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Question 167-1 : What is the classification of the airmass affecting position 'q' at 0600 utc. 261 ? [ Formation assignment ]

Tropical maritime.

. 455 exemple 267 Tropical maritime.

Question 167-2 : In which of the following regions does maritime polar air originate ?

East of greenland.

.a polar maritime air mass originates over the northern part of the north atlantic ocean east of greenland. it is unstable cool and moist air , and can produce anything from cumulus to cumulonimbus with showers and sunny spells in between.. 611 exemple 271 East of greenland.

Question 167-3 : In which of the following situations can freezing rain be encountered ?

Ahead of a warm front in the winter.

. 505.freezing rain is encountered ahead of a warm front, in winter and in summer and sometimes behind a cold front. exemple 275 Ahead of a warm front in the winter.

Question 167-4 : How do air masses move at a warm front ?

Warm air overrides a cold air mass.

. 505.in a warm front, warm air overrides a cold air mass. exemple 279 Warm air overrides a cold air mass.

Question 167-5 : What type of precipitation would you expect at an active unstable cold front ?

Showers associated with thunderstorms.

. 614.an air mass is unstable when an ascending parcel of air continues to rise to a considerable height eg cb..an unstable air mass will normally be characterised by cumuliform cloud and good visibility except in precipitation. exemple 283 Showers associated with thunderstorms.

Question 167-6 : What is the relative movement of the two air masses along a cold front ?

Cold air pushes under a warm air mass.

. 621.along a cold front, the cold air pushes the warm air up. exemple 287 Cold air pushes under a warm air mass.

Question 167-7 : What cloud cover is typical for a wide warm sector of a polar front depression over central europe in the summer ?

Fair weather cu.

.in a wide warm sector in summer over land you will have fair weather cumulus. in winter you will have stratus, mist and drizzle.. 516 exemple 291 Fair weather cu.

Question 167-8 : Which of the following describes a warm occlusion ?

The coldest air mass is ahead of the original warm front.

.with a warm occlusion, cold front rides up and over the warm front. 639. 626.in a warm occlusion the wedge of warm air from a warm sector depression is pushed up by the fast moving cold front and carried along aloft as the depression moves. exemple 295 The coldest air mass is ahead of the original warm front.

Question 167-9 : When do cold occlusions occur most frequently in europe ?

Summer.

.over europe, we get more warm occlusions in the winter and more cold occlusions in the summer. exemple 299 Summer.

Question 167-10 : In which main direction does a polar front depression move ?

Along the front towards the east.

.depressions affecting western europe develop over the atlantic where cold polar air meets warm tropical air, then moves east steered by the strong winds aloft. this boundary is known as the polar front as show in this picture. 517 exemple 303 Along the front towards the east.

Question 167-11 : What change in pressure, will occur at point a, during the next hour. 263 ?

A rise in pressure.

. 518.as the cold front moves away, the barometer starts rising. exemple 307 A rise in pressure.

Question 167-12 : What is the most likely cause of a lack of clouds at higher levels in a stationary high ?

Sinking air.

. 500.with convergence aloft and divergence at the surface sinking air will dissipate cloud. exemple 311 Sinking air.

Question 167-13 : The front labelled 'z' is a. 279 ?

Warm front.

exemple 315 Warm front.

Question 167-14 : What is the speed of the front located over france . 284 ?

15 kt

. 645 exemple 319 15 kt

Question 167-15 : How are the air masses distributed in a cold occlusion ?

The coldest air mass behind and the less cold air in front of the occlusion, the warm air mass is above ground level.

. 537.cold front 'lifts' the warm front up and over the very cold air. exemple 323 The coldest air mass behind and the less cold air in front of the occlusion, the warm air mass is above ground level.

Question 167-16 : What characterizes a stationary front ?

The surface wind usually has its direction parallel to the front.

.a stationary front forms when a cold front or warm front stops moving. this happens when two masses of air are pushing against each other but neither is powerful enough to move the other. winds blowing parallel to the front instead of perpendicular can help it stay in place.. 538.a stationary front may stay put for days. if the wind direction changes the front will start moving again, becoming either a cold or warm front. or the front may break apart...the weather is often cloudy along a stationary front and rain or snow often falls, especially if the front is in an area of low atmospheric pressure...on a weather map, a stationary front is shown as alternating red semicircles and blue triangles. the blue triangles point in one direction and the red semicircles point in the opposite direction. exemple 327 The surface wind usually has its direction parallel to the front.

Question 167-17 : In an intense trough of low pressure over iceland during wintertime the weather likely to be experienced is ?

Strong wind shear, convection and snow showers.

