Question 184-1 : What is the longitude of a position 6 nm to the east of 58°42'n 094°00'w ? [ Question security ]

Question 184-2 : The great circle distance between position a 59°341'n 008°084'e and b 30°259'n 171°516'w is ?

5 400 nm.

The shortest route is right over the north pole distance = differences in the latitudes 90° 60°n exactly 59°341'n = 30°90° 30°n exactly 30°259'n = 60°total 90°90° x 60 nm = 5400 nm

Question 184-3 : Given position a 45°n °e position b 45°n 45°15'e distance a b = 280 nm b is to the east of arequired longitude of position a ?

38°39'e.

Question 184-4 : 265 us gal equals specific gravity 080 ?

803 kg.

1 usg = 379 litres265 x 3785 = 1004 litres1004 x 08 = 803 kg

Question 184-5 : On the 27th of february at 52°s and 040°e the sunrise is at 0243 utc on the same day at 52°s and 035°w the sunrise is at ?

0743 utc.

The earth moves around the sun at a rate of 4 minutes per degree of longitude 15°h latitude remains the same only the longitude changes 040°e to 035°w = 75°75° and 4 minutes per degree = 5hthe sunrise is at 0743 utc 02h43 + 5h at longitude 35°w dalton utc is utc everywhere sorry but the good answer is 0243 utc so the sun rises everywhere on earth at the same utc hour at 0243 utc caestudent109 the utc is the same everywhere around the earth the good answer is 0243 utc example it is 8 o'clock utc and the sun is rising at londondoes the sun rise at 08h00 utc at new york cesarmachado are right as usual utc it's used to give a common time but it is only the same as local time at prime meridian anywhere else will give different utc for the same local time over greenwich at 1000 utc will be 1000 lt but over new york the same 1000 utc will be utc 4 hours so 0600 lt if the sun rises everywhere at 0600 will be in ny at 1000 utc and in london at 0600 utc

Question 184-6 : The rhumb line distance between points a 60°00'n 002°30'e and b 60°00'n 007°30'w is ?

300 nm.

Between 002°30 east and 007°30 west there is 10° difference of longitudedistance = difference of longitude x 60 nm x cos latitude10° x 60 nm x cos 60 = 300 nm

Question 184-7 : An aircraft is flying a great circle orthodromic route between two points wpt 1 60°n 030°w wpt 2 60°n 020°w what will be the approximate latitude at longitude 025°w ?

60°057'n.

The great circle track is on the pole side of the rhumb line 60°n then at 025°w your northerly latitude will be more than 60°nf = &d 230f= greatest vertical distance in nm between ortho & loxo route this is what we are looking for & = givry correction = 12 g sin lm ==>1210sin 60 = 433°d = 10 x 60 x cos60 = 300 nmf = 433 x 300 230 = 564' 1403the aeroplane is flying a great circle orthodromic route = shortest distanceto memorisevisualise the relative position of orthodrome route vs loxodrome route loxodrome route= following a parallel or flying a constant latitude remember the acronym 'p o l e'p = north or south pole o= orthodrome l= loxodrome e= equator

Question 184-8 : An aircraft travels from point a to point b flying a great circle routethe coordinates of a is 45°s 010°w and b is 45°s 030°wthe true course of the aircraft on its arrival at b to the nearest degree is ?

277°.

Flying a great circle route = orthodromic route = shortest distanceloxodrome route= following a parallel or flying a constant latitude 1405conversion angle = 12 g sin lmg change of longitude 20° lm = mean latitude 45° conversion angle = 12 x 20° x sin45°conversion angle =7°the true course of the aircraft on its arrival at b = 270° + 7° = 277°

Question 184-9 : Which is the highest latitude listed below at which the sun will rise above the horizon and set every day ?

62°.

The times for sunrise and sunset are based on the ideal situation where no hills or mountains obscure the view and the flat horizon is at the same altitude as the observer sunrise is the time when the upper part of the sun is visible and sunset is when the last part of the sun is about to disappear below the horizon in clear weather conditions for locations north of 66°34' n or south of 66°34' s latitude the sun will be above the horizon all day in the summer and below the horizon all day in the winterthe sun will be seen to rise and set every day up to 62°

Question 184-10 : The utc of sunrise on 6 december at winnipeg canada 49°50'n 097°30'w is 2471 ?

