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Question 180-1 : A straight line from a 53°s 155°e to b 53°s 170°w is drawn on a lambert conformal conical chart with standard parallels at 50°s and 56°s .when passing 175°w the true track is ? [ Question security ]

078°

.draw the situtation . /com en/com061 616a jpg. /com en/com061 616b jpg.we can go for calculation .change of longitude = 35°.convergency = change longitude x sin latitude.convergency = 35° x sin 53° = 28°.departure track at a is 090° + 28° = 118°.track on arrival at b = 090° 28° = 062° .at half way between a and b track is 090° .175°w is on the last part of the flight so our true track will be less than 090° and more than 062° . special thanks to aluque for the correction exemple 280 078°.

Question 180-2 : Route a b is drawn on a polar stereographic chart with the grid aligned with the greenwich meridian the true track of the straight line at a 75°s 010°w is 080° what is the grid track when passing the meridian of 050°e ?

070° g

.at 'a' true track is 080° .convergency = change of longitude datum and 'a' meridian .convergency = 000° 010°w = 10° .convergency direction is from grid north to true north at 'a' meridian convergency direction is 10°west .convergency west = true track best .grid track = true track convergency = 080° 10°w = 070° .when passing the meridian of 050°e since the grid track is constant along the whole track the grid track remains 070° exemple 284 070°(g).

Question 180-3 : Route a b is drawn on a polar stereographic chart with the grid aligned with the greenwich meridian .the true track of the straight line at a 75°n 010°w is 080° .what is the grid track when passing the meridian 050°e ?

090° g

. /com en/com061 621 jpg.at 'a' true track is 080° .convergency = change of longitude datum and 'a' meridian .convergency = 000° 010°w = 10° .convergency direction is from grid north to true north at 'a' meridian convergency direction is 10°east .convergency east = true track least .grid track = true track + convergency = 080° + 10°e = 090° .when passing the meridian of 050°e since the grid track is constant along the whole track the grid track remains 090° exemple 288 090°(g).

Question 180-4 : A straight line from a 53°n 155°w to b 53°n 170°e is drawn on a lambert conformal conical chart with standard parallels at 50°n and 56°n .when passing the meridian 175°e the true track is ?

260°

.change of longitude between a and b is 155°w to 170°e by the oppposite greenwich meridian = 35°.rhumb line track from a to b is 270°true .difference between great circle track and rhumb line track at a specified position is called conversion angle .the value of conversion angle can be calculated as half the value of convergency and convergency = difference of longitude x sin mean latitude ..the great circle track at a is .270° + conversion angle.conversion angle = 0 5 x 35° x sin 53° = 14°.departure track great circle is 270° + 14 ° = 284°..from a to the meridian 175°e the great circle track decreases by convergency .284° difference of longitude x sin mean latitude .difference of longitude = 155°w to 175°e = 30°.284° 30° x sin53° = 284° 24° = 260° exemple 292 260°.

Question 180-5 : A route is flown from 80°s 100°w to 80°s 140°e at 160°w the grid track gt and true track tt on a polar stereographic chart with a grid orientated on the 180° meridian are respectively ?

290° g and 270° t

. /com en/com061 636 jpg. exemple 296 290°(g) and 270°(t).

Question 180-6 : Given .position ndb 55°10'n 012°55'e .dead rekoning position 54°53'n 009°58'e .ndb on the rmi reads 090°.magnetic variation = 10°w.the position line has to be plotted on a lamberts conformal chart with standard parallels at 40°n and 48°n .calculate the direction t of the bearing to be ?

262°

Admin .the rmi indicates the ndb direction we have to applie variation and convergency .bearing is measured at the aricraft since it is a ndb variation is applied at the aircraft . 090° 10° 'variation west magnetic best' .convergency = difference of longitude x sin mean latitude .between us and the ndb difference of longitude is 012°55' 009°58' = 2°57' = 2 95°.mean latitude is 40+48 /2 = 44°n .convergency = 2 95° x sin 44° = 2° .080° + 2° = 082° .the direction of the bearing to be plotted from the ndb is 082° + 180° = 262° exemple 300 262°.

Question 180-7 : An aircraft is at position 53°n 006°w and has a landmark at position 52°47'n 004°45'w with a relative bearing of 060° .given .compass heading = 051°.variation = 16°w.deviation = 2°e.what is the true bearing of the position line to be plotted from the landmark to the aircraft on a lambert ?

