Question 206-1 : What is the colour sequence when passing over an outer middle and inner marker beacon ? [ Exam pilot ]

Question 206-2 : The vor system is limited to about 1° of accuracy one degree at 200 nm represents a width of ?

35 nm.

Use tangents to get the exact answer tan1 x 200 = 35 nmor apply the '1 in 60' rule distance off track distance gone = track error angle 60d200 = 160d = 200 x 1 60d = 333 nm approximately = 35 nm

Question 206-3 : An aircraft is 'homing' to a radio beacon whilst maintaining a relative bearing of zero if the magnetic heading decreases the aircraft is experiencing ?

Right drift.

2566answer 'a wind from the west' is wrong in our example this is a wind from west but imagine if the airplane is heading south to the beacon the wind will be from the east

Question 206-4 : In which frequency band do vor transmitters operate ?

Vhf.

Vhf omni directional radio ranges operate in the very high frequency aviation navigation band between 108 to 11795 mhzas vhf transmissions are line of sight the ground to air range depends on the elevation of the beacon site the height of the aircraft and the power output

Question 206-5 : In which frequency band does an ils glide slope transmit ?

Uhf.

The uhf glideslope transmitter operating on one of the 40 ils channels within the frequency range 32915 mhz to 33500 mhz radiates its signals in the direction of the localizer front course the term 'glidepath' means that portion of the glideslope that intersects the localizer

Question 206-6 : Which of the following is likely to have the greatest effect on adf accuracy ?

Interference from other ndbs particularly at night.

Navigation using an adf to track ndbs is subject to several common effects night effect radio waves reflected back by the ionosphere can cause signal strength fluctuations 30 to 60 nautical miles 54 to 108 km from the transmitter especially just before sunrise and just after sunset more common on frequencies above 350 khz electrical effect electrical storms and sometimes also electrical interference from a ground based source or from a source within the aircraft can cause the adf needle to deflect towards the electrical source

Question 206-7 : Assuming a five dot display on either side of the cdi on the ils localiser cockpit display what does each of the dots represent approximately ?

05 degrees.

Five dot display on either side course deviation indicator cdi 2567

Question 206-8 : Outer marker transmits on 75 mhz and has an aural frequency of ?

400 hz.

Question 206-9 : An aircraft is flying on a heading of 270° m the vor obs is also set to 270° with the full left deflection and from flag displayed in which sector is the aircraft from the vor ground station ?

Nw.

1672for training purpose luizmonteiro learning vor

Question 206-10 : An omni bearing selector obs shows full deflection to the left when within range of a serviceable vor what angular deviation are you from the selected radial ?

10° or more.

1712

Question 206-11 : In accordance with doc 8168 a pilot flying an ndb approach must achieve a tracking accuracy within of the published approach track ?

+ 5°.

Question 206-12 : What approximate rate of descent is required in order to maintain a 3° glidepath at a groundspeed of 90 kt ?

450 ftmin.

3° glide > 5% rate of descentdivide speed by 2 add a zero

Question 206-13 : Which statement below concerning mountain effect is correct ?

It may occur on ndb and vor bearings.

Mountain effect or terrain effect scalloping due to reflections and multipath propagation of the radio wave radials can be bent and lead to wrong or fluctuating indications

Question 206-14 : Which one of the following is an advantage of a microwave landing system mls compared with an instrument landing system ils ?

It is insensitive to geographical site and can be installed at sites where it is not possible to use an ils.

Question 206-15 : The azimuth transmitter of a microwave landing system mls provides a fan shaped horizontal approach zone which is usually ?

+ or 40° of the runway centre line.

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Question 206-16 : Which of the following statements concerning the variable or directional signal of a conventional vor is correct ?

The rotation of the variable signal at a rate of 30 times per second gives it the characteristics of a 30 hz amplitude modulation.

