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Question 195-1 : Concerning the localiser principle of operation in an ils the needle of the aircraft indicator is centred when the difference in depth of modulation ddm is ? [ Level reports ]

Null

exemple 295 Null.

Question 195-2 : Concerning the glidepath principle of operation in an ils system the needle of the indicator is centred when the difference in depth of modulation ddm is ?

Null

exemple 299 Null.

Question 195-3 : An ils receiver ?

Measures the difference in depth of modulation of the two transmitted signals

exemple 303 Measures the difference in depth of modulation of the two transmitted signals.

Question 195-4 : Mls is primarily being installed at airports where ?

Ils encounters difficulties because of surrounding buildings and/or the terrain or interference from local music stations

exemple 307 Ils encounters difficulties because of surrounding buildings and/or the terrain or interference from local music stations.

Question 195-5 : The ils marker identified audibly by a series of dots 6 per second is the ?

Inner marker

exemple 311 Inner marker.

Question 195-6 : With regard to the range of ndb's and the accuracy of the bearings they provide can be stated that in general at night ?

The range increases and the accuracy decreases

exemple 315 The range increases and the accuracy decreases.

Question 195-7 : Which statement is correct with respect to the range of an ndb ?

With propagation over sea the range will be greater than the range with propagation over land

Admin .ndb signals follow the curvature of the earth so they can be received at much greater distances at lower altitudes a major advantage over vor .however ndb signals are also affected more by atmospheric conditions mountainous terrain coastal refraction and electrical storms particularly at long range exemple 319 With propagation over sea the range will be greater than the range with propagation over land.

Question 195-8 : Which statement is correct for homing towards an ndb in an area with constant wind and constant magnetic variation ?

The relative bearing of the ndb should be kept 000°

Admin .if the pilot is flying directly to the station the bearing indicator points to 0° . 2593.relative bearing is the angle formed by the intersection of a line drawn through the centerline of the aircraft and a line drawn from the aircraft to the radio station this angle is always measured clockwise from the nose of the aircraft and is indicated directly by the pointer on the bearing indicator . pay attention a question looks similar but instead of 'homing' you have 'tracking' and it is different .homing you are following the adf needle direction you will drift you constantly change heading to reach the station .tracking you fly at constant course to reach the beacon you apply a wind correction angle exemple 323 The relative bearing of the ndb should be kept 000°.

Question 195-9 : Which statement is correct for tracking towards an ndb in an area with constant wind and constant magnetic variation ?

The relative bearing of the ndb should be equal in magnitude and sign to the experienced drift angle

.relative bearing is the direction of the station expressed as an angle measured clockwise from the forward point of the longitudinal axis of an aircraft ..in order to fly directly onto the station you must apply a drift except if it's headwind or tailwind .. /com en/com062 390 jpg. . pay attention the question 389 looks similar but instead of 'tracking' you have 'homing' and it is different .tracking you fly at constant course to reach the beacon you apply a wind correction angle ..homing you are following the adf needle direction you will drift you constantly change heading to reach the station exemple 327 The relative bearing of the ndb should be equal (in magnitude and sign) to the experienced drift angle.

Question 195-10 : The dme line of position is a circle with radius at ?

The ground distance and centre the dme station

Admin .dme line of position definition .a position line using dme is a circle with the station at its centre the distance measured by dme is slant range however the circle is at the ground distance and centre the dme station . 2590 exemple 331 The ground distance and centre the dme-station.

Question 195-11 : The localiser transmits in ?

The vhf band

Admin .vor operating frequencies vhf.localiser vhf.marker beacon vhf.dme operating frequencies uhf.glide slope uhf.gnss/gps uhf.l1 and l2 frequencies used by navstar/gps uhf.ils localiser and glide slope vhf and uhf bands.microwave landing system mls shf.airborne weather radars shf.locator lf/mf exemple 335 The vhf band.

Question 195-12 : What is the effect of fm broadcast stations that transmit on frequencies just below 108 mhz on the performance of ils ?

