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Question 178-1 : The presence of ice pellets at the surface is the evidence that ? [ Practice protocol ]

Temperatures are above freezing at some higher altitudes.

exemple 278 Temperatures are above freezing at some higher altitudes.

Question 178-2 : At the surface the lifetime of a typical microburst and the diameter of the area affected by damaging winds are in the order of ?

1 5 minutes and 4 km.

.a microburst/downburst is a localized area of damaging winds caused by air rapidly flowing down and out of a thunderstorm. a microburst occurs when cold air high in a thunderstorm descends and accelerates. as the stream of cold air reaches the ground, it spreads out and can accelerate even further. exemple 282 1-5 minutes and 4 km.

Question 178-3 : In mature cb's the probability of severe icing, according to meteorological rules, is greatest in the following temperature range ?

0°c to 23°c.

exemple 286 0°c to -23°c.

Question 178-4 : In which environment is aircraft structural ice most likely to have the highest accumulation rate ?

Freezing rain.

exemple 290 Freezing rain.

Question 178-5 : An aircraft descends in layered clouds, the freezing level is situated at fl 60..at what levels is the probability for airframe icing the highest ?

Between fl 120 and fl 60.

.the probability for airframe icing is the highest for temperatures just below 0°c. if the freezing level is at fl60, from fl60 to fl120 the temperature decreases from 0°c to 12°c. exemple 294 Between fl 120 and fl 60.

Question 178-6 : According to icao, which symbol indicates danger to an aircraft flying according to instrument flight rules ifr . 363 ?

Symbol 2.

. 629.drizzle, widespread mist and rain are not considered as danger. exemple 298 Symbol 2.

Question 178-7 : In which of the following situations is the probability for severe thunderstorms the highest ?

Advection of maritime cold air over a warm sea surface.

.maritime cold air means 'moist air'. over a warm surface, this cold air will be heated by convection, lower layer will rise and increase instability. this will lead to the formation of cumulonimbus with possible severe thunderstorms. exemple 302 Advection of maritime cold air over a warm sea surface.

Question 178-8 : In which of these cloud types can icing be virtually ruled out ?

Cs

exemple 306 Cs

Question 178-9 : According to icao, which symbol indicates danger to an aircraft flying according to instrument flight rules ifr . 371 ?

Symbol 3.

. 629 exemple 310 Symbol 3.

Question 178-10 : In which conditions would you most likely encounter clear icing, and how would it normally appear ?

Cumuliform clouds, large water droplets, temperatures between 0°c and 15°c. appears smooth and tends to spread back over an aircraft wing.

exemple 314 Cumuliform clouds, large water droplets, temperatures between 0°c and -15°c. appears smooth and tends to spread back over an aircraft wing.

Question 178-11 : A cb with thunderstorm has reached the mature stage. which statement is correct ?

In temperatures lower than 23°c icing is still possible.

Initial stage updrafts.mature stage updrafts and downdrafts.dissipating stage downdrafts...hail can occur in downdrafts and updrafts...you will have severe turbulence in the cloud and below...the freezing level remains almost the same in an outside the cloud...with temperatures lower than 23°c icing is still possible since some lifted water droplets are at positive temperatures. exemple 318 In temperatures lower than -23°c icing is still possible.

Question 178-12 : Which of the following statements is true with regard to mountain waves ?

Flight with headwind toward high ground is likely to be more hazardous than flight with tailwind toward high ground.

. 634.headwind implies that you are flying towards the ridge, and while approaching the ridge, you are most likely to encounter violent downdraught and rotors. exemple 322 Flight with headwind toward high ground is likely to be more hazardous than flight with tailwind toward high ground.

Question 178-13 : The correct statement is ?

Airframe icing can occur in clear air.

.light airframe icing can occur in clean air..haze is a reduction of visibility due to the presence of dust particles..rotor clouds depend on mountain waves intensity and moisture of the air mass..some cb can extend above the tropopause, thus you can encounter turbulence above them. exemple 326 Airframe icing can occur in clear air.

Question 178-14 : Flight from bordeaux to amsterdam, eta 2100 utc. what is the minimum visibility forecast for eta amsterdam.taf eham 281500z 281601 14010kt 6000 ra sct025 becmg 1618 12015g25kt sct008 bkn013 tempo 1823 3000 ra bkn005 ovc010 becmg 2301 25020kt 8000 nsw bkn020 = ?

3 km.

exemple 330 3 km.

Question 178-15 : What are the conditions required for the formation of hoar frost ?

The temperature of the surface is lower than the dew point of the air and the dew point is lower than 0°c.

.when the surface temperature is lower than the dew point, air in contact with the surface will be saturated. since the dew point is below 0°c the water vapour will skip the liquid stage and form ice crystals on the cold surface which is called hoar frost. exemple 334 The temperature of the surface is lower than the dew point of the air and the dew point is lower than 0°c.