278°

. /com en/com061 639a jpg.true track is 037° .relative bearing of the landmark 037° + 060° = 097° .standard parallels of the chart are 37°n and 65°n the parallel of origin is . 37+65 / 2 = 51°n .convergency = change of longitude x sin parallel of origin.convergency = 006° 4 75° x sin51°.convergency = 1 25° x 0777 = 1° .true track at the aircraft position is 097° the true track at the landmark is more than 97° . /com en/com061 639b jpg.thus you must add the 1° of convergency .097° + 1° + 180° bearing from the landmark = 278° exemple 304 278°.

Question 180-8 : A vor is situated at position 74°n 094°w .local variation is 50°w .a polar stereographic chart supplied with a greenwich grid is used for navigation .to proceed along magnetic radial 238° inbound an aircraft has to follow a grid track of ?

103°

. /com en/com061 640 jpg.without calculation answer 103° appears to be the correct one .by calculation .magnetic track 238° 180° = 058°.true track 058° variation 50°w = 008° .convert magnetic track to grid track using grivation .sum of convergency and magnetic variation.sum of convergency= 94°e.magnetic variation= 50°w.94°e 50°w = 44°e.058° + 44° e = 102° exemple 308 103°.

Question 180-9 : Thule vor is located at 76°32'n 68°15'w a polar stereographic chart with the grid aligned with the greenwich meridian is to be used the local variation is 75°w which grid track must be maintained to track radial 210 m inbound ?

023° g

Schaverius .use formula for grid navigation .grid heading = true heading + west longitude or east longitude.the radial inbound r210 outbound is a magnetic heading of 030° 210 180 .subtract variation to find true .030 75 = 315° true.now apply the formula .grid = 315 + 68°15' = 23 25°grid exemple 312 023°(g)

Question 180-10 : Route a b is drawn on a southern polar stereographic chart whose grid is aligned with the greenwich meridian the true track of the straight line at a is 120° when passing the meridian of 100°e the true track is 090° the grid track of this route on the chart is ?

190° g

. /com en/com061 643 png.when passing the meridian of 100°e the true track is 090° .since the grid is aligned with the greenwich meridian 100° + 090° = 190° grid exemple 316 190°(g).

Question 180-11 : The constant of the cone in a lambert chart is 0 8666500 the angle between the north direction of the meridian in position a 65°00'n 018°00'w and the meridian of position b 75°00'n 023°00'w on the chart is ?

4 3°

Admin .change of longitude = 023° 018° = 005° .constant of the cone is 0 8666500.convergency = change of longitude x constant of the cone.convergency = 005° x 0 8666500 = 4 3° exemple 320 4.3°

Question 180-12 : Given .lambert conformal conical projection scale 1 1 234 000 standard parallels 36°n and 60°n .a 53°n 010°w b 53°n 020°w .the distance on the map between position a and position b measured along the rhumb line ?

Is less than 54 19 cm

Admin .at the exam only lambert conformal charts mathematically produced with two standard parallels will be considered .distance on earth = 10° x 60 x cos 53° = 361 nm.361 nm x 1 852 km = 668 73 km = 66 873 000 cm.scale = chart lenght/earth distance.scale = chart lenght/66 873 000 cm = 1/1 234 000.chart lenght = 66 873 000 / 1 234 000 = 54 19 cm.on a lambert conformal conic projection scale indicated on the chart will be correct at the standard parallels scale within the standard parallels differs by less than 1% from the scale stated on the chart .the parallel of origin is close to the mean latitude between the standard parallels and the scale will increase away from the parallel of origin if the scale increase to reach the scale stated on the chart it means that at the parallel of origin the scale is less than the scale stated on the chart .thus the distance on the map between position a and position b measured along the rhumb line is less than 54 19 cm exemple 324 Is less than 54.19 cm.

Question 180-13 : Two places are situated on the same parallel in the southern hemisphere the great circle rhumb line and the straight line between these places are drawn on a polar stereographic projection .which statement is correct ?

The great circle is situated between the parallel and the straight line because the concave side of the great circle is always pointed towards the pole

Admin . 1777 exemple 328 The great circle is situated between the parallel and the straight line, because the concave side of the great circle is always pointed towards the pole.

