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The time taken for the transmission of an interrogation pulse by a distance ? [ Question security ]

Question 185-1 : 158 nm 296 nm 316 nm 186 nm

Admin . 2564.slant range= time 50 micro second /2 x c velocity of light in km/s .slant range= 2000 50 /2 x c.slant range= 975 x 300000.slant range= 292500000.292 500 km > 158 nm .50 micro second is the time taken by the airborne receiver to reply to the ground transponder and you must divide 2000 by 2 because 2000 micro second is the total time taken for a signal to travel and come back exemple 285 158 nm.158 nm.

The reason why pre take off holding areas are sometimes further from the active ?

Question 185-2 : Aircraft manoeuvring near the runway may disturb guidance signals heavy precipitation may disturb guidance signals to increase distance from the runway during offset approach operations to increase aircraft separation in very reduced visibility conditions

exemple 289 Aircraft manoeuvring near the runway may disturb guidance signals.Aircraft manoeuvring near the runway may disturb guidance signals.

An aircraft tracking to intercept the instrument landing system ils localiser ?

Question 185-3 : May receive false course indications only glide path information is available will receive signals without identification coding can expect signals to give correct indications

Admin .false glideslope signals may exist outside the published ils coverage angle and in the area of the localizer back course approach which can cause the glideslope flag alarm to disappear and present unreliable glideslope information exemple 293 May receive false course indications.May receive false course indications.

The middle marker of an instrument landing system ils facility is identified ?

Question 185-4 : Alternate dots and dashes and an amber light flashing two dashes per second and a blue light flashing dots and a white light flashing dashes and an amber light flashing

exemple 297 Alternate dots and dashes and an amber light flashing.Alternate dots and dashes and an amber light flashing.

The outer marker of an instrument landing system ils facility transmits on a ?

Question 185-5 : 75 mhz and is modulated by morse at two dashes per second 200 mhz and is modulated by alternate dot/dash in morse 75 mhz and is modulated by alternate dot/dash in morse 300 mhz and is modulated by morse at two dashes per second

Admin . 677 exemple 301 75 mhz and is modulated by morse at two dashes per second.75 mhz and is modulated by morse at two dashes per second.

What approximate rate of descent is required in order to maintain a 3° glide ?

Question 185-6 : 600 ft/min 550 ft/min 800 ft/min 950 ft/min

Admin .3° glide > 5% rate of descent.divide speed by 2 add a zero exemple 305 600 ft/min.600 ft/min.

An rmi slaved to a remote indicating compass has gone unserviceable and is ?

Question 185-7 : Radial 135° relative bearing unknown radial unknown relative bearing 225° radial unknown relative bearing 045° radial 315° relative bearing unknown

Admin .our heading information is false but the needle will give the correct magnetic bearings of the beacon .example you perform a 360° turn the heading remains locked on 090° on the rmi and the tail of the needle will remain against 135° .now you fly on a northerly heading the tail of the needle progressively shows 134° 133° 132° etc exemple 309 Radial 135°, relative bearing unknown.Radial 135°, relative bearing unknown.

What is the colour sequence when passing over an outer middle and inner marker ?

Question 185-8 : Blue amber white amber white green white amber blue blue green white

Admin . 2565 exemple 313 Blue - amber - white.Blue - amber - white.

The vor system is limited to about 1° of accuracy one degree at 200 nm ?

Question 185-9 : 3 5 nm 2 0 nm 2 5 nm 3 0 nm

Admin .use tangents to get the exact answer .tan1 x 200 = 3 5 nm.or apply the '1 in 60' rule .distance off track / distance gone = track error angle / 60.d/200 = 1/60.d = 200 x 1 /60.d = 3 33 nm approximately = 3 5 nm exemple 317 3.5 nm.3.5 nm.

An aircraft is 'homing' to a radio beacon whilst maintaining a relative bearing ?

Question 185-10 : Right drift left drift zero drift a wind from the west

Admin . 2566.answer 'a wind from the west' is wrong in our example this is a wind from west but imagine if the airplane is heading south to the beacon the wind will be from the east exemple 321 Right drift.Right drift.

In which frequency band do vor transmitters operate ?

Question 185-11 : Vhf uhf shf ehf

Admin .vhf omni directional radio ranges operate in the very high frequency aviation navigation band between 108 to 117 95 mhz .as vhf transmissions are line of sight the ground to air range depends on the elevation of the beacon site the height of the aircraft and the power output exemple 325 Vhf.Vhf.