Question 178-16 : Imagine an airfield during summer with sunny days and clear nights and with a runway parallel to the shoreline of a large inland lake 5 nautical miles away from the field..a small aircraft heading for the airfield in the afternoon experiences wind shear during approach and a cross wind component ?

A strong sea breeze blowing more or less perpendicular to the runway.

exemple 338 A strong sea breeze blowing more or less perpendicular to the runway.

Question 178-17 : Which of the following situations favours the formation of heavy thunderstorms ?

A cold front approaching a mountain range in the evening.

Cqb15 august 2011. exemple 342 A cold front approaching a mountain range in the evening.

Question 178-18 : The wind at 500ft above ground is 290/15kt and at the same position at 600ft above ground 300/22kt..how is this wind situation called ?

Moderate vertical wind shear.

Cqb15 august 2011. exemple 346 Moderate vertical wind shear.

Question 178-19 : Imagine an aircraft during approach to an airfield which is located in a basin within mountainous area under the influence of a blocking anticyclone in winter. the most correct statement given below is ?

While approaching the airfield in the early morning, after a short period of bumpiness the engines of the aircraft will deliver more thrust after breaking through the inversion layer if the pilot does not intervene.

Cqb15 august 2011. exemple 350 While approaching the airfield in the early morning, after a short period of bumpiness the engines of the aircraft will deliver more thrust after breaking through the inversion layer if the pilot does not intervene.

Question 178-20 : Mark the statement most reasonable regarding a valley inversion ?

Over night, cool dense air as a result of radiation cooling will descend along the mountain slopes into the basin and lead to the development of a valley inversion.

Cqb15 september 2011 exemple 354 Over night, cool dense air as a result of radiation cooling will descend along the mountain slopes into the basin and lead to the development of a valley inversion.

Question 178-21 : Which of the following statements is correct concerning the weather in a warm sector ?

Isolated thunderstorms are sometimes possible over continental areas during the summer.

Cqb 15, october 2011. exemple 358 Isolated thunderstorms are sometimes possible over continental areas during the summer.

Question 178-22 : With which meteorological phenomena are wind shear conditions mostly associated ?

Gust fronts, low level temperature inversions, frontal surfaces.

Cqb 15, october 2011. exemple 362 Gust fronts, low level temperature inversions, frontal surfaces.

Question 178-23 : In winter, after breaking through a low level inversion during descent and assuming the pilot does not intervene ?

Thrust most likely will increase and visibility is likely to deteriorate.

.usually, when you descend, your oat outside air temperature is increasing. but when you descend into an inversion layer, your oat will start to decrease instead of increasing. you would expect an increase in thrust. exemple 366 Thrust most likely will increase and visibility is likely to deteriorate.

Question 178-24 : The presence of ice pellets at the surface is the evidence that ?

Temperatures are above freezing at some higher altitudes.

exemple 370 Temperatures are above freezing at some higher altitudes.

Question 178-25 : Mark the correct statement concerning lightning discharge ?

While flying through air that is electrically charged the aircraft is likely to become a charge carrier itself and can initiate a lightning discharge.

exemple 374 While flying through air that is electrically charged the aircraft is likely to become a charge carrier itself and can initiate a lightning discharge.

Question 178-26 : Most tornadoes have a life span that lasts for ?

A few minutes up to 30 minutes.

exemple 378 A few minutes up to 30 minutes.

Question 178-27 : During an ils approach on rwy 33, a northwesterly wind is blowing parallel to the runway. its speed is increasing rapidly with height while its change in direction is negligible..what has the pilot to be aware of with respect to wind shear and glide path no autopilot engaged ?

Without the pilot's intervention, the aircraft is likely to fly below the designated glide path with increasing deviation from it.

.the wind is blowing parallel to the runway, it's a headwind..you are descending into an increasing headwind wind shear and with constant aispeed and angle of attack, this will give a decreasing ground speed. you normally have to decrease the rate of descent in order to maintain the glide slope, but without intervention, you will maintain a rate of descent for a higher ground speed, this will result to fly below the designated glide path, with increasing deviation from it since the question states is increasing rapidly with height...take care not to understand an increase of wind with an increase of altitude, we are talking about wind shear, not a standard atmosphere wind. exemple 382 Without the pilot's intervention, the aircraft is likely to fly below the designated glide path with increasing deviation from it.

Question 178-28 : Mark the correct statement concerning the flight through an inversion caused by subsidence ?

During climb, the reduced air density above the inversion layer will cause a certain decrease in the aircraft performance ie lift and thrust and the pilot will experience a sudden improvement of visibility.