Question 180-14 : From rakovnik 50° 05 9' n 013° 41 5' e to frankfurt ffm 50° 05 9' n 008° 38 3' e the true track of departure along the straight line is 272 0° .the constant of the cone of this lambert conformal projection is ?

0 79

.chart convergency = difference of longitude x constant of cone .difference of longitude = rakovnik 013° 41 5' e and frankfurt 008° 38 3' e = 005° 3 2'.the rhumb line track between rakovnik and frankfurt is 270° both are located 50° 05 9' n .difference between great circle track and rhumb line track at a specified position is called conversion angle 272° 270° = 2° .conversion angle = 1/2 x difference of longitude x sin mean latitude .conversion angle = 1/2 x convergency.2° = 1/2 x convergency.convergency = 4° .chart convergency = difference of longitude x constant of cone.4° = 005° 3 2' x constant of cone.constant of cone = 4° / 005°053 = 0 79 exemple 332 0.79

Question 180-15 : An aeronautical chart is conformal when ?

At any point the scale over a short distance in the direction of the parallel is equal to the scale in the direction of the meridian and the meridians are perpendicular to the parallels

exemple 336 At any point the scale over a short distance in the direction of the parallel is equal to the scale in the direction of the meridian and the meridians are perpendicular to the parallels.

Question 180-16 : Which statement is true about the parallel of origin of a conformal chart ?

The parallel of origin is the parallel at which the scale reaches its minimum value

Admin .the lambert conformal is what most of today's aeronautical charts are based on . 1776.the parallel of origin is midway between the two standard parallels where the scale will be smallest exemple 340 The parallel of origin is the parallel at which the scale reaches its minimum value.

Question 180-17 : A lambert conformal conic chart whose two standard parallels 54°n and 59°n is used for navigation .straight line from a 53°n 165°e to b 58°n 154°e is drawn on the chart .the true course of the straight line track drawn on this chart at a is 301° .the true course of the straight line track ?

292°

Admin .constant of cone convergency factor the ratio between the top angle of the unfolded cone and 360° or sine of the parallel of origin .mean latitude = 54+59 /2 = 56 5°.constant of cone = sin56 5° = 0 834.now .165 154 = 11° difference of longitude between a and b .11° x 0 834 = 9°.301° 9° = 292° .'minus' 9 since we are heading west exemple 344 292°.

Question 180-18 : Correct statement about a polar stereographic chart is ?

The closer the pole the higher straight line chart approximates the great circle

exemple 348 The closer the pole the higher straight line chart approximates the great circle.

Question 180-19 : Levels curve on a hypsometric chart refer to ?

Altitude

Admin .a hypsometric chart is a map having contour lines through points of equal elevation . /com en/com061 707 jpg.usually hypsometric map shows elevation by means of shading and tinting exemple 352 Altitude.

Question 180-20 : On a lambert conformal projection the scale at a point at 60°n in the direction of true.north is 1 1 000 000 .what is the scale at the same point in an easterly direction ?

1 1 000 000

exemple 356 1:1.000.000.

Question 180-21 : It can be stated concerning a mercator chart ?

It is a designated as cylindrical projection but it is in fact mathematically produced

exemple 360 It is a designated as cylindrical projection but it is, in fact, mathematically produced.

Question 180-22 : A chart with a small scale is a chart that cover ?

Big areas and does not show many details

Admin .small scale = small detail .the scale of a chart refers to a measurement of area not distance a chart covering a relatively large area is called a small scale chart eg 1 1 000 000 exemple 364 Big areas and does not show many details.

Question 180-23 : A chart with a large scale is a chart that cover ?

Small areas and shown a lot of details

.large scale = large detail .the scale of a chart refers to a measurement of area not distance a chart covering a relatively large area is called a large scale chart eg 1 10 000 exemple 368 Small areas and shown a lot of details.

Question 180-24 : For navigation a polar stereographic chart is used .the straight line between a 75°00' 0s 166°00' 0e and b 78°00' 0s 154°00' 0e is drawn in this chart the true track angle of the rhumbline is 223° .calculate the direction °t of the straight line in position b ?

229°

exemple 372 229°.

Question 180-25 : For navigation a polar stereographic chart is used .the straight line between a 75°00' 0n 166°00' 0e and b 78°00' 0n 154°00' 0e is drawn in this chart .the true track angle of the rhumbline in b is 317° .calculate the direction °t of the straight line in position b ?