.with a trough of low pressure over iceland, and due to the coriolis effect a consequence of the earth's rotation , this in turn gives rise to a strong flow of cold air from greenland, which imply below normal temperatures in western greenland and over iceland. the weather likely to be experienced is strong wind shear, convection and snow showers in winter. exemple 331 Strong wind shear, convection and snow showers.

Question 167-18 : Where are you likely to find the strongest winds close to the ground ?

In the transition zone between two air masses.

.at the centre of a low pressure system a low or at the centre of a high pressure system a high and over area where there is little pressure gradient little variation in pressure over a large area winds are very light..on the other hand, in the transition zone between two air masses at a warm front or a cold front you will find the strong winds close to the ground. exemple 335 In the transition zone between two air masses.

Question 167-19 : An aircraft flying in the southern hemisphere at 2000 feet, has to turn to the right in order to allow for drift. in which direction, relative to the aircraft, is the centre of low pressure ?

In front.

.if you need to turn right to counteract the wind because you are drifting left, the wind is coming from your right..if you stand with your back to the wind, in the northern hemisphere, low pressure is on your left buys ballot's law... northern hemisphere. 542.so, in the southern hemisphere, if you stand with your back to the wind low pressure is on the right..the wind is coming from your right, so the centre of low pressure is in front of the aircraft. exemple 339 In front.

Question 167-20 : Between which latitudes are you most likely to find the subtropical high pressure belt ?

25° 35°.

. 584 exemple 343 25° - 35°.

Question 167-21 : 'after such a fine day, the ring around the moon was a bad sign yesterday evening for the weather today. and, sure enough, it is pouring down outside. the clouds are making an oppressively low ceiling of uniform grey, but at least it has become a little bit warmer'...which of these weather phenomena ?

A warm front.

. 622.the ring around the moon halo is caused by the cirrus of the warm front. exemple 347 A warm front.

Question 167-22 : What will be the effect on the reading of an altimeter of an aircraft parked on the ground during the period following the passage of an active cold front ?

It will have decreased.

.if, for example, your altimeter was set to 1020 hpa, and indication was 500 ft. after the passage of the cold front, the pressure will increase, your altimeter remained at 1020 hpa, now shows less than 500 ft. exemple 351 It will have decreased.

Question 167-23 : What will be the effect on the reading of an altimeter of an aircraft parked on the ground shortly before an active cold front passes ?

It will be increasing.

.take an example.parked on the ground, your altimeter subscale setting is 1020 hpa and indicated altitude is 0 ft..shortly before the active cold front passes, the pressure will begin to fall.for your altimeter, it is similar as a gain of alitude..you will see an altitude increase.. 518 exemple 355 It will be increasing.

Question 167-24 : What will be the effect on the reading of an altimeter of an aircraft parked on the ground as an active cold front is passing ?

It will first increase then decrease.

.as the active cold front is passing, the pressure will reduced, thus the altimeter will show an increase in altitude..after the cold front, surface pressure increases, thus the reading of the altimeter will show a decrease. exemple 359 It will first increase then decrease.

Question 167-25 : Which of the following best describes zone a. 299 ?

Trough of low pressure.

. 546 exemple 363 Trough of low pressure.

Question 167-26 : Which of the following best describes zone b. 299 ?

Col.

. 546 exemple 367 Col.

Question 167-27 : Which of the following best describes zone c. 299 ?

Ridge of high pressure.

. 546 exemple 371 Ridge of high pressure.

Question 167-28 : Which of the following best describes zone d. 299 ?

Depression.

. 546 exemple 375 Depression.

Question 167-29 : At which airport is the following weather development taking place.taf 231200z 231322 24014g32kt 4000 +tsra sct005 bkn015 bkn020cb becmg 1416 29012kt 9999 bkn030tcu sct100 tempo 1619 8000 shra bkn025tcu becmg 1922 27012kt 9999 sct030 ovc220 =. 302 ?

Einn

.the taf starts at 1300z with surface wind from south west, 14 kt gusting 32 kt and heavy thunderstorm and rain, typical of cold front conditions..the change between 1400z and 1600z indicates the passage of the cold front and cold sector polar maritime conditions, good visibility, cumulus cloud and the odd shower...the chart shows the situation at 1500z and it has just gone through einn, that's looking about right. the stations in switzerland lszh, zurich airport and sweden essa, stockholm airport are well clear of any frontal activity so it can't be any of them..at 1300z the fronts would be to the west of the scandinavian stations and, from the alignment of the isobars, we would expect the surface wind to be southerly. furthermore, the fronts won't hit essa until some time after 1500z so we can rule that one out. ekch will go into warm sector conditions tropical maritime poor visibility and possible stratus. we are left with engm and the surface wind directions in the taf don't tie in with the isobars. exemple 379 Einn

Question 167-30 : Which of the following weather conditions would be expected at athens airport lgat at around 1450 utc. 302 ?

