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Question 176-1 : When an aircraft flies into the vicinity of one of the magnetic poles why does the magnetic compass becomes unreliable or even useless ? [ Practice protocol ]

The horizontal component becomes so weak that the directive force is insufficient for a reliable compass indication

Admin . 2031.diagrammatic representation of the earth's magnetic field illustrating how field lines represented by arrows intersect the earth's surface and how inclination angle the angle formed between the field lines and the earth varies with latitude at the magnetic equator the curving line across the earth field lines are parallel to the earth's surface the field lines become progressively steeper as one travels north toward the magnetic pole where the field lines are directed straight down into the earth and the inclination angle is 90° . near the magnetic pole the horizontal component of the earth's magnetic field is too small to permit the use of a magnetic compass exemple 276 The horizontal component becomes so weak that the directive force is insufficient for a reliable compass indication.

Question 176-2 : A significant amount of ferrous material is transported on a cargo flight which aircraft system s should be checked for accuracy ?

The direct reading magnetic compass drmc

exemple 280 The direct reading magnetic compass (drmc).

Question 176-3 : According to the certification specifications for large aeroplanes cs 25 for standby compass instruments the accuracy of the magnetic heading indications after correction should be better than or equal to ?

10°

Admin . cs 25 1327 direction indicator . . b the magnetic direction indicator required by cs 25 1303 a 3 may not have a deviation after compensation in normal level flight greater than 10 degrees on any heading . .an accuracy of 10° or better is when readings are 042° 052° when line up on runway 05 for example .if you read 037° 057° accuracy is 20° and it's not correct .this question also exists with the statement the maximum permissible deviation errors for a direct reading compass is .answer 10° exemple 284 10°.

Question 176-4 : Which of the following will probably not result in a deviation change on a drc ?

Turning the adf on in flight

Ecq06 august 2020 exemple 288 Turning the adf on in flight.

Question 176-5 : An aircraft is lined up on runway 23 which is aligned with a magnetic bearing of 232°m during pre flight checks it is observed that the direct reading magnetic compass reads 243°m what action should be taken by the flight crew in order to comply with maximum permissible deviation errors ?

Cancel the flight and return to maintenance

Ecqb06 august 2020 .maximum permissible deviation errors are +/ 10° error given is 11° in this case the crew must cancel the flight and go to maintenance exemple 292 Cancel the flight and return to maintenance.

Question 176-6 : Annex ecqb 061 002 v2015 09 .deviation for a compass heading of 088° is . 2483 ?

2°

exemple 296 -2°.

Question 176-7 : The magnetic compass shows ?

Compass heading

exemple 300 Compass heading.

Question 176-8 : A direct reading compass drc ?

Does not require power from the aircraft systems to indicate the direction

exemple 304 Does not require power from the aircraft systems to indicate the direction.

Question 176-9 : An aircraft is lined up on runway 24 which is aligned with a magnetic bearing of 242°m in order to comply with maximum permissible deviation errors the direct reading magnetic compass readings should be between ?

237° 247°

Ae indique +/ 10° moi 5° seulement ce qui est plus logique j'ai volontairement enlevé la proposition 232° 252° ecqb06 august 2020 . cs 25 1327 direction indicator . . b the magnetic direction indicator required by cs 25 1303 a 3 may not have a deviation after compensation in normal level flight greater than 10 degrees on any heading . .an accuracy of 10° or better is when readings are 042° 052° when line up on runway 05 for example .if you read 037° 057° accuracy is 20° and it's not correct .this question also exists with the statement the maximum permissible deviation errors for a direct reading compass is .answer 10° exemple 308 237°-247°.

Question 176-10 : Your magnetic compass shows a compass heading of 090° 'e' .what is your magnetic heading if the deviation is 3° ?

087° m

exemple 312 087°(m).

Question 176-11 : Position a is located on the equator at longitude 130°00e position b is located 100 nm from a on a bearing of 225° t .the coordinates of position b are ?

01°11's 128°49'e

Admin .position b is on a bearing of 225° south west from a .if you departe from a located on the equator you will go in the south hemisphere so answer with 01°11 n are wrong .you are going west longitude will be less than 130°est exemple 316 01°11's 128°49'e.

Question 176-12 : The nominal scale of a lambert conformal conic chart is the ?