In which frequency band does an ils glide slope transmit ?

Question 185-12 : Uhf vhf shf ehf

Admin .the uhf glideslope transmitter operating on one of the 40 ils channels within the frequency range 329 15 mhz to 335 00 mhz radiates its signals in the direction of the localizer front course the term 'glidepath' means that portion of the glideslope that intersects the localizer exemple 329 Uhf.Uhf.

Which of the following is likely to have the greatest effect on adf accuracy ?

Question 185-13 : Interference from other ndbs particularly at night frequency drift at the ground station interference from other ndbs particularly during the day mutual interference between aircraft aerials

Admin .navigation using an adf to track ndbs is subject to several common effects . night effect radio waves reflected back by the ionosphere can cause signal strength fluctuations 30 to 60 nautical miles 54 to 108 km from the transmitter especially just before sunrise and just after sunset more common on frequencies above 350 khz . electrical effect electrical storms and sometimes also electrical interference from a ground based source or from a source within the aircraft can cause the adf needle to deflect towards the electrical source exemple 333 Interference from other ndbs, particularly at night.Interference from other ndbs, particularly at night.

Assuming a five dot display on either side of the cdi on the ils localiser ?

Question 185-14 : 0 5 degrees 1 5 degrees 2 5 degrees 2 0 degrees

Admin .five dot display on either side course deviation indicator cdi . 2567 exemple 337 0.5 degrees.0.5 degrees.

Outer marker transmits on 75 mhz and has an aural frequency of ?

Question 185-15 : 400 hz 1300 hz 2000 hz 3000 hz

exemple 341 400 hz.400 hz.

An aircraft is flying on a heading of 270° m .the vor obs is also set to ?

Question 185-16 : Nw sw se ne

Admin . 1672.for training purpose .luizmonteiro learning vor exemple 345 Nw.Nw.

An omni bearing selector obs shows full deflection to the left when within ?

Question 185-17 : 10° or more less than 10° 1 5° or more 2 5 or more

Admin . 1712 exemple 349 10° or more.10° or more.

In accordance with doc 8168 a pilot flying an ndb approach must achieve a ?

Question 185-18 : +/ 5° +/ 10° +/ 2 5° +/ 2°

exemple 353 +/-5°.+/-5°.

What approximate rate of descent is required in order to maintain a 3° ?

Question 185-19 : 450 ft/min 400 ft/min 600 ft/min 700 ft/min

Admin .3° glide > 5% rate of descent.divide speed by 2 add a zero exemple 357 450 ft/min.450 ft/min.

Which statement below concerning mountain effect is correct ?

Question 185-20 : It may occur on ndb and vor bearings it will be compensated by the receiver it does not appear at low altitude it appears only on ndb bearing

Admin .mountain effect or terrain effect scalloping due to reflections and multipath propagation of the radio wave radials can be bent and lead to wrong or fluctuating indications exemple 361 It may occur on ndb and vor bearings.It may occur on ndb and vor bearings.

Which one of the following is an advantage of a microwave landing system mls ?

Question 185-21 : It is insensitive to geographical site and can be installed at sites where it is not possible to use an ils it does not require a separate azimuth localiser and elevation azimuth transmitter the installation does not require to have a separate method marker beacons or dme to determine range there is no restriction on the number of ground installations that can be operated because there is an unlimited number of frequency channels available

exemple 365 It is insensitive to geographical site and can be installed at sites where it is not possible to use an ils.It is insensitive to geographical site and can be installed at sites where it is not possible to use an ils.

The azimuth transmitter of a microwave landing system mls provides a fan shaped ?

Question 185-22 : + or 40° of the runway centre line + or 50° of the runway centre line + or 60° of the runway centre line + or 30° of the runway centre line

. /com en/com062 85 jpg. exemple 369 + or - 40° of the runway centre-line.+ or - 40° of the runway centre-line.

Which of the following statements concerning the variable or directional signal ?