These transmissions may interfere with the ils localizer signal which may lead to erroneous localizer deviation indication

Admin .fm broadcast stations that transmit on frequencies just below 108 mhz may lead to erroneous localizer deviation indication .this factor affecting range and accuracy of the ils localizer signal exemple 339 These transmissions may interfere with the ils localizer signal which may lead to erroneous localizer deviation indication.

Question 195-13 : What is the function of a fm immune filter ?

To make the ils localizer receiver less susceptible to interference from commercial fm stations radio and television

Jomargra .why the ils glide path is not affected gs is in the uhf range and tv is also in the uhf . .fm immunity relates in reality solely to the bottom end of the vhf nav band and solely to receivers .it all happened when the government sold off the 'guard band' the gap in the frequency allocation between fm broadcasting and aircraft navigation so the fm broadcasters now come right up to the edge by 108 mhz but not the tv broadcasters exemple 343 To make the ils-localizer receiver less susceptible to interference from commercial fm-stations (radio and television).

Question 195-14 : On the rmi the tip of a vor needle indicates 060° .with the crs set on 055° the indications on the hsi are ?

To half scale deflection to the right

Admin . 2594.to avoid risks of confusion we assume that we are on course to the station our heading is superposed with the rmi indication note that the result will be the same whatever your heading is we are on the radial 240° .half scale deflection to the right vor has 5 dots to either side of center and eah dot represents 2° of deviation we are on radial 240° and we selected a crs 055° radial 235° 5° deviation half scale deflection .for training purpose .luizmonteiro learning vor exemple 347 To, half scale deflection to the right.

Question 195-15 : To provide a pilot with the position of the aircraft in the absence of radar atc must have at its disposal at least ?

Two vdf's at different locations able to take bearings simultaneously on the transmitted frequency

Admin .vdf is the abbreviation for 'vhf direction finder' vdf stations are capable of measuring the direction of arrival of radio transmissions from aircraft vdf measures the bearing of the aircraft with reference to true or magnetic north at the station .with two vdf's at different locations atc is able to provide the position of the aircraft exemple 351 Two vdf's at different locations, able to take bearings simultaneously on the transmitted frequency.

Question 195-16 : Vdf is the abbreviation for ?

Vhf direction finder

exemple 355 Vhf direction finder.

Question 195-17 : The transmission of the glide slope beacon is characterised by a ?

Uhf frequency with a minimum range of 10 nm

Admin .vor operating frequencies vhf.localiser vhf.marker beacon vhf.dme operating frequencies uhf.glide slope uhf.gnss/gps uhf.l1 and l2 frequencies used by navstar/gps uhf.ils localiser and glide slope vhf and uhf bands .microwave landing system mls shf.airborne weather radars shf.locator lf/mf exemple 359 Uhf frequency with a minimum range of 10 nm.

Question 195-18 : A locator beacon differs from an ndb with respect to .1 operational use.2 transmission power.3 presentation in the cockpit.4 frequency band.from the above stated differences the following numbers are correct ?

1 and 2

Admin .according to icao annex 10 a locator is a low powered beacon with a range of 10 to 25 nm frequency band 190 khz to 1750 khz and presentation in the cockpit are the same a locator is for airfield or runway approach ndb is a high powered beacon used for en route and airways navigation range up to 250 nm exemple 363 1 and 2.

Question 195-19 : An aircraft is flying on a magnetic heading of 210° .the magnetic variation at the vor is 5°w and at the aircraft 10°w .according to the hsi shown at the annex the aircraft is on radial . err a 062 417 ?

025°

Img /com en/com062 15113 jpg..half scale needle deflection on vor tracking mode is 5° .for training purpose please use one of the following websites ..navigation simulator..adf vor simulator..vor simulator..luizmonteiro learning vor exemple 367 025°.

Question 195-20 : An aircraft is flying on a magnetic heading of 210° .the magnetic variation at the vor is 5°w and at the aircraft 10°w .according to the cdi shown at the annex the aircraft is on radial . err a 062 418 ?

025°

.the radials of a vor always point away from the station . . /com en/com062 418 jpg..aircraft heading is not important selected courses crs is 200° the needle materializes the radial 200° and with the 'to' indication we are on course to the station we still are on radial 020 opposite to radial 200° .we are left of selected course and in vor/dme mode half scale deflection of the cdi is 5° full deflectionis 10° ..for training purpose please use one of the following websites ..navigation simulator..adf vor simulator..vor simulator..luizmonteiro learning vor exemple 371 025°.

