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Question 168-1 : A metar message is valid ? [ Formation assignment ]

At the time of observation

exemple 268 At the time of observation.

Question 168-2 : In a metar message br and hz mean respectively ?

Br = mist hz = haze

exemple 272 Br = mist hz = haze.

Question 168-3 : In a metar message the wind group is 23010mps this means ?

Wind from 230° true at 20 knots

Admin .mps metres per second.1 kt = 0 515 m/s .wind direction provides in a metar is in degrees true exemple 276 Wind from 230° true at 20 knots

Question 168-4 : On a significant weather chart we see the following for the area where a vfr flight will take place .bkn cu sc 100 / 023.if the flight is planned at fl 85 we can estimate that ?

We will be in solid clouds and consequently a vfr flight is not possible

Admin .broken bkn = 5 to 7 oktas .from fl023 up to fl100 we have 5 to 7 oktas cumulus and sratocumulus cloud coverage at fl85 we will certainly have to divert around some cumulus tops and it might be impossible to find a vfr path vfr flight is not possible in those conditions exemple 280 We will be in solid clouds and consequently a vfr flight is not possible.

Question 168-5 : On the significant weather chart we see the following indications .sct cu100/060.the forecast charts for fl 050 and fl 100 both indicate a wind from 320°/15 kt .in flight at fl 055 over an area of plains during the validity period of the significant weather chart we observe moderate turbulence ?

The instability of the air mass between the surface and the top of cumulus clouds

Admin .the winds at fl050 and fl100 are the same we can exclude the wind shear cumulus clouds from fl060 and fl100 indicate an air mass instability exemple 284 The instability of the air mass between the surface and the top of cumulus clouds.

Question 168-6 : Refer to the following taf message .lfxx 180800z 1809/1818 22020kt 6000 sct015 sct080 bemcg 1812/1814 24025kt 2000 ra bkn009 ovc070=.at 1400 utc the lowest cloud base will be ?

At 900 feet agl

Admin .at 1400 utc forecast cloud bases are .becmg 1214 24025kt 2000 ra bkn009 ovc070 .bkn009 broken 900 ft agl .ovc070 overcast 7000 ft agl .the lowest cloud base is therefore at 900 feet above groud level exemple 288 At 900 feet agl.

Question 168-7 : The taf weather messages are ?

Airport forecasts

exemple 292 Airport forecasts.

Question 168-8 : The term prob as used in a taf message indicates the probability in percentage of phenomena described during a specific period the numerical values immediately following the term prob are ?

30 or 40

Admin .icao annex 3 meteorological service for international air navigation .the probability of occurrence of an alternative value of a forecast element or elements should be indicated as necessary by use of the abbreviation 'prob' followed by the probability in tens of per cent and the time period during which the alternative value s is are expected to apply .the probability information should be placed after the element or elements forecast and be followed by the alternative value of the element or elements the probability of a forecast of temporary fluctuations in meteorological conditions should be indicated as necessary by use of the abbreviation 'prob' followed by the probability in tens of per cent placed before the change indicator 'tempo' and associated time group a probability of an alternative value or change of less than 30 per cent should not be considered sufficiently significant to be indicated a probability of an alternative value or change of 50 per cent or more for aviation purposes should not be considered a probability but instead should be indicated as necessary by use of the change indicators 'becmg' or 'tempo' .therefore the numerical values immediately following the term prob are 30 or 40 only exemple 296 30 or 40.

Question 168-9 : What type of precipitation might occur at 1700 utc .mkjp 160430z 160606 36010kt 9999 few025 becmg 1315 14020g34kt few015cb sct025 prob30 tempo 1720 6000 +shra sct010 bkn015cb becmg 2224 34010kt few025= ?

Heavy rain showers

exemple 300 Heavy rain showers

Question 168-10 : What is the lowest possible cloudbase forecast for 2300 utc .eddf 272200z 2806/2824 vrb05kt4000 br sct005 ovc013 becmg 2813/2814 9000 shra ovc015 prob40 tempo 2814/2816 vrb15g25kt 1600 tsra ovc010cb becmg 2816/2818 26010kt bkn030 becmg 2821/2822 cavok= ?