311°

exemple 376 311°.

Question 180-26 : Two positions at the same latitude are plotted on an aeronautical chart and the meridians at these two positions converge by 30° .given this convergence the true ?

Great circle route between these two positions will vary by 30°

exemple 380 Great circle route between these two positions will vary by 30°.

Question 180-27 : Why can parallels be considered as special loxodromies ?

They intersect all meridians at an angle of 90°

exemple 384 They intersect all meridians at an angle of 90°.

Question 180-28 : What is the radial and dme distance from bel vor/dme n5439 7 w00613 8 to position n5500 w00700 . err a 061 243 ?

315° 34 nm

Img /com en/com061 243 jpg.use the magnetic tick and center your protractor you read 315° .use the scale to find a distance of 34 nm exemple 388 315° - 34 nm.

Question 180-29 : What is the average track °m and distance between crk vor n5150 4 w00829 7 and crn ndb n5318 1 w00856 5 . err a 061 245 ?

357° 89 nm

Img /com en/com061 245 jpg.use the magnetic north pointer at shannon center your protractor and read an average magnetic track of 357° .use the scale to find the distance we find a distance of 90 nm but it might come from the chart quality .for information 349° is the average true track exemple 392 357° - 89 nm.

Question 180-30 : What is the average track °m and distance between wtd ndb n5211 3 w00705 0 and bal vor n5318 0 w00626 9 . err a 061 247 ?

026° 71 nm

exemple 396 026° - 71 nm.

Question 180-31 : What is the average track °m and distance between bal vor n5318 0 w00626 9 and slg ndb n5416 7 w00836 0 . err a 061 249 ?

316° 96 nm

Img /com en/com061 249a jpg.use the scale to find the distance 96 nm . /com en/com061 249b jpg.magnetic north is indicated over vors and ndbs report the magnetic north tick center your protractor you read an average magnetic track of 316° exemple 400 316° - 96 nm

Question 180-32 : What is the radial and dme distance from crk vor/dme n5150 4 w00829 7 to position n5210 w00920 . err a 061 403 ?

311° 38 nm

exemple 404 311° - 38 nm

Question 180-33 : What is the radial and dme distance from crk vor/dme n5150 4 w00829 7 to position n5140 w00730 . err a 061 405 ?

113° 38 nm

. /com en/com061 405 jpg. exemple 408 113° - 38 nm

Question 180-34 : What is the radial and dme distance from sha vor/dme n5243 3 w00853 1 to position n5310 w00830 . err a 061 407 ?

035° 30 nm

. /com en/com061 407 jpg. exemple 412 035° - 30 nm.

Question 180-35 : What is the radial and dme distance from sha vor/dme n5243 3 w00853 1 to position n5210 w00920 . err a 061 409 ?

214° 37 nm

. /com en/com061 409 jpg. exemple 416 214° - 37 nm.

Question 180-36 : What is the radial and dme distance from con vor/dme n5354 8 w00849 1 to position n5400 w00800 . err a 061 411 ?

088° 29 nm

. /com en/com061 411 jpg. exemple 420 088° - 29 nm.

Question 180-37 : What is the radial and dme distance from con vor/dme n5354 8 w00849 1 to position n5330 w00930 . err a 061 413 ?

233° 35 nm

. /com en/com061 413 jpg. exemple 424 233° - 35 nm.

Question 180-38 : What is the average track °t and distance between con vor n5354 8 w00849 1 and bel vor n5439 7 w00613 8 . err a 061 415 ?

063° 101 nm

.report the true north tick center your protractor you read an average true track of 063° . /com en/com061 415 png.use the scale to find the distance 101 nm exemple 428 063° - 101 nm.

Question 180-39 : What is the average track °t and distance between wtd ndb n5211 3 w00705 0 and foy ndb n5234 0 w00911 7 . err a 061 417 ?

286° 81 nm

.report the true north tick center your protractor you read an average true track of 286° . /com en/com061 417 jpg.use the scale to find the distance 81 nm exemple 432 286° - 81 nm

Question 180-40 : What is the average track °t and distance between sha vor n5243 3 w00853 1 and con vor n5354 8 w00849 1 . err a 061 419 ?

002° 72 nm

.report the true north tick center your protractor you read an average true track of 002° . /com en/com061 419 jpg.use the scale to find the distance 72 nm exemple 436 002° - 72 nm


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