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Question 197-1 : Which answer states the typical distances along the centerline of the runway of the various ils components ? [ Level reports ]

Localizer transmitter 300 meter behind end of runway glide path transmitter 300 meter behind threshold middle marker 1000 meter from threshold outer marker 4 nm from threshold

exemple 297 Localizer transmitter: 300 meter behind end of runway, glide path transmitter: 300 meter behind threshold, middle marker: 1000 meter from threshold, outer marker: 4 nm from threshold.

Question 197-2 : The ils marker identified audibly by a series of alternate dots and dashes is the ?

Middle marker

exemple 301 Middle marker.

Question 197-3 : The ils marker with an aural frequency of 1300 hz is the ?

Middle marker

exemple 305 Middle marker.

Question 197-4 : The adf indication in the cockpit is a ?

Relative bearing on a fixed card indicator

.the bearing indicator displays the bearing to the station relative to the nose of the aircraft if the pilot is flying directly to the station the bearing indicator points to 0° an adf with a fixed card bearing indicator always represents the nose of the aircraft as 0° and the tail as 180° . /com en/com062 16472 jpg. exemple 309 Relative bearing on a fixed card indicator.

Question 197-5 : Concerning adf and ndb ?

Ndb is a ground equipment and adf is an airbone equipment

exemple 313 Ndb is a ground equipment, and adf is an airbone equipment.

Question 197-6 : The ils receiver of an aircraft flying down the exact runway centreline will receive ?

90 hz and 150 hz lobes at equal depth

.'flying down' means 'flying along' the ils glide path not below the glide path exemple 317 90 hz and 150 hz lobes at equal depth.

Question 197-7 : The ils receiver of an aircraft on approach and flying on the glidepath will receive ?

The modulation from both lobes at equal depth

.radiation pattern are 90 hz and 150 hz signals. /com en/com062 12691 jpg..distribution of the frequencies seen in the approach direction .. /com en/com062 15293 jpg..if the aircraft is exactly on the glidepath on the exact runway centreline it receives a balance between modulations exemple 321 The modulation from both lobes at equal depth.

Question 197-8 : Ndb is the abbreviation for ?

Non directional beacon

Admin .one of the older types of radio navigation is the automatic direction finder adf or non directional beacon ndb .the adf receiver a 'backup' system for the vhf equipment can be used when line of sight transmission becomes unreliable or when there is no vor equipment on the ground or in the aircraft .it is used as a means of identifying positions receiving low and medium frequency voice communications homing tracking and for navigation on instrument approach procedures exemple 325 Non directional beacon.

Question 197-9 : The ils marker identified visually by an white light flashing is the ?

Inner marker

exemple 329 Inner marker.

Question 197-10 : The ils marker identified visually by an amber light flashing is the ?

Middle marker

exemple 333 Middle marker.

Question 197-11 : On an rmi the front end of a vor pointer indicates the ?

Radial plus 180°

Admin . 2600.the front end the head or the arrow of a vor pointer indicates the vor direction the radials of a vor always point away from the station thus we are on the radial 257° .the end of the pointer shows the radial .the arrow shows the radial + or 180° exemple 337 Radial plus 180°.

Question 197-12 : What is the effect of multipath signals coming from the same aircraft at the ground vhf direction finder station ?

They may result in bearing errors

Admin . 2601 exemple 341 They may result in bearing errors.

Question 197-13 : One of the possible disturbances of the ils signal is 'scalloping' .which statement is correct ?

Scalloping causes rapid indicator changes from side to side of the intended approach path which can not be followed by the aircraft

.normally the ils signal gives you a 'straight line' down to the threshold you may experience some interference with this signal resulting in a 'bent' signal if you follow the localiser/glideslope indications the path follows a sine curve all the way down to the runway thus it oscillates above and below the normal slope this oscillation is irregular and can not be followed by the aircraft exemple 345 Scalloping causes rapid indicator changes from side to side of the intended approach path which can not be followed by the aircraft.

Question 197-14 : Which of the following statements about the scalloping path deflection of vor radials in relation to the accuracy of navigation using a vor/dme rnav system is correct ?

Scalloping has a negative effect on the accuracy of navigation

exemple 349 Scalloping has a negative effect on the accuracy of navigation.

Question 197-15 : In flight a pilot can improve the range of his transmission with a vdf operator by ?

Increasing altitude

exemple 353 Increasing altitude.

Question 197-16 : The uhf band is assigned to the .1 locator.2 localiser.3 outer marker.4 glide path.the combination that regroups all the corrects statements is ?

