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Question 194-1 : The operating principle of a dme is the measurement of the ? [ Level reports ]

Time between the transmission and reception of radio pulses

Admin .the dme operates by transmitting to and receiving paired pulses from the ground station the transmitter in the aircraft sends out very narrow pulses at a frequency of about 1000 mhz these signals are received at the ground station and trigger a second transmission on a different frequency these reply pulses are sensed by timing circuits in the aircraft's receiver that measure the elapsed time between transmission and reception .electronic circuits within the radio convert this measurement to electrical signals that operate the distance and ground speed indicators exemple 294 Time between the transmission and reception of radio pulses.

Question 194-2 : When flying at 6000 feet above ground level the dme indicates 5 nm .what is the horizontal distance from the aircraft to overhead the dme ?

4 9 nm

6000 ft = 1 nm.pythagoras' theorem .dme range² = ground range² + height².5² = ground range² + 1².ground range² = 25 1.ground range = sqrt24.ground range = 4 89.. sqrt square root exemple 298 4.9 nm.

Question 194-3 : You are on a magnetic heading of 055° and your adf indicates a relative bearing of 325° .the qdm is ?

020°

Admin .for training purpose .luizmonteiro learning adf. 2579.relative bearings are measured clockwise from the nose of the aircraft round to the direction of the ndb exemple 302 020°.

Question 194-4 : Your aircraft is heading 075°m the obi is set to 025° .the vor indications are 'to' with the needle showing right deflection .relative to the station you are situated in a quadrant defined by the radials ?

205° and 295°

Admin .for training purpose .luizmonteiro learning vor. 2580.the to indication means you are closer to the 025° to the beacon than the 025° from the beacon the 025° to the beacon is the 025 + 180 = 205° radial you are between the 115° radial and the 295° radial to the south west of the beacon .since the needle deflection is to the right you must turn right to join the selected 205° radial inbound or after passing the beacon the 025° radial outbound .it means that we cannot be right of the radial 205° thus we are between '205° and 295°' radials exemple 306 205° and 295°.

Question 194-5 : Which of the following affects vdf range ?

The height of the transmitter and of the receiver

exemple 310 The height of the transmitter and of the receiver.

Question 194-6 : Which of the following errors is associated with the use of vor ?

Scalloping

Admin .definition says 'one of a series of curves along an edge' same as the shell r petrol sign . 2581.when you get scalloping on a vor your aircraft will fly a series of curves like a snake as opposed to a constant heading you could expect from a vor exemple 314 Scalloping.

Question 194-7 : What is the audio frequency of the inner marker ?

3000 hz

Admin .icao annex 10 aeronautical telecommunications volume 1 radio navigation aids .3 1 7 4 modulation.3 1 7 4 1 the modulation frequencies shall be as follows . a inner marker when installed 3 000 hz .b middle marker 1 300 hz .c outer marker 400 hz .the frequency tolerance of the above frequencies shall be plus or minus 2 5 per cent and the total harmonic content of each of the frequencies shall not exceed 15 per cent .3 1 7 4 2 the depth of modulation of the markers shall be 95 per cent plus or minus 4 per cent exemple 318 3000 hz.

Question 194-8 : What is the 'q' code for a magnetic bearing from a vdf station ?

'request qdr'

exemple 322 'request qdr'.

Question 194-9 : What is measured in order to establish aircraft position in relation to the localizer beam on an ils ?

The difference in depth between the 90hz modulation and the 150hz modulation

exemple 326 The difference in depth between the 90hz modulation and the 150hz modulation.

Question 194-10 : What are the modulation frequencies of the two overlapping lobes that are used on an ils approach ?

90 hz and 150 hz

Admin . 2582 exemple 330 90 hz and 150 hz.

Question 194-11 : Which of the following correctly describes the instrument landing system ils localiser radiation pattern ?

Two overlapping lobes on the same vhf carrier frequency

Admin .radiation pattern are 90 hz and 150 hz signals. 2582.distribution of the frequencies seen in the approach direction . 2583.if the aircraft is exactly on the glidepath on the exact runway centreline it receives a balance between modulations exemple 334 Two overlapping lobes on the same vhf carrier frequency.

Question 194-12 : Which one is the most correct statement regarding the range of the dme system ?

Range within 'line of sight' and maximum 200 nm

exemple 338 Range within 'line of sight', and maximum 200 nm.

Question 194-13 : You are on a compass heading of 090° on the 255 radial from a vor .you set the course 190° on your obs the deviation bar will show ?

Full scale deflection left with a 'from' indication

Admin . 2584.for training purpose .luizmonteiro learning vor exemple 342 Full scale deflection left with a 'from' indication.