The vor encodes azimuth direction from the station as the phase relationship of a reference and a variable signalthe omni directional signal contains a modulated continuous wave mcw 7 wpm morse code station identifier and usually contains an amplitude modulated am voice channel the conventional 30 hz reference signal is on a 9960 hz frequency modulated fm subcarrier the variable amplitude modulated am signal is conventionally derived from the lighthouse like rotation of a directional antenna array 30 times per second

Question 206-17 : The maximum theoretical range at which an aircraft at fl230 may receive signals from a vor facility sited at mean sea level is ?

187 nm.

123 or 125 depending on your school x sqrt23000 = 190 nm sqrt square root

Question 206-18 : When the fading damping of a radio wave is so important that no signal can be received this phenomenon is ?

Absorption.

Absorption of radio wave energy is the way in which the energy is taken up by the ground or atmosphere rain hail ionosphere etc the electromagnetic energy is then transformed to other forms of energy for example into heat

Question 206-19 : Where in relation to the runway is the ils localiser transmitting aerial normally situated ?

On the non approach end of the runway about 300 m from the runway on the extended centreline.

2568 2569 2570

Question 206-20 : There are two ndbs one 20 nm inland and the other 50 nm inland from the coast assuming that the error caused by coastal refraction is the same for both propagations the extent of the error in a position line plotted by an aircraft that is over water ?

Greater from the beacon that is 50 nm inland.

coastal refraction low frequency radio waves will refract or bend near a shoreline especially if they are close to parallel to it terrain effect high terrain like mountains and cliffs can reflect radio waves giving erroneous readingsso the extent of the error is greater from the beacon that is 50 nm inland

Question 206-21 : Which of the following is the icao allocated frequency band for adf receivers ?

190 1750 khz.

Ndbs used for aviation are standardised by icao annex 10 which specifies that ndbs be operated on a frequency between 190 khz and 1750 khz

Question 206-22 : Icao specifications are that range errors indicated by distance measuring equipment narrow dme n should not exceed ?

+ or 025 nm plus 125% of the distance measured.

The error of the dme 'n' according to annex 10 should not exceed + 025 nm + 125% of the distance measured for installations installed after 1 jan 1989 the total system error should not exceed 02 nm dme 'p' precise

Question 206-23 : In order to obtain an adf bearing on a system using sense and loop aerials the ?

Signal must be received by both the sense and loop aerials.

The aircraft equipment consists of two antennas the adf receiver and the adf instrumentthe two antennas are called the loop antenna and the sense antennathe loop antenna can sense the direction of the signal from the station but cannot discriminate whether the station is in front or behind the aircraft the sense antenna can discriminate direction and solves the ambiguity of the loop antenna

Question 206-24 : Every 10 kt decrease in groundspeed on a 3° ils glidepath will require an approximate ?

Decrease in the aircraft's rate of descent of 50 ftmin.

3° glide > 5% rate of descentvz ftmin = glide % x vsvz ftmin = 5% x 10 ktvz ftmin = 50 ftmin

Question 206-25 : Mls installations notified for operation unless otherwise stated provide azimuth coverage of ?

+ or 40° about the nominal courseline out to a range of 20 nm.

2571icao annex 10 aeronautical telecommunications volume 1 radio navigation aids 3115321 coverage31153211 approach region a laterally within a sector of 80 degrees normally plus and minus 40 degrees about the antenna boresight which originates at the approach azimuth antenna phase centreb longitudinally from the elevation antenna in the direction of the approach to 37 km 20 nm from threshold

Question 206-26 : Instrument landing systems ils glide paths provide azimuth coverage i ° each side of the localiser centre line to a distance of ii nm minimum from the threshold ?

I 8 ii 10.

2572

Question 206-27 : The rate of descent required to maintain a 325° glide slope at a groundspeed of 140 kt is approximately ?

760 ftmin.

0

Question 206-28 : In isa conditions approximately what is the maximum theoretical range at which an aircraft at fl210 may expect to receive signals from a vor facility sited 340 feet above mean sea level ?