Question 185-23 : The rotation of the variable signal at a rate of 30 times per second gives it the characteristics of a 30 hz amplitude modulation the receiver adds 30 hz to the variable signal before combining it with the reference signal the transmitter varies the amplitude of the variable signal by 30 hz each time it rotates the transmitter changes the frequency of the variable signal by 30 hz either side of the allocated frequency each time it rotates

Admin .the vor encodes azimuth direction from the station as the phase relationship of a reference and a variable signal .the omni directional signal contains a modulated continuous wave mcw 7 wpm morse code station identifier and usually contains an amplitude modulated am voice channel the conventional 30 hz reference signal is on a 9960 hz frequency modulated fm subcarrier the variable amplitude modulated am signal is conventionally derived from the lighthouse like rotation of a directional antenna array 30 times per second exemple 373 The rotation of the variable signal at a rate of 30 times per second gives it the characteristics of a 30 hz amplitude modulation.The rotation of the variable signal at a rate of 30 times per second gives it the characteristics of a 30 hz amplitude modulation.

The maximum theoretical range at which an aircraft at fl230 may receive signals ?

Question 185-24 : 187 nm 230 nm 170 nm 151 nm

Admin .1 23 or 1 25 depending on your school x sqrt23000 = 190 nm . sqrt square root exemple 377 187 nm.187 nm.

When the fading damping of a radio wave is so important that no signal can be ?

Question 185-25 : Absorption diffraction refraction reflection

Admin .absorption of radio wave energy is the way in which the energy is taken up by the ground or atmosphere rain hail ionosphere etc the electromagnetic energy is then transformed to other forms of energy for example into heat exemple 381 Absorption.Absorption.

Where in relation to the runway is the ils localiser transmitting aerial ?

Question 185-26 : On the non approach end of the runway about 300 m from the runway on the extended centreline at the approach end of the runway about 300 m from touchdown on the centreline at the non approach end about 150 m to one side of the runway and 300 m along the extended centreline at the approach end about 150 m to one side of the runway and 300 m from touchdown

Admin . 2568. 2569. 2570 exemple 385 On the non-approach end of the runway about 300 m from the runway on the extended centreline.On the non-approach end of the runway about 300 m from the runway on the extended centreline.

There are two ndbs one 20 nm inland and the other 50 nm inland from the coast ?

Question 185-27 : Greater from the beacon that is 50 nm inland the same from both beacons when the aircraft is on a relative bearing of 180° and 360° greater from the beacon that is 20 nm inland the same from both beacons when the aircraft is on a relative bearing of 090° and 270°

Admin . coastal refraction low frequency radio waves will refract or bend near a shoreline especially if they are close to parallel to it . terrain effect high terrain like mountains and cliffs can reflect radio waves giving erroneous readings .so the extent of the error is greater from the beacon that is 50 nm inland exemple 389 Greater from the beacon that is 50 nm inland.Greater from the beacon that is 50 nm inland.

Which of the following is the icao allocated frequency band for adf receivers ?

Question 185-28 : 190 1750 khz 255 455 khz 300 3000 khz 200 2000 khz

Admin .ndbs used for aviation are standardised by icao annex 10 which specifies that ndbs be operated on a frequency between 190 khz and 1750 khz exemple 393 190 - 1750 khz.190 - 1750 khz.

Icao specifications are that range errors indicated by distance measuring ?

Question 185-29 : + or 0 25 nm plus 1 25% of the distance measured + or 0 5 nm or 3% of the distance measured whichever is the greater + or 1 25 nm plus 0 25% of the distance measured + or 0 25 nm plus 3% of the distance measured up to a maximum of 5 nm

Admin .the error of the dme 'n' according to annex 10 should not exceed + 0 25 nm + 1 25% of the distance measured for installations installed after 1 jan 1989 the total system error should not exceed 0 2 nm dme 'p' precise exemple 397 + or - 0.25 nm plus 1.25% of the distance measured.+ or - 0.25 nm plus 1.25% of the distance measured.

In order to obtain an adf bearing on a system using sense and loop aerials the ?

Question 185-30 : Signal must be received by both the sense and loop aerials sense aerial must be tuned separately mode selector should be switched to 'loop' bfo switch must be selected to 'on'

Admin .the aircraft equipment consists of two antennas the adf receiver and the adf instrument .the two antennas are called the loop antenna and the sense antenna .the loop antenna can sense the direction of the signal from the station but cannot discriminate whether the station is in front or behind the aircraft the sense antenna can discriminate direction and solves the ambiguity of the loop antenna exemple 401 Signal must be received by both the sense and loop aerials.Signal must be received by both the sense and loop aerials.

Every 10 kt decrease in groundspeed on a 3° ils glidepath will require an ?