Scale at the standard parallels

Admin .the lambert conformal is what most of today's aeronautical charts are based on . 1776.on a lamberts chart scale is correct at the standard parallels where the cones slices through the surface of the globe and convergency is correct along the parallel of origin and the constant of the cone or convergence factor is the sine of the parallel of origin exemple 320 Scale at the standard parallels

Question 176-13 : The chart that is generally used for navigation in polar areas is based on a ?

Stereographical projection

Admin .the azimuthal stereographic projection is a conformal projection since the projection is conformal parallels and meridians intersect at right angles in the polar aspect the meridians are equally spaced straight lines the parallels are unequally spaced circles centered at the pole . 1383.spacing gradually increases away from the pole the scale is constant along any circle having its centre at the projection centre but increases moderately with distance from the centre the ellipses of distortion remain circles indicating conformality areas increase with distance from the projection center the polar stereographic projection is used in combination with the utm coordinate system as universal polar stereographic ups for mapping regions north of 84°n and south of 80°s polar areas .recommended for conformal mapping of regions approximately circular in shape exemple 324 Stereographical projection.

Question 176-14 : A mercator chart has a scale at the equator = 1 3 704 000 what is the scale at latitude 60° s ?

1 1 852 000

Admin .at 60°s scale is = 1 3 704 000 x 1 / cos60°.scale = 1 3 704 000 x 1 / 0 5.scale = 1 / 3 704 000 x 0 5 .scale = 1 1 852 000 exemple 328 1: 1 852 000

Question 176-15 : The distance measured between two points on a navigation map is 42 mm millimetres the scale of the chart is 1 1 600 000 the actual distance between these two point is approximately ?

36 30 nm

.1 mm on the map = 1 600 000 mm on the ground .1 600 000 mm = 1 6 km.1 6 km / 1 852 = 0 864 nm.1 mm on the map = 0 864 nm on the ground.42 mm = 0 864 x 42 = 36 28 nm exemple 332 36.30 nm.

Question 176-16 : The standard parallels of a lambert's conical orthomorphic projection are 07°40'n and 38°20'n the constant of the cone for this chart is ?

0 39

Admin .constant of cone convergency factor the ratio between the top angle of the unfolded cone and 360° or sine of the parallel of origin .the parallel of origin is about half way between the standard parallels .midway between 07°40'n and 38°20'n is 23° .sin of 23° = 0 39 exemple 336 0.39

Question 176-17 : On a lambert conformal conic chart the convergence of the meridians ?

Is the same as earth convergency at the parallel of origin

Admin .on a lamberts chart scale is correct at the standard parallels where the cones slices through the surface of the globe and convergency is correct along the parallel of origin and the constant of the cone or convergence factor is the sine of the parallel of origin exemple 340 Is the same as earth convergency at the parallel of origin.

Question 176-18 : A straight line drawn on a chart measures 4 63 cm and represents 150 nm the chart scale is ?

1 6 000 000

Admin .150 nm x 1 852 = 277 8 km.277 8 km x 1000 = 277 800 m.277 800 m x 100 = 27 7800 000 cm.27 7800 000 cm / 4 63 cm = 6 000 000 exemple 344 1: 6 000 000.

Question 176-19 : On a polar stereographic chart the initial great circle course from a 70°n 060°w to b 70°n 060°e is approximately ?

030° t

Admin . 1386.conversion angle formula is not accurate for long distances .but we can try .conversion angle 1/2 g sin lm.g change of longitude 120° .lm = mean latitude 70° .conversion angle = 1/2 x 120 x sin70 = 56°.090° rhumb line 56° = 034° exemple 348 030°(t).

Question 176-20 : On a lambert conformal conic chart great circles that are not meridians are ?

Curves concave to the parallel of origin

Admin .the parallel of origin is approximately at half way between the two standard parallels . 1387. 1388.standard parallels are 20°n and 50°n parallel of origin is 30°n.meridians which are great circles are straight lines .all other great circles are curved concave to the parallel of origin . 2506 exemple 352 Curves concave to the parallel of origin.

Question 176-21 : On a direct mercator projection at latitude 45° north a certain length represents 70 nm at latitude 30° north the same length represents approximately ?