Question 195-21 : The reading of the rmi bearing is 300° at the tip of the needle .the magnetic variation at the dr position is 24°w the magnetic variation at the ndb is 22°w and the deviation is 2° .the compass heading is 020° the true bearing is ?

274°

Admin .compass heading = 020°.deviation = 2° westerly deviation deviation west compass best .magnetic heading = 018°.variation = 24° ndb variation at aircraft position variation west magnetic best .true heading = 354° .we are looking for a bearing from the station and the rmi bearing is 300° at the tip of the needle .at a heading of 020° and a bearing to the beacon of 300° relative bearing must be 280° 300° 020° .reciprocal true bearing = heading + relative bearing.reciprocal true bearing = 354° + 280° = 634°.true bearing = 634° 360° = 274° exemple 375 274°.

Question 195-22 : Classify the marker from lower aural frequency to higher aural frequency .1 inner marker if available .2 middle marker.3 outer marker ?

3 2 1

Inner ... middle .... outer exemple 379 3 - 2 - 1

Question 195-23 : Range of 'vdf' depends on .1 line of sight formula.2 power of transmitters.3 intervening high ground .the combination regrouping all the correct statements is ?

1 2 and 3

exemple 383 1, 2 and 3.

Question 195-24 : Locators are .1 high powered ndbs used for en route and airways navigation .2 low powered ndbs used for airfield or runway approach .3 beacons with a usually range of 10 to 250 nm .4 beacons with a usually range of 10 to 25 nm .the combination regrouping all the correct statements is ?

2 and 4

exemple 387 2 and 4.

Question 195-25 : Allocated frequencies for 'ndb' are ?

190 khz to 1750 khz

Admin .ndbs non directional beacons used for aviation are standardised by icao annex 10 which specifies that ndbs be operated on a frequency between 190 khz and 1750 khz exemple 391 190 khz to 1750 khz.

Question 195-26 : On final on an 'ils' approach you are flying overhead the outer marker .you can expect to be at ?

4 nm from the threshold

exemple 395 4 nm from the threshold.

Question 195-27 : An aircraft has a magnetic heading of 290° and is on vor radial 280 which value has to be selected on the obs to get a to indication and the cdi course deviation indicator centred ?

100°

.the heading of the aircraft is irrevelant the radials of a vor always point away from the station and you are on radial 280° if you want to go to the station you must select the radial minus 180° or + 180° it's up to you .notice if you want a from indication you just have to select 280° .for training purpose please use one of the following websites ..navigation simulator..adf vor simulator..vor simulator..luizmonteiro learning vor exemple 399 100°.

Question 195-28 : The 'ils' outer marker modulation frequency is ?

400 hz

exemple 403 400 hz.

Question 195-29 : Which of the following list use the vhf band .1 locator.2 localiser.3 outer marker.4 glide path.the combination that regroups all the corrects statements is ?

2 and 3

.vor operating frequencies vhf. localiser vhf . marker beacon vhf ..dme operating frequencies uhf.glide slope/path uhf.gnss/gps uhf.l1 and l2 frequencies used by navstar/gps uhf..ils localiser and glide slope uhf and vhf bands ..microwave landing system mls shf.airborne weather radars shf..locator lf/mf exemple 407 2 and 3.

Question 195-30 : Range of vdf depends on .1 loudness of the voices of the pilot and the operator when transmitting .2 power of airborne and ground transmitters .3 power of pilot voice when transmitting .4 aircraft altitude and ground transmitter elevation.the combination regrouping all the correct statements is ?

2 and 4

exemple 411 2 and 4.

Question 195-31 : An aircraft on a heading of 180°m is on a bearing of 270°m from a vor .the bearing you should select on the omni bearing selector to centralise the vor/ils left/right deviation needle with a to indication is ?

090°

. /com en/com062 437 jpg.to centralise the vor/ils deviation needle you can set 090° or 270° .if you choose 270° you will have a 'from' indication .for training purpose please use one of the following websites ..navigation simulator..adf vor simulator..vor simulator..luizmonteiro learning vor exemple 415 090°.