5000 feet

Admin . becmg 2122 cavok the lowest possible cloudbase forecast for 2300 utc is 5000 ft . .in cavok conditions there are no clouds below 5000ft cavok definition is .1 no cloud below 5000 ft above airfield level or minimum sector altitude whichever is higher .2 no cb or tcu at any height.3 visibility 10 km or more.4 no significant weather exemple 304 5000 feet.

Question 168-11 : What is the meaning of the expression 'few' ?

1 2 oktas

exemple 308 1 - 2 oktas.

Question 168-12 : Which of the following layers of fog above land is coded as mifg ?

A layer of 5 feet deep

Admin .icao annex 3 meteorological service for international air navigation .4 4 2 6 recommendation in local routine and special reports and in metar and speci the following characteristics of present weather phenomena as necessary should be reported using their respective abbreviations and relevant criteria as appropriate . shallow mi less than 2 m 6 ft above ground level exemple 312 A layer of 5 feet deep.

Question 168-13 : Which of the following phenomena has to be mentioned in a sigmet ?

Heavy duststorm

Admin .icao annexe 3 met services .sigmet or significant meteorological information is a weather advisory that contains meteorological information concerning the safety of all aircraft .the following are examples of weather phenomena that may be described in a sigmet . thunderstorms. cyclones tropical revolving storms . severe turbulence. severe icing. severe mountain waves. dust or sand storms. volcanic ash exemple 316 Heavy duststorm.

Question 168-14 : Which of the following phenomena has to be mentioned in a sigmet ?

Volcanic ash

Admin .icao annexe 3 met services .sigmet or significant meteorological information is a weather advisory that contains meteorological information concerning the safety of all aircraft .the following are examples of weather phenomena that may be described in a sigmet . thunderstorms. cyclones tropical revolving storms . severe turbulence. severe icing. severe mountain waves. dust or sand storms. volcanic ash exemple 320 Volcanic ash.

Question 168-15 : On an upper wind and temperature chart ?

The pressure is constant all over the chart

exemple 324 The pressure is constant all over the chart.

Question 168-16 : What is the most likely forecast lowest cloud base that can be expected during an approach to madrid into 2300 utc .taf lemd 281200z 281812 13005kt cavok tempo 1821 8000 sct020 sct030 becmg 2123 21005kt 9999 sct015 bkn080 prob40 tempo 2306 6000 sct008 ?

1500 feet

Admin .the tempo group is used for any conditions in wind visibility weather or sky condition which are expected to last for generally less than an hour at a time occasional and are expected to occur during less than half the time period the tempo indicator is followed by a four digit group giving the beginning hour and ending hour of the time period during which the temporary conditions are expected only the changing forecast meteorological conditions are included in tempo groups the omitted conditions are carried over from the previous time group .becmg 2123 21005kt 9999 sct015 bkn080 prob40 tempo 2306 6000 sct008 . sct008 concerns less than half of the period so the most likely conditions to expect will be cloud base to 1500 feet exemple 328 1500 feet.

Question 168-17 : What is the lowest visibility forecast for bangkok at eta 1400 utc .taf vtbd 271800z 2800/2824 vrb05kt 1200 br tempo 2800/2802 4000 becmg 2802/2805 9999 sct015 bkn100 tempo 2811/2818 04010g20kt 5000 tsra sct009 bkn014 bkn018cb becmg 2820/2824 6000= ?

5 km

Admin .at eta 1400 utc the taf indicates ' tempo 2811/2818 04010g20kt 5000 tsra sct009 bkn014 bkn018cb '.the tempo group is used for any conditions in wind visibility weather or sky condition which are expected to last for generally less than an hour at a time occasional and are expected to occur during less than half the time period .it means that between 1100 utc and 1800 utc the visibility could come down to 5000 m and this is the lowest visibility forecast for arrival at 1400 utc exemple 332 5 km.

Question 168-18 : What is the lowest probable cloud base forecast for eta 1700 utc at kingston .taf mkjp 160000z 1606/1706 36010kt 9999 few025 becmg 1613/1615 14020g34kt few015cb sct025 prob30 tempo 1615/1620 6000 +shra sct010 bkn015cb becmg 1623/1701 34010kt few025= ?