Question 194-14 : Which one of the statements below is correct regarding the dme ?

The dme operating frequencies are in the uhf frequency band

exemple 346 The dme operating frequencies are in the uhf frequency band.

Question 194-15 : What actually happens in the adf receiver when the bfo position is selected ?

The bfo circuit imposes a tone onto the carrier wave to make the ndb's ident audible

Bfo beat frequency oscillator .on modern aircraft the bfo is activated automatically exemple 350 The bfo circuit imposes a tone onto the carrier wave to make the ndb's ident audible.

Question 194-16 : If a failed rmi rose is stuck on 090° and the adf pointer indicates 225° the relative bearing to the station will be ?

135°

Admin .the top of the rmi is always where the aircraft is pointing heading and hence if it's stuck on 090° you simply subtract that from the number the needle's pointing to get the relative bearing .in other words if you want to join the ndb station you have to turn right by 135° exemple 354 135°.

Question 194-17 : Full scale deflection of the localiser needle indicates that the aircraft is approximately ?

2 5° offset from the localiser centreline

. /com en/com062 47 jpg.the indication on the cockpit instrument is the same as that of a vor a right left or centered needle the procedure for getting on course is also the same fly toward the needle .full scale deflection of the cdi course deviation indicator needle is approximately 2 5° movement of the cdi is therefore four times more sensitive exemple 358 2.5° offset from the localiser centreline.

Question 194-18 : In order to measure the radial from a vor the aircraft vor receiver ?

Measures the phase difference between the reference phase and the variable phase of the signal

Admin .two signals are transmitted from the ground station above the first is the non directional reference phase and the second is the rotating variable phase both signals are transmitted 30 times per second the variable phase transmits cyclically around the 360 degrees of the azimuth approximately 30 times per second the reference phase signal is transmitted every time the variable phase transmission sweeps past magnetic north . 2585.radial information is derived from the difference in time between the two signals which would be different for each radial this computation is referred to as phase difference and is displayed by the airborne equipment exemple 362 Measures the phase difference between the reference phase and the variable phase of the signal.

Question 194-19 : Assuming a five dot display on either side of the ils localiser cockpit display what is the angular displacement of the aircraft from the localiser centreline when the cdi is deflected 2 dots to the right ?

1 0° to the left

Admin .five dot display on either side course deviation indicator cdi . 2586.if the cdi is deflected 2 dots to the right we have to turn right to correct our path so we are on the left of the centerline exactly 1° to the left exemple 366 1.0° to the left.

Question 194-20 : An ndb is on a relative bearing of 316° from an aircraft given .compass heading 270° deviation 2°w.at aircraft variation 30°e .at station variation 28°e.calculate the true bearing of the ndb from the aircraft ?

254°

Admin . 2587.compass heading deviation west = magnetic heading.270° 2°w = 268° .magnetic heading + variation east = true heading.268° + 30° = 298° .the ndb is on a relative bearing of 316° from the aircraft 360° 316° = 44° left of the nose the true bearing to the beacon is 298° 44° = 254° exemple 370 254°.

Question 194-21 : If you are on an ils approach and in case your glide slope indicator shows a deviation of more than half scale deflection downwards ?

You should commence a go around because obstacle clearance is no longer ensured

exemple 374 You should commence a go-around because obstacle clearance is no longer ensured.

Question 194-22 : An aircraft at fl 100 should be able to receive a vor groundstation at 100 ft above msl at an approximate maximum range of ?

135 nm

Admin .for coverage and range to calculate the range in nm official learning objectives formula is .1 23 x square root transmitter height in feet + 1 23 x square root receiver height in feet.1 23 x sqrt100 + 1 23 sqrt10000 = 135 3 nm. sqrt square root exemple 378 135 nm.

Question 194-23 : An aeroplane flies over position a which is due north of a vor station sited at position b .the magnetic variation at a is 18°w and at b is 10°w .what radial from b is the aircraft on ?

010°

Admin .the aircraft is positioned due north of the vor on a bearing of 000° true .magnetic variation is applied at the vor ground station therefore in this case a magnetic variation of 010°w is applied .when variation is west this means that at the vor magnetic north is to the west of true north . 2588.the aircraft is on the 010° radial from the vor exemple 382 010°.

Question 194-24 : Full deflection on a glide slope indicator indicates that the aircraft is ?

0 7° above or below the correct glide path

Admin . 2589 exemple 386 0.7° above or below the correct glide path.

Question 194-25 : On what carrier frequency does the inner marker transmit ?

75 mhz

According to icao annex 10 all marker beacons operate on 75 mhz carrier frequency .modulation frequencies are .outer marker 400 hz.middle marker 1300 hz.inner marker 3000 hz exemple 390 75 mhz.