14 13.

On the almanac at position 50°n close to 49°50'n we can read that sunrise is at 07 40 december 4th and at 07 43 on december 7thfor december 6th sunrise will be at 07 42 local time at winnipegnow we must convert local time to utc the conversion factor between lmt and utc is arc change of longitude converted to timechange of longitude = 097°30'097°30' x 4 minutes per degree = 6 307 43 + 6 30 = 14 13

Question 184-11 : When it is 1000 standard time in kuwait the standard time in algeria is 2472 ?

08 00.

On the almanach you can read on top 'the time given should be > substracted from standard time to give utc '10 00 3 = 07 00 utc in kuwait'the time given should be > added to utc to give standard time '07 00 utc +1 = 08 00 st in algeria

Question 184-12 : The value of magnetic variation ?

Has a maximum of 180°.

The minimum magnetic variation declination is 0° the maximum magnetic variation declination is 180°and this will be along a line between the magnetic north pole and the geographic north pole 1417

Question 184-13 : The horizontal component of the earth's magnetic field ?

Is stronger closer to the magnetic equator.

Question 184-14 : When it is 0600 standard time in queensland australia the standard time in hawaii usa is 2473 ?

10 00.

It is 0600 standard time in queensland first page list i places fast on utc austrialia+queensland = 10 hthey state the times given below should be substractd from standard time to give ut 06h00 10h = 20h00 utc the previous day standard time in hawaii 20h00 utc refer to list iii places slow on ut united sates of america+hawaii 10 hthey state the times given below should be substraced from ut to give standard time 20h00 utc 10 h = 10h00

Question 184-15 : The circumference of the earth is approximately ?

21600 nm.

360° x 60 nm = 21600 nm

Question 184-16 : Isogonic lines connect positions that have ?

The same variation.

1425isogonic lines connect positions that have the same variationagonic line a line which joins all points where the value of magnetic variation is zero

Question 184-17 : The local mean time at longitude 095°20'w at 0000 utc is ?

17h38 40 previous day.

The greenwich meridian is selected as standard meridian lmt local mean time at the greenwich meridian is equal to greenwich mean time gmt at 00h00 utc it's midnight at the greenwich meridianon earth we have 24 timezones so 360°24h = 15°heach timezone equals 15° on earth's surfaceif we move west ot the greenwich meridian we 'come back' as we move of 953° thus 953°15 = 63533 h 6h21min 20 sec 6h21 20 sec before midnight it is 17h 38 40 the previous day

Question 184-18 : 5h 20min 20sec corresponds to a longitude difference of ?

80°05'.

5h 20min 20sec = 5 x 60 + 203 = 3203 mineach degree of longitude is equivalent to four minutes in time or 1h = 15° 3203 min = 32024° = 80075' 80°05'

Question 184-19 : What is the value of the magnetic dip at the magnetic south pole ?

90°.

Magnetic dip is the angle between the horizontal and vertical forces acting on a compass needle toward the nearer pole 1430at the magnetic poles the earth's magnetic field is perpendicular to the earth's surface magnetic dip is 90° at the magnetic poles a dip needle stands vertical

Question 184-20 : What is the meaning of the term standard time ?

It is the time set by the legal authorities for a country or part of a country.

Question 184-21 : What is the local mean time position 65°25'n 123°45'w at 2200 utc ?

1345.

12375' x 4 minutes per degree = 495 minutes495 minutes = 8h15west of greenwich we substract 8h15 to 22h00 = 13h45

Question 184-22 : The main reason that day and night throughout the year have different duration is due to the ?

Inclination of the ecliptic to the equator.

Question 184-23 : The lines on the earth's surface that join points of equal magnetic variation are called ?

Isogonals.