21002kt 6000 br sct040 29/16 q1026 nosig =

.isobars are well spaced, it means no or low wind. this gives us two possible options..in may, at athens in the afternoon, temperature might easily rise up to more than 25°c. we have anticyclonic conditions with stable air, moderate visibility and heating will raise the cloud base and dissipate some of the cloud. exemple 383 21002kt 6000 br sct040 29/16 q1026 nosig =

Question 167-31 : This chart shows the weather conditions on the ground at 0600 utc on may 4. which of the following reports reflects weather development at geneva airport. 314 ?

Taf lsgg 040716 23016kt 8000 ra bkn030 ovc070 becmg 0810 5000 ra bkn020 ovc050 tempo 3000 +ra bkn010 ovc030 becmg 1215 25014kt 8000 sct030 bkn090 =

.a warm front is approaching. 505.as the front is approaching, the cloud base gets lower bkn030 ovc070 > bkn020 ovc050 > bkn010 ovc030 , the visibility decreases 8000m > 5000m > 3000m and the rain increases ra, ra, +ra..after the warm front, the wind turns slightly following the direction of the warm sector isobars , visibility increases and the cloud breaks up. exemple 387 Taf lsgg 040716 23016kt 8000 -ra bkn030 ovc070 becmg 0810 5000 ra bkn020 ovc050 tempo 3000 +ra bkn010 ovc030 becmg 1215 25014kt 8000 sct030 bkn090 =

Question 167-32 : In zurich during a summer day the following weather observations were taken.160450z 23015kt 3000 +ra sct008 sct020 ovc030 13/12 q1010 nosig =.160650z 25008kt 6000 sct040 bkn090 18/14 q1010 rera nosig =.160850z 25006kt 8000 sct040 sct100 19/15 q1009 nosig.161050z 24008kt 9999 sct040 sct100 21/15 ?

A warm front passed the station early in the morning and a cold front during late afternoon

exemple 391 A warm front passed the station early in the morning and a cold front during late afternoon

Question 167-33 : On an aerodrome, when a warm front is approaching ?

Qfe and qnh decrease.

.when a warm front is approaching, the surface pressure decreases..if the qfe was 1000 hpa and qnh 1020 hpa, they will become qfe 990 hpa and qnh 1010 hpa for example. your altimeter will show an increase of the indicated altitude..after the warm front, in the warm sector, surface pressure will remain unchanged and when the cold front will be there, surface pressure increase. your altimeter will show a decrease of the indicated altitude. exemple 395 Qfe and qnh decrease.

Question 167-34 : An observer on the northern hemisphere is under influence of the wind system of a depression, which is moving from west to east. the centre of the depression passes to the south of the observer..for this observer the wind direction is ?

Continuously backing.

.we are in the northern hemisphere, around the depression low , wind turns counterclockwise..the observer is north of the depression, he sees the wind coming from the south, to go north, by passing east..the centre of the depression passes to the south of his position, he sees the wind coming from east, going to west, by passing north. for him, the wind direction is continuously backing.. 627 exemple 399 Continuously backing.

Question 167-35 : In a warm front occlusion ?

The warm air is lifted.

.with a warm occlusion, cold front rides up and over the warm front, the warm air is lifted.. 512 exemple 403 The warm air is lifted.

Question 167-36 : An air mass is unstable when ?

An ascending parcel of air continues to rise to a considerable height.

exemple 407 An ascending parcel of air continues to rise to a considerable height.

Question 167-37 : An air mass is stable when ?

Lifted air returns to its original level.

exemple 411 Lifted air returns to its original level.

Question 167-38 : The weather most likely to be experienced at position 'r' is . 326 ?

Fine and warm at first, ac castellanus and cb in late afternoon with thunderstorms.

.it's summer time over england, few isobars and we are between low and high pressure...not much wind, we do not expect any front over our position for the next hours, most probably weather will be convective activity nice for the gliders. this could produces ac castellanus and cb in late afternoon with thunderstorms. exemple 415 Fine and warm at first, ac castellanus and cb in late afternoon with thunderstorms.

Question 167-39 : An occlusion has the characteristics of a warm front when ?

The cold air behind is warmer than the cold air ahead.

.you have cool air behind and cold air ahead. 512.with a warm occlusion, cold front rides up and over the warm front. the warm air is lifted. exemple 419 The cold air behind is warmer than the cold air ahead.

Question 167-40 : An unstable air mass will normally be characterised by ?

Cumuliform cloud and good visibility except in precipitation

exemple 423 Cumuliform cloud and good visibility except in precipitation


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