1000 ft

Admin .the lowest probable cloud base forecast for eta 1700 utc at kingston is 1000 ft .'becmg 1613/1615' changes the lowest cloud base to 1500 ft 1 to 2 oktas few015cb but there is a 30% probability prob30 tempo that there could be 3 to 4 oktas at 1000 ft sct010 exemple 336 1000 ft.

Question 168-19 : What is the lowest cloud base forecast for arrival at geneva eta 1200 utc .taf lsgg 020900z 021019 18007kt 9999 sct020 bkn100 becmg 1114 8000 ra sct010 ovc020 prob30 tempo 1018 vrb10g25kt tsra sct005 bkn015cb= ?

500 ft

Admin .taf lsgg 020900z 021019 18007kt 9999 sct020 bkn100 becmg 1114 8000 ra sct010 ovc020 prob30 tempo 1018 vrb10g25kt tsra sct005 bkn015cb=.the tempo group is used for any conditions in wind visibility weather or sky condition which are expected to last for generally less than an hour at a time occasional and are expected to occur during less than half the time period .at 1200 utc the lowest cloud base forecast is 500 ft tempo between 10h00 to 18h00 utc .for information a cloud base is few or sct a cloud ceiling is bkn or ovc coverage of one half of the sky exemple 340 500 ft.

Question 168-20 : What is the height of the lowest cloud forecast for bangkok at eta 1400 utc .taf vtbd 271800z 280024 vrb05kt 1200 br tempo 2800/2802 4000 becmg 2802/2805 9999 nsw sct015 bkn100 tempo 2811/2818 04010g20kt 4500 tsra sct009 bkn014 bkn018cb becmg 2820/2824 4000= ?

900 feet

Admin .at 1400 utc forecast cloud bases are .tempo 1118 04010g20kt 5000 tsra sct009 bkn014 bkn018cb becmg 2024 6000 .sct009 scatered 900 ft agl .bkn014 broken 1400 ft agl .bkn018 broken 1800 ft agl .the lowest cloud base is therefore at 900 feet above ground level exemple 344 900 feet.

Question 168-21 : Why can the following metar not be abbreviated to cavok .dllo 121550z 31018g30kt 9999 few060 bkn070 14/08 q1016 tempo 4000 ts=. aerodrome elevation 1000 ft msa for sector 000 190° 5800 ft for sector 190 360° 7300 ft ?

Because the cloud base is below the highest minimum sector altitude

Admin .icao annex 3 amendment 74 .1 no cloud below 5000 ft above airfield level or minimum sector altitude whichever is higher .2 no cb or tcu at any height.3 visibility 10 km or more.4 no significant weather.note highest minimum sector altitude is defined in icao pans ops part 1 definitions as the lowest altitude which may be used under emergency conditions which will provide a minimum clearance of 300 metres 1000 ft above all objects located in an area contained within a sector of a circle of 46 km 25 nautical miles radius centred on a radio aid to navigation exemple 348 Because the cloud base is below the highest minimum sector altitude.

Question 168-22 : What does the code taf amd mean ?

Revised taf

Admin .the report type header will always appear as the first element in the taf forecast there are two types of taf reports a routine forecast taf and an amended forecast taf amd an amended taf is issued when the current taf no longer adequately describes the ongoing weather or the forecaster feels the taf is not representative of the current or expected weather exemple 352 Revised taf.

Question 168-23 : What does the code r24r/p1500 mean ?

Rvr rwy 24 right above 1500 metres

exemple 356 Rvr rwy 24 right above 1500 metres.

Question 168-24 : What conditions are necessary for vertical visibility to be reported ?

Whenever the sky is obscured by fog or heavy precipitation and the height of the cloud base cannot be measured

exemple 360 Whenever the sky is obscured by fog or heavy precipitation and the height of the cloud base cannot be measured.

Question 168-25 : The term cavok is used when weather conditions are ?