Question 195-32 : The localiser transmitters operate in a frequency band between ?

108 mhz and 111 975 mhz

Admin .ils localiser frequencies are found in the range of 108 00 to 111 95 mhz and the first digit after the decimal point is odd . if the first digit after the decimal point is even it is a vor .please note that this question stipulates between you will find localiser frequencies from 108 10 to 111 95 mhz exemple 419 108 mhz and 111.975 mhz.

Question 195-33 : The ils middle marker modulation frequency is ?

1300 hz

exemple 423 1300 hz.

Question 195-34 : Inner marker beacons of an ils transmit at ?

75 mhz

Admin . all marker beacons operate on 75 mhz carrier frequency .modulation frequencies are .outer marker 400 hz .middle marker 1300 hz.inner marker 3000 hz.the audio frequency modulation for identification is continuous modulation of the audio frequency and is keyed as follows .outer marker 2 dashes per second continuously .middle marker a continuous series of alternate dots and dashes .inner marker 6 dots per second continuously exemple 427 75 mhz.

Question 195-35 : All ils marker beacons transmit at ?

75 mhz

Admin .icao annex 10 aeronautical telecommunications volume 1 radio navigation aids .3 1 7 2 radio frequency.3 1 7 2 1 the marker beacons shall operate at 75 mhz with a frequency tolerance of plus or minus 0 005 per cent and shall utilize horizontal polarization exemple 431 75 mhz.

Question 195-36 : Middle marker beacons of an ils transmit on carrier frequency at ?

75 mhz

Admin . all marker beacons operate on 75 mhz carrier frequency .modulation frequencies are .outer marker 400 hz .middle marker 1300 hz.inner marker 3000 hz.the audio frequency modulation for identification is continuous modulation of the audio frequency and is keyed as follows .outer marker 2 dashes per second continuously .middle marker a continuous series of alternate dots and dashes .inner marker 6 dots per second continuously exemple 435 75 mhz.

Question 195-37 : An aircraft is on the 065 radial with a heading of 090°m .the course reference selector crs is set on 240 .which hsi shows the correct indications . err a 062 447 ?

B

Crs is set by the pilot it is 240 radial .we are on the 065 radial if we were on the opposite side of the vor opposite radial of 240 we will be on the 060° radial 240 180 ..in order to simplify remember that the indication on a hsi is directionnal so you can set a crs on 060° and we could see that we are on the right of the radial 060° ..if our heading is 090° it means that we are going away from the vor the vor is behind us .only b is the correct answer exemple 439 B.

Question 195-38 : Night effect in an adf may cause ?

Fluctuating indications of the needle on the rmi

.navigation using an adf to track ndbs is subject to several common effects .. night effect radio waves reflected back by the ionosphere can cause signal strength fluctuations 30 to 60 nautical miles 54 to 108 km from the transmitter especially just before sunrise and just after sunset more common on frequencies above 350 khz .. terrain effect high terrain like mountains and cliffs can reflect radio waves giving erroneous readings magnetic deposits can also cause erroneous readings .. electrical effect or static interference electrical storms and sometimes also electrical interference from a ground based source or from a source within the aircraft can cause the adf needle to deflect towards the electrical source .. shoreline effect or coastal refraction low frequency radio waves will refract or bend near a shoreline especially if they are close to parallel to it .. bank effect when the aircraft is banked the needle reading will be offset ..it doesn't provide information of failure or malfunction exemple 443 Fluctuating indications of the needle on the rmi.

Question 195-39 : The audio frequency modulation of the outer marker shall be keyed as follows ?

2 dashes per second continuously

Admin . 677 exemple 447 2 dashes per second continuously.

Question 195-40 : Which statement is correct with respect to the different types of vor ?

A tvor has a limited range

Admin .tvor terminal vor .the range of 108 to 112 mhz is allocated for terminal vor terminal vors are accurate to 25 nm outward up to 12000 ft .tvor is not a 'vot' which is a 'test vor' exemple 451 A tvor has a limited range.


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