4

Admin .vor operating frequencies vhf.localiser vhf.marker beacon vhf.dme operating frequencies uhf.glide slope uhf.gnss/gps uhf.l1 and l2 frequencies used by navstar/gps uhf.ils localiser and glide slope vhf and uhf bands .microwave landing system mls shf.airborne weather radars shf.locator lf/mf exemple 357 4.

Question 197-17 : Tvor is a ?

Vor with a limited range used in the terminal area

Admin .tvor terminal vor .the range of 108 to 112 mhz is allocated for terminal vor terminal vors are accurate to 25 nm outward up to 12000 ft .tvor is not a 'vot' which is a 'test vor' exemple 361 Vor with a limited range used in the terminal area.

Question 197-18 : An aircraft is flying a heading of 245° towards a vor at fl300 .the hsi displays a 'selected course' of 255° with a 'to' indication .the variation at the vor is 15°e variation at the aircraft position is 16°e and the deviation is +1° .when the pilot keeps the cdi on the left inner dot on a ?

The vor will be approached along radial 070°

Admin .the pilot keeps the cdi on the left inner dot the displacement is 5° .the pilot is 5° right of the selected radial 255° 180° = 075° .the vor will be approached along radial 075° 5° = 070° exemple 365 The vor will be approached along radial 070°.

Question 197-19 : The selection of the dme frequency for a ils/dme installation is as follows ?

The dme frequency is paired with the localizer frequency so only the localiser frequency is set

exemple 369 The dme frequency is paired with the localizer frequency so only the localiser frequency is set.

Question 197-20 : Which statement is true about the use of the doppler effect in a doppler vor ?

The doppler effect is used to create a signal which is received by the aircraft's vor receiver as a frequency modulated signal

Admin .doppler effect is the phenomena where the frequency of an electromagnetic wave will increase or decrease if there is relative motion between the transmitter and the receiver .the frequency will increase if the transmitter and receiver are converging and will decrease if they are diverging .doppler vor dvor is a second generation vor station emitting signals by means of a combination of fixed antennas utilising the doppler principle exemple 373 The doppler effect is used to create a signal which is received by the aircraft's vor-receiver as a frequency modulated signal.

Question 197-21 : Mls can minimise multi path errors because ?

The transmission can be interrupted to avoid reflection by stationary objects

.mls can be installed at airports on which as a result of the effects of surrounding buildings and/or terrain ils siting is difficult in order to minimise multipath errors the transmission can be interrupted to avoid reflection by stationary objects exemple 377 The transmission can be interrupted to avoid reflection by stationary objects.

Question 197-22 : The effect of masking the dme antenna of the aircraft from the ground installation is that interruption of reception of dme signals results in ?

The airborne installation switching to the memory mode for about 10 to 15 seconds

Admin .memory mode .if the responding signals are interrupted whilst the system is in tracking mode a memory circuit is actived the system holds . the last measured range value and . the receiver gate at the last measured time interval.after a short period in 'memory mode' your dme interrogator will revert to search mode exemple 381 The airborne installation switching to the memory mode for about 10 to 15 seconds.

Question 197-23 : On final on ils approach at 0 6 nm from the threshold which marker are you likely to hear ?

The middle marker

Admin . 2602 exemple 385 The middle marker.

Question 197-24 : Which statement about the interrogation by the dme interrogator is correct ?

The interrogation does not start before pulse pairs of the tuned dme station are received

Admin .tuning the dme interrogator in the aircraft starts the transmission of pulse pairs in search mode no information is received by the interrogator at this point .when the pulse pairs are received by the transponder at the ground station it adjusts the frequency by a pre determined not random + or 63 mhz which are transmitted back to and received by the interrogator it is only now that we have a closed loop between the interrogator and the transponder exemple 389 The interrogation does not start before pulse-pairs of the tuned dme-station are received.

Question 197-25 : Regarding ils which of the following is true ?

All markers transmit at 75 mhz

Admin .according to icao annex 10 all marker beacons operate on 75 mhz carrier frequency .modulation frequencies are .outer marker 400 hz.middle marker 1300 hz.inner marker 3000 hz exemple 393 All markers transmit at 75 mhz.

Question 197-26 : The frequency of an outer marker om light is 75 mhz corresponding wavelength is ?

4 m

Admin .wavelength in m = 300 / f in mhz .wavelength in m = 300 / 75 = 4 m exemple 397 4 m.

Question 197-27 : The two signals transmitted by a conventional vor ground station are 90° out of phase on magnetic ?

East

Admin .vor signal has 2 part .reference phase signal and variable phase signal .it is transmitted in such a way that the electrical phase angle between the 2 components differs by the exact number of degrees that the receiving aircraft is away from the 360 degree radial .your vor equipment recognizes the phase difference and uses it to determine its magnetic direction or course from the vor .if you are east of the station the variable phase signal will be.received 90 degrees out of the phase with the reference phase signal south of the station it will be 180 degrees out of phase exemple 401 East.

