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Question 209-1 : An aircraft is flying on a magnetic heading of 210°..the magnetic variation at the vor is 5°w and at the aircraft 10°w..according to the hsi shown at the annex the aircraft is on radial.. err a 062 417 ? [ Exam pilot ]

025°.

Img /com en/com062 15113.jpg...half scale needle deflection on vor tracking mode is 5°...for training purpose, please use one of the following websites....navigation simulator....adf vor simulator....vor simulator....luizmonteiro learning vor exemple 309 025°.

Question 209-2 : An aircraft is flying on a magnetic heading of 210°..the magnetic variation at the vor is 5°w and at the aircraft 10°w..according to the cdi shown at the annex the aircraft is on radial.. err a 062 418 ?

025°.

.the radials of a vor always point away from the station... /com en/com062 418.jpg...aircraft heading is not important, selected courses crs is 200°, the needle materializes the radial 200° and with the 'to' indication, we are on course to the station. we still are on radial 020 opposite to radial 200°..we are left of selected course and in vor/dme mode half scale deflection of the cdi is 5° full deflectionis 10°....for training purpose, please use one of the following websites....navigation simulator....adf vor simulator....vor simulator....luizmonteiro learning vor. exemple 313 025°.

Question 209-3 : The reading of the rmi bearing is 300° at the tip of the needle..the magnetic variation at the dr position is 24°w, the magnetic variation at the ndb is 22°w and the deviation is 2°..the compass heading is 020°. the true bearing is ?

274°.

.compass heading = 020°..deviation = 2° westerly deviation deviation west, compass best..magnetic heading = 018°..variation = 24° ndb variation at aircraft position. variation west, magnetic best..true heading = 354°...we are looking for a bearing from the station, and the rmi bearing is 300° at the tip of the needle..at a heading of 020° and a bearing to the beacon of 300°, relative bearing must be 280° 300° 020°...reciprocal true bearing = heading + relative bearing..reciprocal true bearing = 354° + 280° = 634°..true bearing = 634° 360° = 274°. exemple 317 274°.

Question 209-4 : Classify the marker from lower aural frequency to higher aural frequency..1. inner marker if available..2. middle marker..3. outer marker ?

3 2 1

Inner..... middle....... outer exemple 321 3 - 2 - 1

Question 209-5 : Range of vdf depends on..1 line of sight formula.2 power of transmitters.3 intervening high ground...the combination regrouping all the correct statements is ?

1, 2 and 3.

exemple 325 1, 2 and 3.

Question 209-6 : Locators are.1. high powered ndbs used for en route and airways navigation..2. low powered ndbs used for airfield or runway approach..3. beacons with a usually range of 10 to 250 nm..4. beacons with a usually range of 10 to 25 nm...the combination regrouping all the correct statements is ?

2 and 4.

exemple 329 2 and 4.

Question 209-7 : Allocated frequencies for 'ndb' are ?

190 khz to 1750 khz.

.ndbs non directional beacons used for aviation are standardised by icao annex 10 which specifies that ndbs be operated on a frequency between 190 khz and 1750 khz. exemple 333 190 khz to 1750 khz.

Question 209-8 : On final on an 'ils' approach, you are flying overhead the outer marker..you can expect to be at ?

4 nm from the threshold.

exemple 337 4 nm from the threshold.

Question 209-9 : An aircraft has a magnetic heading of 290° and is on vor radial 280. which value has to be selected on the obs to get a to indication and the cdi course deviation indicator centred ?

100°.

.the heading of the aircraft is irrevelant. the radials of a vor always point away from the station, and you are on radial 280°. if you want to go to the station, you must select the radial minus 180° or + 180°, it's up to you..notice if you want a from indication, you just have to select 280°...for training purpose, please use one of the following websites....navigation simulator....adf vor simulator....vor simulator....luizmonteiro learning vor exemple 341 100°.

Question 209-10 : The 'ils' outer marker modulation frequency is ?

400 hz.

exemple 345 400 hz.

Question 209-11 : Which of the following list use the vhf band..1. locator..2. localiser..3. outer marker..4. glide path..the combination that regroups all the corrects statements is ?

2 and 3.

.vor operating frequencies vhf.. localiser vhf.. marker beacon vhf....dme operating frequencies uhf..glide slope/path uhf..gnss/gps uhf..l1 and l2 frequencies used by navstar/gps uhf....ils localiser and glide slope uhf and vhf bands.....microwave landing system mls shf..airborne weather radars shf....locator lf/mf. exemple 349 2 and 3.