1425isogonic lines connect positions that have the same variationagonic line a line which joins all points where the value of magnetic variation is zero

Question 184-24 : An aircraft departing a n40°00' e080°00' flies a constant true track of 270° at a ground speed of 120 kt what are the coordinates of the position reached in 6 hours ?

N40°00' e064°20'.

6h x 120 kt = 720 nm720 cos mean latitude = 720 cos40° = 940940 60 = 1566 15°39' from longitude e080°00' flying west e080°00' 15°39' = e64°21'

Question 184-25 : A nautical mile is equivalent to ?

1852 m.

Question 184-26 : An aircraft flies the following rhumb line tracks and distances from position 04°00'n 030°00'w 600 nm south then 600 nm east then 600 nm north then 600 nm west the final position of the aircraft is ?

04°00'n 029°58'w.

The aircraft flies 600 nm 60060 = 10° south from position 04°00'n 030°00'w it is now at 06°00's 030°00'wthe aircraft flies 600 nm east from position 06°00's 030°00'w it is now at 10°cos6 around 10°03' east at 06°00's 019°57'wthe aircraft flies 600 nm north from position 06°00's 019°57'w it is now 10° north at 04°00'n 019°57'wthe aircraft flies 600 nm west from position 04°00'n 019°57'w it is now at 10°cos4 around 10°01' west at 04°00'n 029°58'w

Question 184-27 : What is the final position after the following rhumb line tracks and distances have been followed from position 60°00'n 030°00'w south for 3600 nm east for 3600 nm north for 3600 nm west for 3600 nm the final position of the aircraft is ?

60°00'n 090°00'w.

The aircraft flies 3600 nm 360060 = 60° south from position 60°00'n 030°00'w it is now at 00°00'ns 030°00'wthe aircraft flies 3600 nm east from position 00°00'ns 030°00'w it is now at 60°cos0 around 60° east at 00°00'ns 030°00'ethe aircraft flies 3600 nm north from position 00°00'ns 030°00'e it is now 60° north at 60°00'n 030°00'ethe aircraft flies 3600 nm west from position 60°00'n 030°00'e it is now at 60°cos 60 around 120° west at 60°00'n 090°00'w

Question 184-28 : Complete the following statement regarding magnetic variation the charted values of magnetic variation on earth normally change annually due to ?

Magnetic pole movement causing numerical values at all locations to increase or decrease.

Question 184-29 : In which two months of the year is the difference between the transit of the apparent sun and mean sun across the greenwich meridian the greatest ?

February and november.

Apparent solar time or true solar time is given by the daily apparent motion of the true or observed sun it is based on the apparent solar day which is the interval between two successive returns of the sun to the local meridianmean solar time conceptually is the hour angle of the fictitious mean sun the duration of daylight varies during the year the length of a mean solar day is nearly constant unlike that of an apparent solar day true solar time duration is between 23 h 59 min 39 s et 24 h 0 min 30 s because many of these long or short days occur in succession the difference builds up so that mean time is greater than apparent time by about 16 minutes in february and mean time is less than apparent time by about 16 minutes in november 2474the difference between the transit of the apparent sun and mean sun across the greenwich meridian is the greatest in february and november

Question 184-30 : What is the highest latitude listed below at which the sun will reach an altitude of 90° above the horizon at some time during the year ?

23°.

The axis of the earth is tilted 235° degrees from 'vertical' this causes the northern hemisphere to be tilted toward the sun during half the year and tilted away from the sun the other half of the year 2475the sun is vertical perpendicular to the surface or as states an altitude of 90° above the horizon at 235°s and 235°n for solstices

Question 184-31 : Assuming mid latitudes 40° to 50°ns at which time of year is the relationship between the length of day and night as well as the rate of change of declination of the sun changing at the greatest rate ?

Spring equinox and autumn equinox.

2476the length of daylightnight at a given latitude varies with the declination of the sun and the greatest rate of change of declination is when the sun is crossing the equator at the spring and autumn equinox the rate of change of the length of daylight will therefore be greatest when the rate of change of declination is greatest

Question 184-32 : At what approximate date is the earth closest to the sun perihelion ?

Beginning of january.