Question 194-26 : The indicated range from a dme station is ?

Slant range

Admin .the indicated range from a dme station is slant range . 2590 exemple 394 Slant range.

Question 194-27 : According to icao 8168 what is regarded as the maximum safe deviation below the glide path during ils approach ?

Half scale deflection

Admin .icao doc 8168 .3 3 flight procedures for racetrack and reversal procedures. 3 3 4 descent .the aircraft shall cross the fix or facility and fly outbound on the specified track descending as necessary to the procedure altitude/height but no lower than the minimum crossing altitude/height associated with that segment if a further descent is specified after the inbound turn this descent shall not be started until the aircraft is established on the inbound track an aircraft is considered established when it is . a within half full scale deflection for the ils and vor or.b within ±5° of the required bearing for the ndb exemple 398 Half scale deflection.

Question 194-28 : On which of the following displays are you able to get a direct read out no calculation is necessary from the pilot of the magnetic bearing from the aircraft to the ndb ?

Moving card adf and rmi

Admin . 2591.a fixed card is aligned with a heading of 000° and therefore only displays relative bearings .on a rmi on top of the instrument you can read your actual heading on a moving card adf you have to manually align your actual heading with the knob exemple 402 Moving card adf and rmi.

Question 194-29 : What according to icao annex 10 is the range of a locator ?

10 25 nm

exemple 406 10 - 25 nm.

Question 194-30 : According to icao annex 10 in which frequency band s does a locator normally transmit ?

Lf/mf

Admin .vor operating frequencies vhf.localiser vhf.marker beacon vhf.dme operating frequencies uhf.glide slope uhf.gnss/gps uhf.l1 and l2 frequencies used by navstar/gps uhf.ils localiser and glide slope vhf and uhf bands .microwave landing system mls shf.airborne weather radars shf.locator lf/mf exemple 410 Lf/mf.

Question 194-31 : A vor and an ndb are co located an aircraft equipped with an rmi is flying away from the beacons on a radial of 090° through an area where magnetic variation is changing rapidly .which statement is correct ?

The adf needle moves the vor needle does not

Admin .application of magnetic variation is at beacon position for a vor and at aircraft position for a ndb .only the adf relative bearing will show the change of magnetic variation exemple 414 The adf needle moves, the vor needle does not.

Question 194-32 : Which of these markers has the highest audible frequency ?

Inner

exemple 418 Inner.

Question 194-33 : A mls without dme p provides ?

An ils like approach

exemple 422 An ils-like approach.

Question 194-34 : False beams on the ils glidepath are ?

Only found above the correct glideslope

exemple 426 Only found above the correct glideslope.

Question 194-35 : On an ils approach the glidepath needle is fully down how much deflection does this indicate ?

0 7°

Admin . 2589.full scale deflection on the glidepath needle corresponds to approximately 0 7° from the ils glidepath centre line exemple 430 0.7°.

Question 194-36 : The audio modulation of the middle marker is keyed to give ?

Alternating dots and dashes at a rate of 2 dashes per second and 6 dots per second

exemple 434 Alternating dots and dashes at a rate of 2 dashes per second and 6 dots per second.

Question 194-37 : If you are flying a back course ils you are flying a ?

Non precision approach on the reciprocal runway of the precision approach runway

Admin .in a conventional localizer the signal radiates outwards from the end of the runway along the extended center line of the runway usually a by product of this is a signal that radiates in the reverse direction some installations take advantage of this 'spurious signal' and use it for an instrument approach . 2592.localizer signal also 'propagating' in the opposite direction back down the runway .for information a non precision approach is an instrument approach and landing which utilises lateral guidance but does not utilise vertical guidance .a precision approach is an approach in which range azimuth and glide slope information are provided to the pilot exemple 438 Non precision approach on the reciprocal runway of the precision approach runway.

Question 194-38 : What is a vdf referenced to ?

Magnetic north at the station

.vdf stations are capable of measuring the direction of arrival of radio transmissions from aircraft vdf measures the bearing of the aircraft with reference to true or magnetic north at the station exemple 442 Magnetic north at the station.

Question 194-39 : A locator .1 is a low powered beacon.2 is a high powered beacon.3 has a range of 10 25 nm.4 has a range of 10 400 nm ?

1 and 3

exemple 446 1 and 3.

Question 194-40 : Which of the following alternatives is correct regarding audio and visual signals in the cockpit when passing overhead a middle marker ?

Audio 1300 hz alternating dots and dashes .visual amber

exemple 450 Audio: 1300 hz, alternating dots and dashes.xsxvisual: amber.


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