201 nm.

123* sqrt340 + sqrt21000 = 201 nm sqrt square root

Question 206-29 : An aircraft is flying a 3° glidepath and experiences a reduction in groundspeed from 150 kt at the outer marker to 120 kt over the threshold the effect of this change in groundspeed on the aircraft's rate of descent will be a decrease of approximately ?

150 ftmin.

At a speed of 150 kt on a 3° glidepath rate of descent is 150x5% = 750 ftminat a speed of 120 kt on a 3° glidepath rate of descent is 120x5% = 600 ftmin

Question 206-30 : The principle of operation of an ils localiser transmitter is based on two overlapping lobes that are transmitted on i frequencies and carry different ii ?

I the same ii modulation frequencies.

on the same frequencies means the one which you feed in your radio panel and carry different modulation frequencies difference in depth of modulation ddm between the 90 hz and 150 hz lobes

Question 206-31 : An aircraft at 6400 ft will be able to receive a vor groundstation at 100 ft above msl at an approximate maximum range of ?

110 nm.

123* sqrt100 + sqrt6400 = 1107 nm sqrt square root

Question 206-32 : An aircraft at fl 100 should be able to receive a vor groundstation at 100 ft above msl at an approximate maximum range of ?

137 nm.

You must take into account the height of the vor and the height of the airplane 2573123 x sqrt100 + sqrt10000 = 1353 nm sqrt square root

Question 206-33 : What is the minimum level that an aircraft at a range of 113 nm must fly in order to contact the tower on rt for a vdf bearing from an airport sited 169 ft above msl ?

Fl65.

1704you must take into account the height of the transmitter and the height of the airplane123 x sqrt169 + sqrt x = 113 nm113 123 = sqrt169 + sqrt x 113 123 sqrt169 = sqrt x9186 13 = sqrt xx = 6218 ft approximately fl65 sqrt square root

Question 206-34 : An aircraft is on radial 120 with a magnetic heading of 300° the track selector obs reads 330 the indications on the course deviation indicator cdi are 'fly' ?

Left with 'to' showing.

2574for training purpose luizmonteiro learning vor

Question 206-35 : Given course deviation indicator cdi for a vor is selected to 090° fromto indicator indicates 'to' cdi needle is deflected halfway to the right on what radial is the aircraft ?

275°.

2575we are on radial 275° left of the intended track aircraft heading is not important for training purpose luizmonteiro learning vor

Question 206-36 : Of what use if any is a military tacan station to civil aviation ?

It can provide dme distance.

A tactical air navigation system commonly referred to by the acronym tacan is a navigation system used by military aircraft it provides the user with bearing and distance slant range to a ground or ship borne station it is a more accurate version of the vhf omnidirectional rangedistance measuring equipment vordme system that provides bearing and range information for military aviationthe dme portion of the tacan system is available for civil use

Question 206-37 : The frequency range of a vor receiver is ?

108 to 11795 mhz.

Vor receiver frequencies are found in the range of 10800 to 11795 mhz and the first digit after the decimal point is even if the first digit after the decimal point is odd it is an ils localiser frequency

Question 206-38 : Which of the following is an ils localiser frequency ?

10915 mhz.

Ils uses 108 mhz to 11195 mhzfirst odd decimalvor receiver frequencies are found in the range of 10800 to 11795 mhz and the first digit after the decimal point is even if the first digit after the decimal point is odd it is an ils localiser frequency

Question 206-39 : What airborne equipment if any is required to be fitted in order that a vdf let down may be flown ?

Vhf radio.

Question 206-40 : Which of the following is an advantage of grounddf vdf let down ?

It only requires a vhf radio to be fitted to the aircraft.

In order to use a vhf direction finding service the only equipment needed in the aircraft is a vhf radio transmitterreceiver the directional antenna and bearing indicator are all in the ground station