9999 nsc nsw

Admin .icao annex 3 amendment 74 .when the following conditions occur simultaneously at the time of observation we can use the abbreviation of c eiling a nd v isibility ok cavok .1 no cloud below 5000 ft above airfield level or minimum sector altitude whichever is higher .2 no cb or tcu at any height.3 visibility 10 km or more.4 no significant weather.visibility 10 km or more is abbreviated in 9999 .nsc means 'no significant cloud' .nsw means 'no significant weather' exemple 364 9999, nsc, nsw.

Question 168-26 : How is a ceiling defined ?

Height above ground or water of the lowest layer of cloud below 20000 ft covering more than half of the sky

Admin .icao annex 2 rules of the air .ceiling the height above the ground or water of the base of the lowest layer of cloud below 6 000 metres 20 000 feet covering more than half the sky exemple 368 Height above ground or water of the lowest layer of cloud below 20000 ft covering more than half of the sky.

Question 168-27 : In the metar code the abbreviation vc indicates ?

Present weather between approximately 8 and 16 km of the aerodrome reference point

Admin .icao annex 3 meteorological service .vicinity between approximately 8 and 16 km of the aerodrome reference point and used only in metar and speci exemple 372 Present weather between approximately 8 and 16 km of the aerodrome reference point.

Question 168-28 : In the metar code the abbreviation vcbldu means ?

Blowing dust in the vicinity

exemple 376 Blowing dust in the vicinity.

Question 168-29 : Which of the following statements is an interpretation of the metar .00000kt 0200 r14/0800u r16/p1500u fzfg vv001 m03/m03 q1022 becmg 0800 = ?

Rvr for runway 14 800 metres vertical visibility 100 feet calm visibility improving to 800 metres in the next 2 hours

Admin .00000kt surface wind direction and speed calm .0200 visibility 200 metres .r14/0800u runway 14 visibility 800 meters runway visual range value shows an upward tendency . annex 3 if the runway visual range values during the 10 minute period have shown a distinct tendency such that the mean during the first 5 minutes varies by 100 m or more from the mean during the second 5 minutes of the period this should be indicated when the variation of the runway visual range values shows an upward or downward tendency this should be indicated by the abbreviation 'u' or 'd' respectively in circumstances when actual fluctuations during the 10 minute period show no distinct tendency this should be indicated using the abbreviation 'n' .r16/p1500u runway 16 visibility 1500 m p runway visual range is above the maximum value that can be determined by the system in use runway visual range value shows an upward tendency .fzfg freezing fog .m03/m03 temperature 3°c dew point 3°c .q1022 qnh 1022 hpa .becmg 0800 visibility improving to 800 metres in the next 2 hours exemple 380 Rvr for runway 14: 800 metres, vertical visibility 100 feet, calm, visibility improving to 800 metres in the next 2 hours.

Question 168-30 : Which of the four answers is a correct interpretation of data from the following metar .lszh 050820z 16003kt 0400 r14/p1500 r16/1000 fzfg vv003 m02/m02 q1026 becmg 2000 br = ?

Visibility 400 m rvr for runway 16 1000 m with no distinct tendency dew point 2°c freezing fog

Admin .metar for geneva issued on the 5th of the month at 08h40 utc .16003kt surface wind direction 160° and speed 3 kt .0400 visibility 400 metres .r14/p1500 runway 14 visibility 1500 m p runway visual range is above the maximum value that can be determined by the system in use .r16/1000 runway 16 visibility 1000 m .fzfg freezing fog .vv003 vertical visibility 300 feet .m02/m02 temperature 2°c dew point 2°c .q1026 qnh 1026 hpa .becmg 2000 br = visibility improving to 2000 metres in the next 2 hours with mist br is reported when visibility is at least 1000 m but not more than 5000 m exemple 384 Visibility 400 m, rvr for runway 16 1000 m with no distinct tendency, dew point -2°c, freezing fog.

Question 168-31 : Which of these four metar reports suggests that a thunderstorm is likely in the next few hours ?

201350z 21005kt 9999 sct040cb sct100 26/18 q1016 tempo 24018g30kt ts =

Admin .ts thunder storm exemple 388 201350z 21005kt 9999 sct040cb sct100 26/18 q1016 tempo 24018g30kt ts =

Question 168-32 : Which of the following weather reports could be in accordance with the regulations abbreviated to 'cavok' . msa minus airport elevation equals lszb 10000 ft lszh 8000 ft lsgg 12000 ft lfsb 6000 ft ?