2477

Question 184-33 : At what approximate date is the earth furthest from the sun aphelion ?

Beginning of july.

2477the aphelion is the point in the orbit of a planet or comet where it is farthest from the sun

Question 184-34 : An aircraft at position 60°n 005°w tracks 090° t for 315 km on completion of the flight the longitude will be ?

000°40'e.

315 km = 170 nm170 cos 60 = 340'340' = 5° 40'60°n 005°w 5° 40' = 60°n 000°40'e

Question 184-35 : The 'departure' between positions 60°n 160°e and 60°n 'x' is 900 nm what is the longitude of 'x' ?

170°w.

Distance = change in longitude x cos latitude900 nm = change in longitude x cos 60therefore change in longitude = 900 05change in longitude = 1800'1800' 60' = 30°if position 'x' is west 160°e 30° = 130°if position 'x' is east 160°e + 30° = 170°w

Question 184-36 : An aircraft at latitude 02°20'n tracks 180° t for 685 km on completion of the flight the latitude will be ?

03°50's.

On a meridian 1° = 60 nmwe are heading south 685 km 1852 = 370 nm370 60 = 616°016° x 60 = 10' exactly 96 min 02°20'n 6°10' = 03°50's 2478

Question 184-37 : An aircraft at latitude 10° south flies north at a gs of 890 kmh what will its latitude be after 15h ?

02°00'n.

1° of longitude = 60 nmground speed is 890 kmh or 890 1852 = 480 kt480 x 15h = 720 nm travelled72060 = 12°you are 10° south of the equator you are travelling north you will reach the equator after 10° you are now in northern hemisphere and you travel another 2° to arrive at 02°00'n

Question 184-38 : An aircraft at latitude 10°north flies south at a groundspeed of 445 kmh what will be its latitude after 3 h ?

02°00's.

1° of longitude = 60 nmground speed is 445 kmh or 445 1852 = 240 kt240 x 3h = 720 nm travelled72060 = 12°you are 10° north of the equator you are travelling south you will reach the equator after 10° you are now in southern hemisphere and you travel another 2° to arrive at 02°00's

Question 184-39 : An aircraft is flying in the shortest possible way between point 1 and 2 and between point 2 and 3 point 1 60°n 30°wpoint 2 60°n 20°wpoint 3 60°n 10°wthe track change when passing point 2 will be approximately ?

9°.

The aircraft follows a great circle track which is on the polar side of the rhumb line trackgivry correction = 12 x 10° x sin60° = 433east track depart point 1 on heading 090° 433 = 8567°at halfway between point 1 and point 2 8567 + 433 = 090°arriving point 2 on heading 90° + 433 = 9433°crossing point 2 on course to point 3 we perform the same heading change when we have left point 1the track change when passing point 2 will be approximately 9433° 8567 = 866° minus 9° changes 1418

Question 184-40 : At the magnetic equator when accelerating after take off on heading west a direct reading pivot suspended compass ?

Indicates the correct heading.

Magnetic dip is the angle between the horizontal and vertical forces acting on a compass needle toward the nearer pole 1430a direct reading compass has a pivoted magnet that is free to aligne itself with the horizontal component of the earth's magnetic field 1945the compass is pendulous and symmetrical and will sit level if there is no magnetic field or if the field is horizontal with no vertical component of the earth's magnetic force as on the magnetic equatorin fact the pendulosity helps to counteract the effect of dip trying to keep the compass card levelbut because the cg is under the pivot point accelerating makes the bulk of the compass lag behind the machine and displace the cg aft of the pivot point if you were just going north or south all you would get is extra dip but if you are going east or west the north bit of the compass is pointing to the side of the aircraft and the displaced cg not being vertically in line with the pivot point ges towards north to create a couple that makes the compass turn clockwise to read less than 90° during the turn a deceleration has the opposite effect acceleration errors are maximum on eatwest headings and near the magnetic poles and nil on northsouth headings and at the equator a mnemonic for the effect of acceleration error is the word ' ands ' acceleration north deceleration south acceleration causes an indication toward north deceleration causes an indication toward south