Rencag.temperature falls above the inversion layer so density should increase, isn't it...the question states flight through an inversion , not above the inversion layer..below the inversion layer air temperature decreases with height , inside the inversion air temperature increases with height. exemple 386 During climb, the reduced air density above the inversion layer will cause a certain decrease in the aircraft performance (ie: lift and thrust) and the pilot will experience a sudden improvement of visibility.

Question 178-29 : Clouds will mainly consist of supercooled water droplets when the temperature is ?

Between 0°c and 15°c.

exemple 390 Between 0°c and -15°c.

Question 178-30 : A stormscope is ?

An instrument on board an aircraft to detect electrical discharges.

A stormscope is basically a lightning detector. exemple 394 An instrument on board an aircraft to detect electrical discharges.

Question 178-31 : Most tornadoes have a speed of movement that usually ranges from ?

20 to 40 knots.

Take care the question is about the tornadoes forward motion, not the wind speed inside the tornadoes..tornado paths range from 100 m to 1.5 km wide and are rarely more than 12 nm long..they can last from several seconds to more than an hour, however, most don't exceed 10 minutes..most tornadoes travel with an average speed of 30 kt, but the speed has been observed to range from almost no motion to 60 kt. exemple 398 20 to 40 knots.

Question 178-32 : Which of the following statements regarding the development of valley inversions is correct ?

Valley inversions often are a result of radiation cooling in combination with gravity, both affecting the air at the surface of a mountain slope.

Over night, cool dense air as a result of radiation cooling will descend by gravity along the mountain slopes into the basin and lead to the development of a valley inversion. exemple 402 Valley inversions often are a result of radiation cooling in combination with gravity, both affecting the air at the surface of a mountain slope.

Question 178-33 : During the preparation for approach to zurich airport 1416 ft/amsl a pilot hears the following message on the atis 'inversion warning. inversion of 12°c between 1900 ft and 2300 ft altitude'..this message indicates that the pilot should be prepared ?

For wind shear just above the inversion.

Low level temperature inversion can be a safety hazard. it can be a significant factor in affecting take off or landing performance, information regarding low level temperature inversions should be provided as soon as possible... 646.an inversion will promote vertical wind shear. exemple 406 For wind shear just above the inversion.

Question 178-34 : When flying in mountainous terrain and assuming isa temperatures and strong winds, which of the following is correct ?

In case of venturi effect, the actual altitude of the aircraft is lower than the indicated altitude.

With strong winds, the mountainous terrain will acts like a wing.you will have a reduced pressure over a hill it acts like a cambered aerofoil in case of venturi effect..in this area of reduced pressure, the altimeter will over read it sence a lower pressure, it reads a higher altitude than it should... 641.venturi effect static pressure decreased compared to original. exemple 410 In case of venturi effect, the actual altitude of the aircraft is lower than the indicated altitude.

Question 178-35 : What degree of aircraft icing is determined by the following icao description.'conditions in which change of heading and/or altitude may be considered desirable'. ?

Moderate.

exemple 414 Moderate.

Question 178-36 : Two aircraft are flying simultaneously in level flight at different flight levels on opposite tracks overhead a given position..aircraft a flying at fl 070 experiences a 30 kt headwind..aircraft b flying at fl 060 experiences a 20 kt headwind.none of the aircraft experiences cross wind. this wind ?

Vertical wind shear only.

. 643.vertical shear is the change of winds with height. exemple 418 Vertical wind shear only.

Question 178-37 : What is the best way in dealing with thunderstorms associated with a cold front ?

Avoidance of embedded cbs by using airborne weather radar.

Ecqb01 june 2013 exemple 422 Avoidance of embedded cbs by using airborne weather radar.

Question 178-38 : Orographic thunderstorms may occur ?

At any time during day and night.

Ecqb01 june 2013 exemple 426 At any time during day and night.

Question 178-39 : During flight the headwind increases suddenly due to wind shear. what initial effect does that have on true airspeed ?

There will be a sudden temporary increase in true air speed.

Easa 2014 exemple 430 There will be a sudden temporary increase in true air speed.

Question 178-40 : During an ils approach on rwy 33, a northwesterly wind is blowing parallel to the runway. its speed is decreasing rapidly with height while its change in direction is negligible. what has the pilot to be aware of with respect to wind shear and glide path no autopilot engaged ?

Without the pilot's intervention, the aircraft is likely to fly above the designated glide path with increasing deviation from it.

.take care this question is the opposite to an other one which states its speed is increasing rapidly with height...the wind is blowing parallel to the runway, it's a headwind..you are descending into a decreasing headwind wind shear and with constant aispeed and angle of attack, this will give an increasing ground speed. you normally have to increase the rate of descent in order to maintain the glide slope, but without intervention, you will maintain a rate of descent for a lower ground speed, this will result to fly above the designated glide path, with increasing deviation from it since the question states is decreasing rapidly with height. exemple 434 Without the pilot's intervention, the aircraft is likely to fly above the designated glide path with increasing deviation from it.


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