Lszb 28012kt 9999 ovc100 16/12 q1012 becmg 5000 ra=

Admin .icao annex 3 amendment 74 .when the following conditions occur simultaneously at the time of observation .1 no cloud below 5000 ft above airfield level or minimum sector altitude whichever is higher .2 no cb or tcu at any height.3 visibility 10 km or more.4 no significant weather..lszh has a visibility less than 10 km .lfsb has cloud below minimum sector altitude msa 6000 ft cloud base 5000 ft .lsgg has cloud below minimum sector altitude msa 12000 ft cloud base 10000 ft .note highest minimum sector altitude is defined in icao pans ops part 1 definitions as the lowest altitude which may be used under emergency conditions which will provide a minimum clearance of 300 metres 1000 ft above all objects located in an area contained within a sector of a circle of 46 km 25 nautical miles radius centred on a radio aid to navigation exemple 392 Lszb 28012kt 9999 ovc100 16/12 q1012 becmg 5000 -ra=

Question 168-33 : Which of the following weather reports could be in accordance with the regulations abbreviated to 'cavok' ?

27019g37kt 9999 bkn050 18/14 q1016 nosig =

Admin .icao annex 3 amendment 74 .when the following conditions occur simultaneously at the time of observation .1 no cloud below 5000 ft above airfield level or minimum sector altitude whichever is higher .2 no cb or tcu at any height.3 visibility 10 km or more.4 no significant weather exemple 396 27019g37kt 9999 bkn050 18/14 q1016 nosig =

Question 168-34 : Which of the following statements is correct ?

Fg is reported only when visibility is reduced by water droplets or ice crystals to less than 1000 m

exemple 400 Fg is reported only when visibility is reduced by water droplets or ice crystals to less than 1000 m

Question 168-35 : Flight from bordeaux to amsterdam eta 2100 utc what lowest cloud base is forecast for arrival at amsterdam .taf eham 281500z 281601 14010kt 6000 ra sct025 becmg 1618 12015g25kt sct008 bkn013 tempo 1823 3000 ra bkn005 ovc010 becmg 2301 25020kt 8000 nsw bkn020 = ?

500 ft

Admin .tempo 18h to 23h broken 005 = 500ft exemple 404 500 ft.

Question 168-36 : What is the lowest cloud base that can be expected from the forecast for 1500 utc .kchs 280430z 280606 vrb05kt 4000 br sct005 ovc013 prob40 shra becmg 1314 9000 shra ovc015 prob40 tempo 1416 vrb15g25kt 1600 tsra ovc010cb becmg 1618 26010kt bkn030 becmg 2122 cavok ?

1000 feet

exemple 408 1000 feet

Question 168-37 : What is the symbol for hail on a significant weather chart . 373 ?

Symbol 2

Admin .icao annex 3 meteorological service for international air navigation . 547 exemple 412 Symbol 2.

Question 168-38 : To which type of message does the following text belong .mbst apch rwy26 rep at 1510 b747 30kt aspeedl 2nm fna= ?

Wind shear warning

Cqb15 july 2011 exemple 416 Wind shear warning.

Question 168-39 : What is determined by a transmissometer ?

Visibility runway visual range

exemple 420 Visibility, runway visual range.

Question 168-40 : Which of the following constant pressure charts would be most relevant for planning a flight at fl330 ?

250 hpa

Cqb15 july 2011 ..there is a few questions at the exam that take information directly from that table below write these down on a sticky and have them on the wall beside you .1013 hpa = msl.850 hpa = fl50.700 hpa = fl100.500 hpa = fl180.300 hpa = fl300.200 hpa = fl390..any others you can interpolate between these and figure it out .the decrease of 1hpa/27ft is only applicable at the lower levels of the troposphere as you go up and air pressure decreases the change of height per 1 hpa increases at msl 1hpa/27ft at fl180 it's 50ft/hpa and at fl390 it's 105ft/hpa exemple 424 250 hpa.


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