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Question 177-1 : On a lambert conformal conic chart earth convergency is most accurately represented at the ? [ Practice protocol ]

Parallel of origin

Admin .the lambert conformal is what most of today's aeronautical charts are based on . 1776.on a lamberts chart scale is correct at the standard parallels where the cones slices through the surface of the globe and convergency is correct along the parallel of origin and the constant of the cone or convergence factor is the sine of the parallel of origin .convergency is the angle of inclination between two selected meridians measured at a given latitude exemple 277 Parallel of origin.

Question 177-2 : A chart has the scale 1 1 000 000 from a to b on the chart measures 3 8 cm the distance from a to b in nm is ?

20 5

Admin .1 cm = 1 000 000 = 10 km.3 8 x 10 km = 38 km.38 / 1 852 = 20 5 nm exemple 281 20.5.

Question 177-3 : Contour lines on aeronautical maps and charts connect points ?

Having the same elevation above sea level

exemple 285 Having the same elevation above sea level

Question 177-4 : A rhumb line is ?

A line on the surface of the earth cutting all meridians at the same angle

. /com en/com061 101 jpg.remember .rhumb lines or loxodromes are tracks of constant true course .great circle is the shortest distance between two points exemple 289 A line on the surface of the earth cutting all meridians at the same angle.

Question 177-5 : A straight line on a lambert conformal projection chart for normal flight planning purposes ?

Is approximately a great circle

Meridians which are great circles are straight lines all other great circles are almost straight lines but curved concave to the parallel of origin rhumb lines loxodromes are curves concave to the pole exemple 293 Is approximately a great circle.

Question 177-6 : An aircraft flies a great circle track from 56°n 070°w to 62°n 110°e the total distance travelled is ?

3720 nm

Admin .070°w to 180°w/e = 110°.180°w/e to 110°e = 70°.difference of longitude = 180°.it seems that this great circle track will pass by the north pole .from position 56°n 070°w we have 34° of latitude to reach the north pole from north pole to position 62°n 110°e we have 28° of latitude .34° + 28° = 62°.62° x 60 nm = 3720 nm exemple 297 3720 nm.

Question 177-7 : Parallels of latitude on a direct mercator chart are ?

Parallel straight lines unequally spaced

Admin . 1753. direct mercator chart .parallels of latitude on a direct mercator chart are parallel straight lines unequally spaced the distance between latitudes increases away from the centre .meridians are parallel equally spaced vertical straight lines exemple 301 Parallel straight lines unequally spaced.

Question 177-8 : The parallels on a lambert conformal conic chart are represented by ?

Arcs of concentric circles

.the lambert conformal is what most of today's aeronautical charts are based on . /com en/com061 699 jpg. exemple 305 Arcs of concentric circles.

Question 177-9 : Approximately how many nautical miles correspond to 12 cm on a map with a scale of 1 2 000 000 ?

130

12 cm x 2 000 000 cm = 24 000 000 cm.24 000 000 cm = 240 km.240 km / 1 852 = 130 nm exemple 309 130.

Question 177-10 : A lambert conformal conic chart has a constant of the cone of 0 75 .the initial course of a straight line track drawn on this chart from a 40°n 050°w to b is 043° t at a.course at b is 055° t .what is the longitude of b ?

034° w

Admin .convergency = 055° 043° = 12°.change in longitude = convergency / n.change in longitude = 12° / 0 75 = 16°.a is at 050°w and b 34°w 50° 16° . minus 16° because we are heading east exemple 313 034° w.

Question 177-11 : A lambert conformal conic chart has a constant of the cone of 0 80 .a straight line course drawn on this chart from a 53°n 004°w to b is 080° at a.course at b is 092° t .what is the longitude of b ?

011°e

Admin .sin l0 = x / g.sin l0 = 0 80.x = 80° 92°= 12°.g = 12° / 0 80 = 15°.15° 4° = 11° exemple 317 011°e.

Question 177-12 : What is the radial and dme distance from bel vor/dme n5439 7 w00613 8 to position n5410 w00710 . err a 061 241 ?

236° 44 nm

exemple 321 236° - 44 nm

Question 177-13 : What is the radial and dme distance from bel vor/dme n5439 7 w00613 8 to position n5440 w00730 . err a 061 242 ?

278° 44 nm

.plot position n5440 w00730 and draw a line from belfast vor .center your protractor you read 278° . /com en/com061 242 jpg.use the latitude scale to find 44 nm exemple 325 278° - 44 nm

Question 177-14 : What is the average track °m and distance between wtd ndb n5211 3 w00705 0 and ker ndb n5210 9 w00931 5 . err a 061 244 ?

278° 90 nm

Img /com en/com061 244 jpg.align your protractor with the average magnetic north between wtd and ker magnetic track is 278° .use the latitude scale to find the distance 90 nm exemple 329 278° - 90 nm.

