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Question 175-1 : When accelerating on an easterly heading in the northern hemisphere the compass card of a direct reading magnetic compass will turn ? [ Practice protocol ]

Clockwise giving an apparent turn toward the north

.acceleration errors .these are caused by inertia on east west headings .because the centre of gravity of the compasse is under the pivot point accelerating makes the bulk of the compass lag behind the machine and dispace the centre of gravity aft of the pivot point . /com en/com061 350 jpg.if you were just going north south all you would get is extra dip but because you are going east or west the north bit of the compass is pointing to the side of the aircraft and the displaced centre of gravity not being vertically in line with the pivot point goes towards north to create a couple that makes the compass turn clockwise to read less than 90° during the turn a deceleration has the oppposite effect to the south in the northern hemisphere .acceleration errors are maximum on east/west headings and near the magnetic poles and nil on north/south headings and at the equator .the watchword here is ands for northern hemisphere accelerate north decelerate south or sand for southern hemisphere south accelerate north decelerate . /com en/com061 77 jpg.example .in the northern hemisphere flying east if you accelerate the needle will deflect to the nearest pole north for an easterly deviation and to the south when decelerate . during deceleration after landing on runway 18 for example a compass in the northern hemisphere would indicate no apparent turn . during deceleraton after landing in an easterly direction a magnetic compass in the northern hemisphere indicates an apparent turn south . during deceleraton after landing in an westerly direction a magnetic compass in the southern hemisphere indicates an apparent turn north exemple 275 Clockwise giving an apparent turn toward the north.

Question 175-2 : A direct reading compass should be swung when ?

There is a large and permanent change in magnetic latitude

Admin .a compass swing should be done . on installation of the compasse in the first place. as per maintenance schedules. whenever there is any doubt about accuracy. after a shock to the airframe or a lightning strike. if the aircraft has been left standing for some time or has moved to a significantly different latitude. if there is a large and permanent change in magnetic latitude angle of dip . if a major component or electrical installation has changed .august 2020 this question also exists with the right answer . a period of 12 months has passed during which the aircraft has remained stationary on the ground exemple 279 There is a large, and permanent, change in magnetic latitude.

Question 175-3 : The direct reading magnetic compass is made aperiodic dead beat by ?

Keeping the magnetic assembly mass close to the compass point and by using damping wires

.aperiodicity the ability to settle quickly after a disturbance without overshooting or oscillating which is helped by the transparent suspension liquid and a wire spider assembly two magnets keep the mass of the assembly near the pivot reducing inertia light alloys reduce inertia even more thus the mass of the assembly is kept close to the compass point and damping wires are used exemple 283 Keeping the magnetic assembly mass close to the compass point and by using damping wires.

Question 175-4 : Given .true track is 348° drift 17° left variation 32°w deviation 4°e .what is the compass heading ?

033°

Admin . 1429.use this wonderful table for those questions exemple 287 033°.

Question 175-5 : Which of the following statements is correct concerning the effect of turning errors on a direct reading compass ?

Turning errors are greatest on north/south headings and are greatest at high latitudes

Admin .turning errors are caused by the dip of the compass needle which increases with latitude .turning errors are greatest on north/south headings and they are zero when turning on east/west headings exemple 291 Turning errors are greatest on north/south headings, and are greatest at high latitudes

Question 175-6 : Which of the following is an occasion for carrying out a compass swing on a direct reading compass ?

After an aircraft has passed through a severe electrical storm or has been struck by lightning

.a compass swing should be done . on installation of the compasse in the first place. as per maintenance schedules. whenever there is any doubt about accuracy. after a shock to the airframe or a lightning strike. if the aircraft has been left standing for some time or has moved to a significantly different latitude. if there is a large and permanent change in magnetic latitude angle of dip . if a major component or electrical installation has changed exemple 295 After an aircraft has passed through a severe electrical storm, or has been struck by lightning.

Question 175-7 : When is the magnetic compass most effective ?

About midway between the magnetic poles

Admin . 1430.a direct reading compass has a pivoted magnet that is free to aligne itself with the horizontal component of the earth's magnetic field . 1945.the compass is pendulous and symmetrical and will sit level if there is no magnetic field or if the field is horizontal with no vertical component of the earth's magnetic force as on the magnetic equator .magnetic compass is the most effective about midway between the magnetic poles exemple 299 About midway between the magnetic poles.

Question 175-8 : When an aircraft on a westerly heading on the northern hemisphere accelerates the effect of the acceleration error causes the magnetic compass to ?

