Separation methods and minima vertical separation The Vertical Separation Minimum VSM between flights operating in accordance with IFR within controlled airspace above FL 290 is ? Test > Aerodrome

exemple question 123 — Doc4444 procedures air navigation services air traffic management (pans atm) 5 3 2 vertical separation minimum the vertical separation minimum (vsm) shall be a) a nominal 300 m (1000 ft) below fl 290 a nominal 600 m (2000 ft) at or above this level except as provided in b) below and b) within designated airspace subject to a regional air navigation agreement a nominal 300 m (1000 ft) below fl 410 or a higher level where so prescribed use under specified conditions a nominal 600 m (2000 ft) at or above this level.

Separation methods and minima vertical separation The Vertical Separation Minimum VSM between flights operating in accordance with IFR within controlled airspace below FL 290 is ?

exemple question 124 — Separation methods and minima vertical separation the vertical separation minimum vsm between flights operating in accordance with ifr within controlled airspace below fl 290 Doc4444 procedures air navigation services air traffic management (pans atm) 5 3 2 vertical separation minimum the vertical separation minimum (vsm) shall be a) a nominal 300 m (1000 ft) below fl 290 a nominal 600 m (2000 ft) at or above this level except as provided in b) below and b) within designated airspace subject to a regional air navigation agreement a nominal 300 m (1000 ft) below fl 410 or a higher level where so prescribed use under specified conditions a nominal 600 m (2000 ft) at or above this level.

Subject to conditions specified by the appropriate ATS authority a radar controller may request radar controlled aircraft to adjust their speed when established on intermediate and final approach ?

exemple question 125 — Subject to conditions specified the appropriate ats authority a radar controller may request radar controlled aircraft to adjust their speed when established on intermediate and final approach this speed adjustment should not be more than Doc 4444 4 6 3 descending arriving aircraft 4 6 3 1 an aircraft should when practicable be authorized to absorb a period of notified terminal delay cruising at a reduced speed the latter portion of its flight 4 6 3 2 an arriving aircraft may be instructed to maintain its 'maximum spee 'minimum clean spee 'minimum spee or a specified speed note 'minimum clean spee signifies minimum speed at which an aircraft can be flown in a clean configuration i e without deployment of lift augmentation devices speed brakes or landing gear 4 6 3 3 speed reductions to less than 460 km/h (250 kt) ias turbojet aircraft during initial descent from cruising level should be applied only with concurrence of flight crew 4 6 3 4 instructions an aircraft to simultaneously maintain a high rate of descent reduce its speed should be avoided as such manoeuvres are normally not compatible any significant speed reduction during descent may require aircraft to temporarily level off to reduce speed before continuing descent 4 6 3 5 arriving aircraft should be permitted to operate in a clean configuration as long as possible below 4 550 m (fl 150) speed reductions turbojet aircraft to not less than 410 km/h (220 kt) ias which will normally be very close to minimum speed of turbojet aircraft in a clean configuration may be used 4 6 3 6 only minor speed adjustments not exceeding plus/minus 40 km/h (20 kt) ias should be used aircraft on intermediate final approach 4 6 3 7 speed control should not be applied to aircraft after passing a point 7 km (4 nm) from threshold on final approach note the flight crew has a requirement to fly a stabilized approach (airspeed configuration) typically 5 km (3 nm) from threshold.

exemple question 127 — The air traffic control unit has reported 'radar contact' what does that mean to pilot The radar identity of aircraft has been established. Doc 4444 4 6 3 descending arriving aircraft 4 6 3 1 an aircraft should when practicable be authorized to absorb a period of notified terminal delay cruising at a reduced speed the latter portion of its flight 4 6 3 2 an arriving aircraft may be instructed to maintain its 'maximum spee 'minimum clean spee 'minimum spee or a specified speed note 'minimum clean spee signifies minimum speed at which an aircraft can be flown in a clean configuration i e without deployment of lift augmentation devices speed brakes or landing gear 4 6 3 3 speed reductions to less than 460 km/h (250 kt) ias turbojet aircraft during initial descent from cruising level should be applied only with concurrence of flight crew 4 6 3 4 instructions an aircraft to simultaneously maintain a high rate of descent reduce its speed should be avoided as such manoeuvres are normally not compatible any significant speed reduction during descent may require aircraft to temporarily level off to reduce speed before continuing descent 4 6 3 5 arriving aircraft should be permitted to operate in a clean configuration as long as possible below 4 550 m (fl 150) speed reductions turbojet aircraft to not less than 410 km/h (220 kt) ias which will normally be very close to minimum speed of turbojet aircraft in a clean configuration may be used 4 6 3 6 only minor speed adjustments not exceeding plus/minus 40 km/h (20 kt) ias should be used aircraft on intermediate final approach 4 6 3 7 speed control should not be applied to aircraft after passing a point 7 km (4 nm) from threshold on final approach note the flight crew has a requirement to fly a stabilized approach (airspeed configuration) typically 5 km (3 nm) from threshold.