Question 177-15 : What is the average track °m and distance between crn ndb n5318 1 w00856 5 and wtd ndb n5211 3 w00705 0 . err a 061 246 ?

142° 95 nm

.report the magnetic north tick from cml clonmel ndb center your protractor you read an average magnetic trak of 142° . /com en/com061 246 jpg.use the scale to find the distance 95 nm exemple 333 142° - 95 nm.

Question 177-16 : What is the average track °m and distance between ker ndb n5210 9 w00931 5 and crn ndb n5318 1 w00856 5 . err a 061 248 ?

025° 70 nm

. /com en/com061 248 png.use the vertical scale to find the distance 70 nm magnetic north is indicated over vors and ndbs report a magnetic north tick center your protractor you read an average magnetic track of 025° exemple 337 025° - 70 nm.

Question 177-17 : On a direct mercator chart at latitude 15°s a certain length represents a distance of 120 nm on the earth .the same length on the chart will represent on the earth at latitude 10°n a distance of ?

122 3 nm

Admin .at latitude 15° 120 nm.at latitude 10° . cos 10 / cos 15 x 120 = 122 3 nm .similar solution .lenght at the equator 120 nm / cos15 = 124 23nm .lenght at 10° of latitude 124 23 x cos10 = 122 34 exemple 341 122.3 nm.

Question 177-18 : On a direct mercator chart at latitude 45°n a certain chart length along 45°n represents a distance of 90 nm on the surface of the earth .the same length on a chart along latitude 30°n will represent a distance on the earth of ?

110 nm

Admin .60 nm x cos 45 x x = 90.42 42 x x = 90. x = 90 / 42 42 = 2 12.60 x cos 30 x 2 12 = 110 15 nm exemple 345 110 nm.

Question 177-19 : On a transverse mercator chart the scale is exactly correct along the ?

Meridians of tangency

Admin .scale is correct along the meridian of tangency the central meridian and expands away from it . 2044 exemple 349 Meridians of tangency.

Question 177-20 : On a transverse mercator chart with the exception of the equator parallels of latitude appear as ?

Ellipses

Admin . 2515.transverse mercator map of the western hemisphere exemple 353 Ellipses.

Question 177-21 : An oblique mercator projection is used specifically to produce ?

Charts of the great circle route between two points

Admin . 2044.oblique mercator a cylindrical projection based on any other great circle of tangency exemple 357 Charts of the great circle route between two points.

Question 177-22 : Transverse mercator projections are used for ?

Maps of large north/south extent

Admin . 2515.transverse mercator map of the western hemisphere exemple 361 Maps of large north/south extent

Question 177-23 : On a polar stereographic chart a straight line between a 75° 00'n 166° 00'e and b 78° 00'n 154° 00'e is drawn .the true track angle of the rhumb line in b is 317° .calculate the direction t° of the straight line in position a ?

323°

Admin .the total longitude track change is 12° .convergency is change of longitude x sin mean lat so 12° x sin 77 5 = 11 71° .conversion angle is half of convergency 11 71/2 = 5 855° .317° + 5 855° = 322 855° exemple 365 323°.

Question 177-24 : The scale on a lambert conformal conic chart ?

Is constant along a parallel of latitude

Admin .the scale is constant along any parallel of latitude at it varies slightly with change of latitude .the scale changes along the meridians .the scale is correct along the standard parallels . 2507.the left red distance = the center red disance = the right red distance .the scale is constant along a parallel of latitude exemple 369 Is constant along a parallel of latitude.

Question 177-25 : A direct mercator graticule is based on a projection that is ?

Cylindrical

exemple 373 Cylindrical.

Question 177-26 : On a chart the distance along a meridian between latitudes 45°n and 46°n is 6 cm the scale of the chart is approximately ?

1 1 850 000

Admin .scale = chart lenght / earth distance.scale = 6 cm / 60 nm .scale = 6 cm / 111 2 km.scale = 6 cm / 11 120 000 cm.scale = 1 / 1 853 333 exemple 377 1: 1 850 000

Question 177-27 : Given chart scale is 1 1 850 000 the chart distance between two points is 4 centimetres earth distance is approximately ?

40 nm

Admin .4 cm x 1 850 000 cm = 7 400 000 cm = 74 km = 40 nm exemple 381 40 nm.

Question 177-28 : On a mercator chart at latitude 60°n the distance measured between w002° and e008° is 20 cm the scale of this chart at latitude 60°n is approximately ?