Indicate a turn towards the north

.acceleration/deceleration errors are false compass indications of a swing to the north or south during speed changes of the airplane this error is most pronounced when flying on a heading of east or west and decreases when flying closer to a north or south heading in a direct north or south heading this error does not occur .in the northern hemisphere the compass swings towards the north during acceleration and towards the south during deceleration in the southern hemisphere this error occurs the other way round when the speed stabilises the error disappears .learn this for northern hemisphere ands . a cceleration gives apparent turn to n orth . d eceleration gives apparent turn to s outh exemple 303 Indicate a turn towards the north.

Question 175-9 : Given .true track 180°.drift 8°r.compass heading 195°.deviation 2° .calculate the variation ?

21°w

Admin . 1437.use this wonderful table for those questions exemple 307 21°w.

Question 175-10 : Compass deviation is defined as the angle between ?

Magnetic north and compass north

Admin .learn the composition of this table . 1438 exemple 311 Magnetic north and compass north.

Question 175-11 : Given .true course 300° drift 8°r variation 10°w deviation 4° .calculate the compass heading ?

306°

Admin . 1439.use this wonderful table for those questions exemple 315 306°.

Question 175-12 : Given .true track 352° variation 11° w deviation is 5° drift 10°r .calculate the compass heading ?

358°

. /com en/com061 143 jpg.use this wonderful table for those questions exemple 319 358°.

Question 175-13 : Given .true track 070°.variation 30°w.deviation +1°.drift 10°r .calculate the compass heading ?

089°

Admin . 1443.use this wonderful table for those questions exemple 323 089°.

Question 175-14 : Deviation applied to magnetic heading gives ?

Compass heading

Learn the composition of this table . /com en/com061 141 jpg. exemple 327 Compass heading.

Question 175-15 : Given .true course from a to b = 090° tas = 460 kt w/v = 360/100kt average variation = 10°e deviation = 2° .calculate the compass heading and gs ?

070° 450 kt

.put 460 kt tas on center dot under true index set true course 090° on the rotative scale under the wind mark 360°/100 kt you read 12° right drift . /com en/com061 198a jpg.turn to set under true index the true heading 078° 090° 12° drift you now read a ground speed under the wind mark of 450 kt . /com en/com061 198b jpg.your true heading is 078° minus 10°e variation your magnetic heading is 068° .for compass heading add 2°w deviation 068° + 2° = 070° exemple 331 070° - 450 kt.

Question 175-16 : An island is observed by weather radar to be 15° to the left the aircraft heading is 120° m and the magnetic variation 17°w what is the true bearing of the aircraft from the island ?

268°

Admin .our magnetic heading is 120° magnetic variation is 17° west our true heading is 120° 17° = 103° .true bearing of the island from the aircraft 103° 15°= 088° .true bearing of the aircraft from the island 088° 180° = 268° exemple 335 268°.

Question 175-17 : The main reason for mounting the detector unit of a remote reading compass in the wingtip of an aeroplane is ?

To minimise the amount of deviation caused by aircraft magnetism and electrical circuits

exemple 339 To minimise the amount of deviation caused by aircraft magnetism and electrical circuits

Question 175-18 : A ground feature was observed on a relative bearing of 315° and 3 minutes later on a relative bearing of 270° the wind is calm .aircraft gs 180 kt .the minimum distance between the aircraft and the ground feature is ?

9 nm

Admin . 2524.we have an isosceles triangle and in an isosceles triangle two sides are equal in length .3 minutes at 180 kt = 9 nm .this question has been seen in february 2023 with a relative bearing of 225° instead of 315° the answer remains the same the aircraft is flying south instead of north exemple 343 9 nm.

Question 175-19 : An island is observed to be 15° to the left the aircraft heading is 120° m variation 17° w the bearing ° t from the aircraft to the island is ?

088°

Admin .our magnetic heading is 120° magnetic variation is 17° west our true heading is 120° 17° = 103° .true bearing of the island from the aircraft 103° 15°= 088° exemple 347 088°.

Question 175-20 : Lined up on runway 05 047° what should a direct reading compass must indicate ?