exemple question 128 — The alerting service provided The ats unit responsible the aircraft at that moment. Doc 4444 4 6 3 descending arriving aircraft 4 6 3 1 an aircraft should when practicable be authorized to absorb a period of notified terminal delay cruising at a reduced speed the latter portion of its flight 4 6 3 2 an arriving aircraft may be instructed to maintain its 'maximum spee 'minimum clean spee 'minimum spee or a specified speed note 'minimum clean spee signifies minimum speed at which an aircraft can be flown in a clean configuration i e without deployment of lift augmentation devices speed brakes or landing gear 4 6 3 3 speed reductions to less than 460 km/h (250 kt) ias turbojet aircraft during initial descent from cruising level should be applied only with concurrence of flight crew 4 6 3 4 instructions an aircraft to simultaneously maintain a high rate of descent reduce its speed should be avoided as such manoeuvres are normally not compatible any significant speed reduction during descent may require aircraft to temporarily level off to reduce speed before continuing descent 4 6 3 5 arriving aircraft should be permitted to operate in a clean configuration as long as possible below 4 550 m (fl 150) speed reductions turbojet aircraft to not less than 410 km/h (220 kt) ias which will normally be very close to minimum speed of turbojet aircraft in a clean configuration may be used 4 6 3 6 only minor speed adjustments not exceeding plus/minus 40 km/h (20 kt) ias should be used aircraft on intermediate final approach 4 6 3 7 speed control should not be applied to aircraft after passing a point 7 km (4 nm) from threshold on final approach note the flight crew has a requirement to fly a stabilized approach (airspeed configuration) typically 5 km (3 nm) from threshold.

exemple question 129 — Icao annex 7 aircraft nationality and registration marks which material are aircraft identification plates made up of Fireproof metal or other fireproof material. Icao annex 7 aircraft nationality registration marks 8 identification plate an aircraft shall carry an identification plate inscribed with at least its nationality or common mark registration mark the plate shall be made of fireproof metal or other fireproof material of suitable physical properties shall be secured to aircraft in a prominent position near main entrance or in case of an unmanned free balloon affixed conspicuously to exterior of payload.

exemple question 130 — The eat has to be transmitted to pilot as soon as possible in case expected delay Fireproof metal or other fireproof material. doc4444 pans atm chapter 6 separation in vicinity of aerodromes 6 5 7 expected approach time 6 5 7 1 an expected approach time shall be determined an arriving aircraft that will be subjected to a delay of 10 minutes or more or such other period as has been determined the appropriate authority the expected approach time shall be transmitted to aircraft as soon as practicable preferably not later than at commencement of its initial descent from cruising level a revised expected approach time shall be transmitted to aircraft without delay whenever it differs from that previously transmitted 5 minutes or more or such lesser period of time as has been established the appropriate ats authority or agreed between ats units concerned 6 5 7 2 an expected approach time shall be transmitted to aircraft the most expeditious means whenever it anticipated that aircraft will be required to hold 30 minutes or more.

The 'estimated total time' in block 16 of a vfr flight plan the estimated time Required the aircraft from take off to arrive overhead destination airport. Pans atm doc4444 total estimated elapsed time for ifr flights estimated time required from take off to arrive over that designated point defined reference to navigation aids from which it intended that an instrument approach procedure will be commenced or if no navigation aid associated with destination aerodrome to arrive over destination aerodrome for vfr flights estimated time required from take off to arrive over destination aerodrome.