86 nm

Admin .60 x cos 45 x x = 70.42 42 x x = 70. x = 70 / 42 42 = 1 65.60 x cos 30 x 1 65 = 86 nm .ducksherminator .i'd just like to give the method i used to find the answer i personnaly find it easier . 70/cos45° x cos30° = 85 73 exemple 356 86 nm.

Question 176-22 : On a polar stereographic projection chart showing the south pole a straight line joins position a 70°s 065°e to position b 70°s 025°w the true course on departure from position a is approximately ?

225°

Admin .draw the situtation . 1389 exemple 360 225°.

Question 176-23 : On a direct mercator projection the distance measured between two meridians spaced 5° apart at latitude 60°n is 8 cm the scale of this chart at latitude 60°n is approximately ?

1 3 500 000

Admin .scale = chart lenght/earth distance.earth distance = 5° x 60 nm x cos 60° = 150 nm.150 nm x 1 852 = 277 8 km.1 cm chart scale = 277 8 /8 = 34 725 km .1 cm 3 472 000 cm exemple 364 1: 3 500 000.

Question 176-24 : Two positions plotted on a polar stereographic chart a 80°n 000° and b 70°n 102°w are joined by a straight line whose highest latitude is reached at 035°w .at point b the true course is ?

203°

Admin .draw the situation . 1391.at the highest latitude 035°w our true course is 270° .on a polar stereographic chart convergency is equal to the change of longitude 102° 35° = 67°.270° 67° = 203° exemple 368 203°.

Question 176-25 : Assume a north polar stereographic chart whose grid is aligned with the greenwich meridian .an aircraft flies from the geographic north pole for a distance of 480 nm along the 110°e meridian then follows a grid track of 154° for a distance of 300 nm its position is now approximately . 2514 ?

80°00'n 080°e

Admin .the grid is aligned with the greenwich meridian .use meridian 090°e graduation to find distance 480 nm along the 110°e 1° = 60 nm 480/60 = 8° .next step your aircraft turn on a 154° heading grid track for a distance of 300 nm 300/60 = 5° . 1397.its position is now approximately 80°00'n 080°e exemple 372 80°00'n 080°e.

Question 176-26 : The convergence factor of a lambert conformal conic chart is quoted as 0 78535 at what latitude on the chart is earth convergency correctly represented ?

51°45'

Admin .the convergency factor on a lambert chart is the sinus of the parallel of origin .n = sin l0 .0 78535 = sin parallel of origin.parallel of origin = sin 1 0 78535 = 51 75 51°45' exemple 376 51°45'.

Question 176-27 : At 47° north the chart distance between meridians 10° apart is 12 7 cm the scale of the chart at 47° north approximates ?

1 6 000 000

Admin .scale = chart lenght/earth distance.earth distance = 10° x 60 nm x cos 47° = 409 2 nm.409 2 x 1 852 = 758 km.1 cm chart scale = 758 / 12 7 = 60 km.1 cm 6 000 000 cm . marcinkocybik .why we substract 758 / 12 7 . .we divide because 12 7 cm on the chart corresponds to 758 km on earth and we want to now the value for 1 cm exemple 380 1: 6 000 000

Question 176-28 : On a direct mercator chart a great circle will be represented by a ?

Curve concave to the equator

.on a direct mercator chart meridians a parallel equally spaced vertical straight lines . /com en/com061 514 jpg.great circle is the shortest distance between two points on earth but not on a direct mercator chart .for information . /com en/com061 394b jpg. exemple 384 Curve concave to the equator.

Question 176-29 : The constant of cone of a lambert conformal conic chart is quoted as 0 3955 at what latitude on the chart is earth convergency correctly represented ?

23°18'

Admin .constant of cone convergency factor the ratio between the top angle of the unfolded cone and 360° or sine of the parallel of origin .the parallel of origin is .sin 1 or arcsin of 23° = 23 29° 23°18' exemple 388 23°18'.

Question 176-30 : On a lambert conformal chart the distance between meridians 5° apart along latitude 37° north is 9 cm the scale of the chart at that parallel approximates ?

1 5 000 000

Scale = chart lenght/earth distance.earth distance = 5° x 60 nm x cos 37° = 239 6 nm.239 6 x 1 852 = 444 km.1 cm chart scale = 444 /9 = 49 33 km.1 cm 4 933 000 cm exemple 392 1: 5 000 000

Question 176-31 : The great circle bearing from a 70°s 030°w to b 70°s 060°e is approximately ?