1 2 780 000

Admin .distance between w002° and e008° is 10° .scale = chart lenght/earth distance.earth distance = 10° x 60 nm x cos 60° = 300 nm.300 nm x 1 852 = 555 6 km.1 cm chart scale = 555 6 /20 = 27 78 km .1 cm 2 778 000 cm exemple 385 1: 2 780 000

Question 177-29 : Assume a mercator chart the distance between positions a and b located on the same parallel and 10° longitude apart is 6 cm the scale at the parallel is 1 9 260 000 .what is the latitude of a and b ?

60°n or s

Admin .scale = chart distance/earth distance = 1/9 260 000.if chart distance = 6 cm earth distance = 6 x 9 260 000cm = 55 560 000 cm .55 560 000 cm = 555 6 km.555 6 / 1 852 = 300 nm.10° of longitude on the chart= 300 nm.distance = change in longitude in nm x cos of latitude.10° at the equator = 10° x 60 nm = 600 nm.300 nm = 600 nm x cos of latitude.cos of latitude = 300/600 = 0 5.0 5 is cos 60º so this is at 60ºn or 60°s exemple 389 60°n or s.

Question 177-30 : On a lambert chart standard parallels 37°n and 65°n with respect to the straight line drawn on the map between a n49° w030° and b n48° w040° the ?

Great circle and rhumb line are to the south

Admin .with standard parallels at 65°n and 37°n the parallel of origin will be at 51°n 65+37 /2 .the straight line n49° to n48° will be south of the parallel of origin .the great circle track will be concave to the parallel of origin and also located south of the parallel of origin .the rhumb line track will be concave to the nearer pole and also located south of the parallel of origin exemple 393 Great circle and rhumb line are to the south.

Question 177-31 : A straight line on a chart 4 89 cm long represents 185 nm the scale of this chart is approximately ?

1 7 000 000

Admin .185 nm x 1 852 = 342 62 km.342 62 km x 1000 = 342 620 m.342 620 m x 100 = 34 262 000 cm.34 262 000 cm / 4 89 cm = 7 006 544 exemple 397 1: 7 000 000

Question 177-32 : At latitude 60°n the scale of a mercator projection is 1 5 000 000 the length on the chart between 'c' n60° e008° and 'd' n60° w008° is ?

17 8 cm

Admin .distance on earth = change in longitude x 60 nm x cos latitude.8°e to 8°w = 16° change.at 60°n a distance on earth of 16° of longitude is .16° x 60 x cos60° = 480 nm.480 nm = 888 9 km = 88 896 000 cm .scale = earth distance /chart distance.scale = 88 896 000 cm / 5 000 000cm = 17 78 cm exemple 401 17.8 cm.

Question 177-33 : The two standard parallels of a conical lambert projection are at n10°40' and n41°20' the cone constant of this chart is approximatively ?

0 44

Admin .constant of cone convergency factor the ratio between the top angle of the unfolded cone and 360° or sine of the parallel of origin .the parallel of origin is about half way between the standard parallels .midway between n10°40'and n41°20'is n26° .sin of 26° = 0 438 exemple 405 0.44

Question 177-34 : On a direct mercator chart meridians are ?

Parallel equally spaced vertical straight lines

Admin . 1753. direct mercator chart .on a direct mercator chart meridians are parallel equally spaced vertical straight lines. 2054.rhumb lines or loxodromes are tracks of constant true course exemple 409 Parallel, equally spaced, vertical straight lines.

Question 177-35 : On which of the following chart projections is it not possible to represent the north or south poles ?

Direct mercator

Admin . 1753. direct mercator chart .it is not possible to represent the poles on a direct mercator chart exemple 413 Direct mercator.

Question 177-36 : Which one of the following concerning great circles on a direct mercator chart is correct ?

With the exception of meridians and the equator they are curves concave to the equator

Admin . 1753. direct mercator chart . 2054.great circles are concave to the equator except meridians and the equator itself .concave or convex . 2506 exemple 417 With the exception of meridians and the equator, they are curves concave to the equator.

Question 177-37 : On a lambert conformal conic chart the distance between parallels of latitude spaced the same number of degrees apart ?

Is smaller between the standard parallels than outside them

Admin .the lambert conformal is what most of today's aeronautical charts are based on . 1776.the parallel of origin is midway between the two standard parallels where the scale will be smallest exemple 421 Is smaller between the standard parallels than outside them.

Question 177-38 : Which one of the following statements is correct concerning the appearance of great circles with the exception of meridians on a polar stereographic chart whose tangency is at the pole ?

The higher the latitude the closer they approximate to a straight line

Admin . 2508 exemple 425 The higher the latitude the closer they approximate to a straight line.

Question 177-39 : Which one of the following describes the appearance of rhumb lines except meridians on a polar stereographic chart ?

Curves concave to the pole

Admin . 1777. 2506

Question 177-40 : What is the value of the convergence factor on a polar stereographic chart ?

1

Admin .on a polar stereographic chart .convergency = change of longitude exemple 433 1.


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