042° to 052°

Admin .amc 24 cs25/cs 23 after correction the cumulative deviation on any heading should not exceed 10° 5° to the left and 5° to the right .when lined up for take off you have to check if indication is within limits if you read 042° or 052° you are allowed to take off .this serviceability test consists of comparing the drc indication to another reference e g other compass system or runway direction .pdaus87 .what is the true answer i do in aviation exam it states the answer is 037 057 . .if you read 037° 057° accuracy is 20° and it's not correct and safe .this question also exists with an other statement the maximum permissible deviation errors for a direct reading compass is .right answer 10° exemple 351 042° to 052°.

Question 175-21 : Permanent magnetism in aircraft arises chiefly from ?

Hammering and the effect of the earth's magnetic field whilst under construction

exemple 355 Hammering, and the effect of the earth's magnetic field, whilst under construction

Question 175-22 : The main reason for usually mounting the detector unit of a remote indicating compass in the wingtip of an aeroplane is to ?

Reduce the amount of deviation caused by aircraft magnetism and electrical circuits

.the detector unit is positioned in a part of the aircraft least affected by on board electrical fields usually the wing tip or tail fin where any aircraft generated magnetic disturbances are at a minimum exemple 359 Reduce the amount of deviation caused by aircraft magnetism and electrical circuits.

Question 175-23 : Concerning direct reading magnetic compasses in the northern hemisphere it can be said that ?

On an easterly heading a longitudinal acceleration causes an apparent turn to the north

Onus overshoot north undershoot south exemple 363 On an easterly heading, a longitudinal acceleration causes an apparent turn to the north

Question 175-24 : A negative westerly magnetic variation signifies that ?

True north is east of magnetic north

Admin .the minimum magnetic variation declination is 0° the maximum magnetic variation declination is 180°and this will be along a line between the magnetic north pole and the geographic north pole . 1417.a west magnetic variation declination signifies that true north is east of magnetic north exemple 367 True north is east of magnetic north.

Question 175-25 : In northern hemisphere during an acceleration in an easterly direction the magnetic compass will indicate ?

A decrease in heading

.acceleration errors .these are caused by inertia on east west headings .because the centre of gravity of the compasse is under the pivot point accelerating makes the bulk of the compass lag behind the machine and dispace the centre of gravity aft of the pivot point . /com en/com061 350 jpg.if you were just going north south all you would get is extra dip but because you are going east or west the north bit of the compass is pointing to the side of the aircraft and the displaced centre of gravity not being vertically in line with the pivot point goes towards north to create a couple that makes the compass turn clockwise to read less than 90° during the turn a deceleration has the oppposite effect to the south in the northern hemisphere .acceleration errors are maximum on east/west headings and near the magnetic poles and nil on north/south headings and at the equator .the watchword here is ands for northern hemisphere accelerate north decelerate south or sand for southern hemisphere south accelerate north decelerate . /com en/com061 77 jpg.example .in the northern hemisphere flying east if you accelerate the needle will deflect to the nearest pole north for an easterly deviation and to the south when decelerate . during acceleration at take off on runway 18 for example a compass in the northern hemisphere would indicate no apparent turn . during acceleraton at take off in an easterly direction a magnetic compass in the northern hemisphere indicates an apparent turn north . during acceleraton at take off in an westerly direction a magnetic compass in the southern hemisphere indicates an apparent turn south exemple 371 A decrease in heading.

Question 175-26 : Magnetic compass calibration is carried out to reduce ?

Deviation

.calibration means the measurement of the deviation of a compass installed in an aircraft .'compass deviation' is the difference between magnetic north and the direction in which the compass is pointing deviation are measured in degrees east + or west .causes of deviation the compass magnets is influenced by magnetic fields within the aircraft fuselage the electronic equipments the engines exemple 375 Deviation.

Question 175-27 : One purpose of a compass calibration is to reduce the difference if any between ?

Compass north and magnetic north

exemple 379 Compass north and magnetic north.

Question 175-28 : One purpose of compass calibration is to determine the deviation ?

On any heading

Admin .the deviation is accurately ascertained on a number of headings and a graph is drawn which enables us to find the deviation on any heading . 2058.then a deviation card is mounted near the compass showing the addition or subtraction required to correct for deviation on various headings usually at intervals of 30° . 2057.for intermediate readings the pilot should be able to interpolate mentally with sufficient accuracy exemple 383 On any heading.

Question 175-29 : The force acting on the needle of a direct reading compass varies ?

Directly with the horizontal component of the earth's magnetic field

.magnetic dip is the angle between the horizontal and vertical forces acting on a compass needle toward the nearer pole . /com en/com061 110 jpg.the force acting on the compass needle is directly proportional to the horizontal.component of the earth's field and inversely proportional to the vertical component of the earth's .at the magnetic poles the earth's magnetic field is perpendicular to the earth's surface magnetic dip is 90° at the magnetic poles a dip needle stands vertical exemple 387 Directly with the horizontal component of the earth's magnetic field.