The following minimum radar separation shall be provided between aircraft on same localizer including additional longitudinal separation as required wake turbulence Required the aircraft from take off to arrive overhead destination airport. icao doc 4444 'procedures air navigation services air traffic management' 8 7 use of ats surveillance systems in the air traffic control service 8 7 3 separation minima based on ats surveillance systems 8 7 3 1 unless otherwise prescribed in accordance with 8 7 3 2 (with respect to radar) 8 7 3 3 or 8 7 3 4 or chapter 6 (with respect to independent dependent parallel approaches) horizontal separation minimum based on radar and/or ads b shall be 9 3 km (5 0 nm) 8 7 3 2 the radar separation minimum in 8 7 3 1 may if so prescribed the appropriate ats authority be reduced but not below a) 5 6 km (3 0 nm) when radar capabilities at a given location so permit and b) 4 6 km (2 5 nm) between succeeding aircraft which are established on same final approach track within 18 5 km (10 nm) of runway end but wake turbulence purposes minumum separation 4 nm (for a 'heavy' following a 'heavy') thus correct answer '4 nm or more' but only '5 nm' offered at exam.

The letter ' written in wake turbulence box of a flight plan form when maximum certified take off weight of an aircraft less than or equal to Required the aircraft from take off to arrive overhead destination airport. pans atm doc4444 .

The longitudinal separation minima based on dme and each aircraft 'on track' uses dme stations nm provided that leading aircraft maintains a true airspeed of 2 kt or more faster than succeding aircraft. 5 4 2 3 3 aircraft at the same cruising level 5 4 2 3 3 1 aircraft on same track a) 37 km (20 nm) provided 1) each aircraft utilizes i) same 'on track' dme station when both aircraft are utilizing dme or ii) an 'on track' dme station a collocated waypoint when one aircraft utilizing dme the otheris utilizing gnss or iii) same waypoint when both aircraft are utilizing gnss and 2) separation checked obtaining simultaneous dme and/or gnss readings from aircraft at frequent intervals to ensure that minimum will not be infringed (see figure 5 21) b) 19 km (10 nm) provided 1) leading aircraft maintains a true airspeed of 37 km/h (20 kt) or more faster than succeeding aircraft 2) each aircraft utilizes i) same 'on track' dme station when both aircraft are utilizing dme or ii) an 'on track' dme station a collocated waypoint when one aircraft utilizing dme the other utilizing gnss or iii) same waypoint when both aircraft are utilizing gnss and 3) separation checked obtaining simultaneous dme and/or gnss readings from aircraft at such intervals as are necessary to ensure that minimum established will not be infringed 19 km (10 nm) dme and/or gnss based separation between aircraft on same track same level.

Longitudinal separation minima based on time the longitudinal separation minima based on time between aircraft at same cruising level where navigation aids permit frequent determination of position and speed and preceding aircraft maintaining a true airspeed of 20 kt or more faster than succeeding aircraft nm provided that leading aircraft maintains a true airspeed of 2 kt or more faster than succeding aircraft. Doc4444 pans atm longitudinal separation minima based on time aircraft flying on same track a) 15 minutes or b) 10 minutes if navigation aids permit frequent determination of position speed or c) 5 minutes in following cases provided that in each case preceding aircraft maintaining a true airspeed of 37 km/h (20 kt) or more faster than succeeding aircraft (see figure below) 1) between aircraft that have departed from same aerodrome 2) between en route aircraft that have reported over same exact significant point 3) between departing en route aircraft after en route aircraft has reported over a fix that so located in relation to departure point as to ensure that five minute separation can be established at point departing aircraft will join air route or d) 3 minutes in cases listed under c) provided that in each case preceding aircraft maintaining a true airspeed of 74 km/h (40 kt) or more faster than succeeding aircraft five minute separation between aircraft on same track same level.

The longitudinal separation minima between aircraft departed from same aerodrome and following same track and preceding aircraft maintaining a true airspeed of 40 kt or more faster than succeeding aircraft nm provided that leading aircraft maintains a true airspeed of 2 kt or more faster than succeding aircraft. icao doc 4444 5 6 minimum separation between departing aircraft 5 6 2 two minutes are required between take offs when preceding aircraft 74 km/h (40 kt) or more faster than following aircraft both aircraft will follow same track .

The pilot in command of an aircraft 1 must comply immediately to all instructions received from atc2 responsible only if he the pic3 may deviate from air regulations safety reasons4 may be exempt from air regulations in order to comply to an atc instruction5 may ask the modification of an unsatisfactory clearance which of following combinations contains all of correct statements nm provided that leading aircraft maintains a true airspeed of 2 kt or more faster than succeding aircraft. icao doc 4444 5 6 minimum separation between departing aircraft 5 6 2 two minutes are required between take offs when preceding aircraft 74 km/h (40 kt) or more faster than following aircraft both aircraft will follow same track .

