic representation of the earth's magnetic field illustrating how field lines represented by arrows intersect the earth's surface and how inclination angle the angle formed between the field lines and the earth varies with latitude at the magnetic equator the curving line across the earth field lines are parallel to the earth's surface the field lines become progressively steeper as one travels north toward the magnetic pole where the field lines are directed straight down into the earth and the inclination angle is 90° . 1430.the force acting on the compass needle is directly proportional to the horizontal.component of the earth's field and inversely proportional to the vertical component of the earth's .at the magnetic poles the earth's magnetic field is perpendicular to the earth's surface magnetic dip is 90° at the magnetic poles a dip needle stands vertical exemple 413 A freely suspended compass needle would stand vertical.A freely suspended compass needle would stand vertical.

Value for the flattening of the earth is 1/298 earth's semi major axis as ?

Question 161-40 : 6356 9 6378 4 6367 6399 9

Admin . 2062.ratio of ellipticity e = a b /a = 1/298.6378 4 6378 4 / 298 = 6356 99 km exemple 417 6356.96356.9

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