132° t

Admin . 1422.great circle direction at a = 090° rhumb line + conversion angle 1/2 g sin lm .conversion angle = 1/2 g sin lm.g change of longitude 90° .lm = mean latitude 70° .conversion angle = 1/2 x 90° x sin70°.conversion angle = 42°.great circle direction at a = 090° + 42° = 132° exemple 396 132°(t).

Question 176-32 : In a navigation chart a distance of 49 nm is equal to 7 cm the scale of the chart is approximately ?

1 1 300 000

Admin .49 nm x 1 852 = 91 km.91 / 7 = 13 km.1 cm 1 300 000 cm exemple 400 1: 1 300 000

Question 176-33 : At 60°n the scale of a direct mercator chart is 1 3 000 000 what is the scale at the equator ?

1 6 000 000

.scale at 60°n = scale at equator x 1/cos60° = 1/3 000 000 ..scale at equator = cos60°/3 000 000 .scale at equator = 1/6 000 000 exemple 404 1: 6 000 000.

Question 176-34 : What is the chart distance between longitudes 179°e and 175°w on a direct mercator chart with a scale of 1 5 000 000 at the equator ?

133 mm

Admin .scale = chart distance/earth distance.earth distance = 6º = 6° x 60 nm = 360 nm at the equator.360 nm = 667 3km = 667 300 000 mm.scale = chart distance / 667 300 000 = 1/5 000 000.chart distance = 667 300 000 / 5 000 000 = 133 mm .dalton .on a mercator chart 179e and 175w are not distant by 6° but by 179+175=354° . .earth is a globe longitudes 179°e and 175°w are separated by 354° or 6° exemple 408 133 mm.

Question 176-35 : The total length of the 53°n parallel of latitude on a direct mercator chart is 133 cm what is the approximate scale of the chart at latitude 30°s ?

1 26 000 000

Admin .on a direct mercator chart meridians are parallel so all parallels of latitude will have the same lenght .scale = chart distance / earth distance. .scale = 133 cm / 360 x 60 x cos30°.scale = 133 cm / 18706 nm = 133 cm / 34643 5 km.scale = 133 cm / 34 643 500 m.scale = 133 cm / 34 643 500 000 cm.1 cm / 26 047 744 cm exemple 412 1: 26 000 000

Question 176-36 : A lambert conformal conic projection with two standard parallels ?

The scale is only correct along the standard parallels

Admin .the lambert conformal is what most of today's aeronautical charts are based on . 1776.on a lamberts chart scale is only correct at the standard parallels where the cones slices through the surface of the globe and convergency is correct along the parallel of origin and the constant of the cone or convergence factor is the sine of the parallel of origin exemple 416 The scale is only correct along the standard parallels.

Question 176-37 : The constant of the cone on a lambert chart where the convergence angle between longitudes 010°e and 030°w is 30° is ?

0 75

Chart convergency = difference of longitude x constant of cone.difference of longitude = 10°e to 30°w = 40° .30° = 40° x constant of cone.constant of cone = 30/40 = 0 75 exemple 420 0.75

Question 176-38 : A line drawn on a chart which joins all points where the value of magnetic variation is zero is called an ?

Agonic line

. /com en/com061 87 jpg.agonic line a line which joins all points where the value of magnetic variation is zero exemple 424 Agonic line.

Question 176-39 : The chart distance between meridians 10° apart at latitude 65° north is 9 5 cm the chart scale at this latitude approximates ?

1 5 000 000

Admin .scale = chart lenght/earth distance.earth distance = 10° x 60 nm x cos 65° = 254 nm.254 x 1 852 = 470 km.1 cm chart scale = 470 /9 5 = 49 47 km.1 cm 4 947 000 cm exemple 428 1: 5 000 000

Question 176-40 : On a lambert conformal conic chart with two standard parallels the quoted scale is correct ?

Along the two standard parallels

Admin .the lambert conformal is what most of today's aeronautical charts are based on . 1776.on a lamberts chart scale is correct at the standard parallels where the cones slices through the surface of the globe and convergency is correct along the parallel of origin and the constant of the cone or convergence factor is the sine of the parallel of origin exemple 432 Along the two standard parallels.


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