Question 175-30 : If the compass heading is 265° variation is 33° w and deviation is 3°e what is the true heading ?

235°

Admin . 2055.use this wonderful table for those questions exemple 391 235°.

Question 175-31 : In a remote indicating compass system the amount of deviation caused by aircraft magnetism and electrical circuits may be minimised by ?

Mounting the detector unit flux valve in the wingtip

exemple 395 Mounting the detector unit (flux valve) in the wingtip.

Question 175-32 : Which of the following statements about hard and soft iron in relation to magnetism is correct ?

Hard iron magnetism is of a permanent nature and soft iron is of a non permanent nature

.soft magnetic iron is a type of iron that has lower carbon content this type of soft magnetic iron is used to make electromagnets the low carbon content makes the iron more efficient at quickly getting magnetized and demagnetized .the soft iron does not retain memory of magnetism that means there is no magnetism left in the soft iron as soon as the magnetic field is removed this is called low hysteresis loss in science this makes the soft iron best suitable for making electromagnets .a hard iron in contrast to soft iron retains the magnetism permanently exemple 399 Hard iron magnetism is of a permanent nature and soft iron is of a non-permanent nature.

Question 175-33 : Which of the following variables affect deviation .1 magnetic latitude.2 aircraft heading.3 aircraft altitude.4 aircraft electronic equipment ?

1 2 and 4

exemple 403 1, 2 and 4

Question 175-34 : An ndb is located at position n55°26' w005°42' the variation at the ndb is 9°w .the position of the aircraft is 56°00'n 010°00'w the variation at the aircraft position is 11°w .the initial true track of the great circle from the aircraft position to the ndb position is 101 5° .what is the ?

112 5°

Admin .true track from the aircraft position to the ndb position is 101 5° .the variation at the aircraft position is 11°w .magnetic bearing of the ndb from the aircraft = 101 5° + 11° = 112 5° . notice 'variation west magnetic best' thus '+' for the variation exemple 407 112.5°.

Question 175-35 : Given .compass heading = 233°.true track = 256°.drift angle = 10°r.deviation = 3°.what is the variation ?

16°e

. /com en/com061 629 jpg.use this wonderful table for those questions exemple 411 16°e.

Question 175-36 : Deviation on the standby compass is ?

Dependent on the heading of the aircraft

exemple 415 Dependent on the heading of the aircraft.

Question 175-37 : Givent the deviation table of a direct reading compass drc the desired true heading is 155° the variation in the area is 10°w .course 000 030 060 090 120 150 180 210 240 270 300 330.steer 359 030 061 092 121 150 178 209 242 272 298 331.what should be the indication of the direct reading compass ?

164°

Admin .desired true heading is 155° ==> magnetic heading to follow ==> compass heading to follow .true heading 155° ==> magnetic heading 155° + 10° = 165° variation is 10°west so magnetic is best therefore our true heading is less than our magnetic heading .the correction on the deviation table for 150° is 0°and for 180° is 2° at 165° halfway it will be 1° .165° + 1° = 164° exemple 419 164°.

Question 175-38 : Direct reading compass drc deviation table is .course 000 030 060 090 120 150 180 210 240 270 300 330.steer 359 030 061 092 121 150 178 209 242 272 298 331.direct reading compass indicates a heading 242° .magnetic variation in this aera is 22°e .the true aircraft heading is ?

262°

Admin .the heading reads on the instrument is a compass heading .deviation table gives for a compass heading of 242° a magnetic heading of 240°.you now have to apply magnetic variation 22°e to find the true heading .240°+ 22° = 262° .for information .variation east magnetic least .variation is 22°east so magnetic is least therefore our true heading is greater than our magnetic heading exemple 423 262°.

Question 175-39 : During pre flight check serviceability of a direct reading standby compass indication can be compared preferably with .1 runway direction during line up.2 main compass indication.3 test vor indication.4 an adf bearing.5 an airborne weather radar bearing.the combination regrouping all the correct ?

1 and 2

exemple 427 1 and 2.

Question 175-40 : Which statement is true about the direct reading compass drc ?

Before take off the drc should be checked by comparing the heading to runway direction

exemple 431 Before take off the drc should be checked by comparing the heading to runway direction.


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