Question 197-28 : The design requirements for dme p since january 2 1989 stipulate that the total system error should not exceed ?

0 2 nm

Admin .for installations installed after 1 jan 1989 the total system error should not exceed 0 2 nm dme 'p' precise .the error of the dme 'n' narrow according to annex 10 should not exceed + 0 25 nm + 1 25% of the distance measured exemple 405 0.2 nm.

Question 197-29 : In isa conditions what flight level must be used when you are 117 nm away from a vor located at 169 ft msl to receive the vor signals ?

Fl80

Admin .easa learning objectives specially indicates 1 23 and not 1 25 for calculation you must calculate the range using the formula . 1 23 x sqrttransmitter height in feet + 1 23 x sqrtreceiver height in feet .1 23 x sqrt169 + 1 23 sqrtaircraft height = 117 nm.aircraft height = 117 1 23 x sqrt169 /1 23 ² = 6744 ft.you must use fl80 fl65 is too low .sqrt square root exemple 409 Fl80.

Question 197-30 : Regarding monitoring system of the vor which statement is correct ?

Failure of the vor station to stay within the required limits can cause the removal of identification and navigation components from the carrier or radiation to cease

Admin .vor performance is self monitored by the ground station transmitter's monitoring systems .the maximum permissible bearing error of the vor system is 5° of which the station tolerance is limited to only 1° .if the bearing error should exceed that tolerance the transmitter will cease to transmit the carrier wave and cease transmitting the ident .if a stand by transmitter is installed at the same location this will come on line run through a series of power on self tests and resume the operation of the system exemple 413 Failure of the vor station to stay within the required limits can cause the removal of identification and navigation components from the carrier or radiation to cease.

Question 197-31 : The minimum airborne equipment required for operation of a vdf vhf direction finder is a ?

Vhf transmitter receiver operating in the 118 mhz to 136 mhz range

exemple 417 Vhf transmitter-receiver operating in the 118 mhz to 136 mhz range.

Question 197-32 : The wavelength of a non directional beacon ndb at a frequency of 300 khz is ?

1000 metres

Admin .wavelength m = 300 / f mhz .wavelength m = 300000 / f khz .wavelength = 300000 / 300 khz = 1000 m exemple 421 1000 metres.

Question 197-33 : A dme in tracking mode subsequently experiences a reduction in signal strength will switch the equipment in the first instance to ?

Memory mode

Admin .memory mode .if the responding signals are interrupted whilst the system is in tracking mode a memory circuit is actived the system holds . the last measured range value and . the receiver gate at the last measured time interval.after a short period in 'memory mode' your dme interrogator will revert to search mode exemple 425 Memory mode.

Question 197-34 : Dme utilizes pulse pairs instead of single pulses ?

To distinguish the transmissions from transmitters of other radar systems utilizing single pulses

Admin .paired pulses at a specific spacing are sent out from the aircraft and are received by the ground station .the ground station then transmits the paired pulses back to the aircraft at the same pulse spacing but on a different frequency .the time required for the round trip of this signal exchange is measured in the aircraft dme unit and is translated into distance nm from the aircraft to the ground station .considering that the ground station is replying interrogation from several aircraft at the same time the dme interrogator need to sort its own pulse pair out from the ground station replies to achieve that the dme airborne receiver examines the ground station replies looking for a sequence with the same randomly jittered signature when it finds that it knows they're replies to its own interrogations .jitter is the randomly varying space between the pulse pairs sent by the interrogator .jitter works as an encoding of the pulse sequence sent by the aircraft allowing the dme to recognize only the replies corresponding to its own interrogations

Question 197-35 : The indication of from/to indicator of a vor shift from to/from and vice versa when the value difference between selected course and the measured radial passes in either direction ?

090°

Admin .for training purpose .luizmonteiro learning vor exemple 433 090°.

Question 197-36 : In the dme tracking mode interrogator transmits ?

A relatively low number of pulse pairs per second

Admin .in the search mode more pulse pairs per second are transmitted than in the tracking mode exemple 437 A relatively low number of pulse pairs per second.

Question 197-37 : The ils glide path is normally intercepted between from the runway threshold ?

3 10 nm


Question 197-38 : What is the best position in order to minimize false indications from an adf located inland when flying along the coast ?

Perpendicular to the coast on a line passing by the station

Admin . 1684

Question 197-39 : The accuracy of a dme ?

Decreases with increase of range

exemple 449 Decreases with increase of range.

Question 197-40 : A vot is ?

A test vor

exemple 453 A test vor.


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