Question 185-31 : Decrease in the aircraft's rate of descent of 50 ft/min increase in the aircraft's rate of descent of 50 ft/min decrease in the aircraft's rate of descent of 100 ft/min increase in the aircraft's rate of descent of 100 ft/min

Admin .3° glide > 5% rate of descent.vz ft/min = glide % x vs.vz ft/min = 5% x 10 kt.vz ft/min = 50 ft/min exemple 405 Decrease in the aircraft's rate of descent of 50 ft/min.Decrease in the aircraft's rate of descent of 50 ft/min.

Mls installations notified for operation unless otherwise stated provide ?

Question 185-32 : + or 40° about the nominal courseline out to a range of 20 nm + or 20° about the nominal courseline out to a range of 20 nm + or 40° about the nominal courseline out to a range of 30 nm + or 20° about the nominal courseline out to a range of 10 nm

Admin . 2571.icao annex 10 aeronautical telecommunications volume 1 radio navigation aids .3 11 5 3 2 1 coverage.3 11 5 3 2 1 1 approach region .a laterally within a sector of 80 degrees normally plus and minus 40 degrees about the antenna boresight which originates at the approach azimuth antenna phase centre .b longitudinally from the elevation antenna in the direction of the approach to 37 km 20 nm from threshold exemple 409 + or - 40° about the nominal courseline out to a range of 20 nm.+ or - 40° about the nominal courseline out to a range of 20 nm.

Instrument landing systems ils glide paths provide azimuth coverage i ° each ?

Question 185-33 : I 8 ii 10 i 25 ii 17 i 35 ii 25 i 5 ii 8

Admin . 2572 exemple 413 (i) 8 (ii) 10.(i) 8 (ii) 10.

The rate of descent required to maintain a 3 25° glide slope at a groundspeed ?

Question 185-34 : 760 ft/min 850 ft/min 670 ft/min 700 ft/min

Admin .3° glide > 5% rate of descent.so 3 25° glide > 5% '+'.divide speed by 2 add a zero and add a little bit more .formula .glide ° = glide % x 0 6.and.vz ft/mn = glide % x vs.then .glide % = 3 25 / 0 6 = 5 4.vz = 140 x 5 4 = 758 ft/mn .you can also use .rod = glideslope deg x gs kt x100 / 60.rod = 3 25 x 140 x 100 /60.rod = 758 ft/min exemple 417 760 ft/min.760 ft/min.

In isa conditions approximately what is the maximum theoretical range at which ?

Question 185-35 : 201 nm 245 nm 163 nm 183 nm

Admin .1 23* sqrt340 + sqrt21000 = 201 nm . sqrt square root exemple 421 201 nm.201 nm.

An aircraft is flying a 3° glidepath and experiences a reduction in ?

Question 185-36 : 150 ft/min 50 ft/min 100 ft/min 250 ft/min

Admin .at a speed of 150 kt on a 3° glidepath rate of descent is 150x5% = 750 ft/min .at a speed of 120 kt on a 3° glidepath rate of descent is 120x5% = 600 ft/min exemple 425 150 ft/min.150 ft/min.

The principle of operation of an ils localiser transmitter is based on two ?

Question 185-37 : I the same ii modulation frequencies i the same ii phases i different ii modulation frequencies i different ii phases

Admin . on the same frequencies means the one which you feed in your radio panel and carry different modulation frequencies difference in depth of modulation ddm between the 90 hz and 150 hz lobes

An aircraft at 6400 ft will be able to receive a vor groundstation at 100 ft ?

Question 185-38 : 110 nm 90 nm 98 nm 123 nm

Admin .1 23* sqrt100 + sqrt6400 = 110 7 nm. sqrt square root exemple 433 110 nm.110 nm.

An aircraft at fl 100 should be able to receive a vor groundstation at 100 ft ?

Question 185-39 : 137 nm 123 nm 130 nm 220 nm

Admin .you must take into account the height of the vor and the height of the airplane . 2573.1 23 x sqrt100 + sqrt10000 = 135 3 nm . sqrt square root exemple 437 137 nm.137 nm.

What is the minimum level that an aircraft at a range of 113 nm must fly in ?

Question 185-40 : Fl65 fl55 fl80 fl100

Admin . 1704.you must take into account the height of the transmitter and the height of the airplane.1 23 x sqrt169 + sqrt x = 113 nm.113 / 1 23 = sqrt169 + sqrt x . 113 / 1 23 sqrt169 = sqrt x.91 86 13 = sqrt x.x = 6218 ft approximately fl65. sqrt square root


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