The primary duty provided a radar unit To provide radar separation. icao doc 4444 5 6 minimum separation between departing aircraft 5 6 2 two minutes are required between take offs when preceding aircraft 74 km/h (40 kt) or more faster than following aircraft both aircraft will follow same track .

The radar controller shall not request pilot to adjust speed where aircraft has passed 4 nm from threshold on final approach. Doc 4444 4 6 3 descending arriving aircraft 4 6 3 1 an aircraft should when practicable be authorized to absorb a period of notified terminal delay cruising at a reduced speed the latter portion of its flight 4 6 3 2 an arriving aircraft may be instructed to maintain its 'maximum spee 'minimum clean spee 'minimum spee or a specified speed note 'minimum clean spee signifies minimum speed at which an aircraft can be flown in a clean configuration i e without deployment of lift augmentation devices speed brakes or landing gear 4 6 3 3 speed reductions to less than 460 km/h (250 kt) ias turbojet aircraft during initial descent from cruising level should be applied only with concurrence of flight crew 4 6 3 4 instructions an aircraft to simultaneously maintain a high rate of descent reduce its speed should be avoided as such manoeuvres are normally not compatible any significant speed reduction during descent may require aircraft to temporarily level off to reduce speed before continuing descent 4 6 3 5 arriving aircraft should be permitted to operate in a clean configuration as long as possible below 4 550 m (fl 150) speed reductions turbojet aircraft to not less than 410 km/h (220 kt) ias which will normally be very close to minimum speed of turbojet aircraft in a clean configuration may be used 4 6 3 6 only minor speed adjustments not exceeding plus/minus 40 km/h (20 kt) ias should be used aircraft on intermediate final approach 4 6 3 7 speed control should not be applied to aircraft after passing a point 7 km (4 nm) from threshold on final approach note the flight crew has a requirement to fly a stabilized approach (airspeed configuration) typically 5 km (3 nm) from threshold.

The separation method whereby vertical and horizontal separation may be reduced till a maximum of half standard criteria called Composite separation. Annex 11 air traffic services 3 3 5 separation an air traffic control unit shall be obtained at least one of following a) vertical separation b) horizontal separation obtained providing 1) longitudinal separation maintaining an interval between aircraft operating along same converging or reciprocal tracks expressed in time or distance or 2) lateral separation maintaining aircraft on different routes or in different geographical areas c) composite separation consisting of a combination of vertical separation one of other forms of separation contained in b) above using minima each which may be lower than but not less than half of those used each of combined elements when applied individually composite separation shall only be applied on basis of regional air navigation agreements.

The speed limitation both ifr flights and vfr flights inside ats airspace classified as b when flying below 3050 m 10000 ft amsl Composite separation. Annex 11 air traffic services 3 3 5 separation an air traffic control unit shall be obtained at least one of following a) vertical separation b) horizontal separation obtained providing 1) longitudinal separation maintaining an interval between aircraft operating along same converging or reciprocal tracks expressed in time or distance or 2) lateral separation maintaining aircraft on different routes or in different geographical areas c) composite separation consisting of a combination of vertical separation one of other forms of separation contained in b) above using minima each which may be lower than but not less than half of those used each of combined elements when applied individually composite separation shall only be applied on basis of regional air navigation agreements.

The speed limitation ifr flights inside ats airspace classified as c when flying below 3050 m 10000 ft amsl Composite separation. Annex 11 air traffic services 3 3 5 separation an air traffic control unit shall be obtained at least one of following a) vertical separation b) horizontal separation obtained providing 1) longitudinal separation maintaining an interval between aircraft operating along same converging or reciprocal tracks expressed in time or distance or 2) lateral separation maintaining aircraft on different routes or in different geographical areas c) composite separation consisting of a combination of vertical separation one of other forms of separation contained in b) above using minima each which may be lower than but not less than half of those used each of combined elements when applied individually composite separation shall only be applied on basis of regional air navigation agreements.

The speed limitation ifr flights inside ats airspace classified as e when flying below 3 050 m 10 000 ft amsl Composite separation. Annex 11 air traffic services 3 3 5 separation an air traffic control unit shall be obtained at least one of following a) vertical separation b) horizontal separation obtained providing 1) longitudinal separation maintaining an interval between aircraft operating along same converging or reciprocal tracks expressed in time or distance or 2) lateral separation maintaining aircraft on different routes or in different geographical areas c) composite separation consisting of a combination of vertical separation one of other forms of separation contained in b) above using minima each which may be lower than but not less than half of those used each of combined elements when applied individually composite separation shall only be applied on basis of regional air navigation agreements.

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