Question 209-12 : Range of vdf depends on.1. loudness of the voices of the pilot and the operator when transmitting..2. power of airborne and ground transmitters..3. power of pilot voice when transmitting..4. aircraft altitude and ground transmitter elevation.the combination regrouping all the correct statements is ?

2 and 4.

exemple 353 2 and 4.

Question 209-13 : An aircraft, on a heading of 180°m is on a bearing of 270°m from a vor..the bearing you should select on the omni bearing selector to centralise the vor/ils left/right deviation needle, with a to indication, is ?

090°.

. /com en/com062 437.jpg.to centralise the vor/ils deviation needle, you can set 090° or 270°..if you choose 270°, you will have a 'from' indication...for training purpose, please use one of the following websites....navigation simulator....adf vor simulator....vor simulator....luizmonteiro learning vor. exemple 357 090°.

Question 209-14 : The localiser transmitters operate in a frequency band between ?

108 mhz and 111.975 mhz.

.ils localiser frequencies are found in the range of 108.00 to 111.95 mhz, and the first digit after the decimal point is odd.. if the first digit after the decimal point is even it is a vor...please note that this question stipulates between , you will find localiser frequencies from 108.10 to 111,95 mhz. exemple 361 108 mhz and 111.975 mhz.

Question 209-15 : The ils middle marker modulation frequency is ?

1300 hz.

exemple 365 1300 hz.

Question 209-16 : Inner marker beacons of an ils transmit at ?

75 mhz.

. all marker beacons operate on 75 mhz carrier frequency...modulation frequencies are.outer marker 400 hz.middle marker 1300 hz.inner marker 3000 hz..the audio frequency modulation for identification is continuous modulation of the audio frequency and is keyed as follows.outer marker 2 dashes per second continuously..middle marker a continuous series of alternate dots and dashes..inner marker 6 dots per second continuously. exemple 369 75 mhz.

Question 209-17 : All ils marker beacons transmit at ?

75 mhz.

.icao annex 10 aeronautical telecommunications volume 1 radio navigation aids.3.1.7.2 radio frequency.3.1.7.2.1 the marker beacons shall operate at 75 mhz with a frequency tolerance of plus or minus 0.005 per cent and shall utilize horizontal polarization. exemple 373 75 mhz.

Question 209-18 : Middle marker beacons of an ils transmit on carrier frequency at ?

75 mhz.

. all marker beacons operate on 75 mhz carrier frequency...modulation frequencies are.outer marker 400 hz.middle marker 1300 hz.inner marker 3000 hz..the audio frequency modulation for identification is continuous modulation of the audio frequency and is keyed as follows.outer marker 2 dashes per second continuously..middle marker a continuous series of alternate dots and dashes..inner marker 6 dots per second continuously. exemple 377 75 mhz.

Question 209-19 : An aircraft is on the 065 radial with a heading of 090°m..the course reference selector crs is set on 240..which hsi shows the correct indications.. err a 062 447 ?

B.

Crs is set by the pilot, it is 240 radial...we are on the 065 radial, if we were on the opposite side of the vor opposite radial of 240 , we will be on the 060° radial 240 180....in order to simplify, remember that the indication on a hsi is directionnal, so you can set a crs on 060°, and we could see that we are on the right of the radial 060°....if our heading is 090°, it means that we are going away from the vor. the vor is behind us..only b is the correct answer. exemple 381 B.

Question 209-20 : Night effect in an adf may cause ?

Fluctuating indications of the needle on the rmi.

.navigation using an adf to track ndbs is subject to several common effects.... night effect radio waves reflected back by the ionosphere can cause signal strength fluctuations 30 to 60 nautical miles 54 to 108 km from the transmitter, especially just before sunrise and just after sunset more common on frequencies above 350 khz.... terrain effect high terrain like mountains and cliffs can reflect radio waves, giving erroneous readings magnetic deposits can also cause erroneous readings.... electrical effect or static interference electrical storms, and sometimes also electrical interference from a ground based source or from a source within the aircraft can cause the adf needle to deflect towards the electrical source.... shoreline effect or coastal refraction low frequency radio waves will refract or bend near a shoreline, especially if they are close to parallel to it.... bank effect when the aircraft is banked, the needle reading will be offset.....it doesn't provide information of failure or malfunction. exemple 385 Fluctuating indications of the needle on the rmi.

Question 209-21 : The audio frequency modulation of the outer marker shall be keyed as follows ?

2 dashes per second continuously.

. 677 exemple 389 2 dashes per second continuously.

Question 209-22 : Which statement is correct with respect to the different types of vor ?

A tvor has a limited range.

.tvor terminal vor..the range of 108 to 112 mhz is allocated for terminal vor terminal vors are accurate to 25 nm outward up to 12000 ft...tvor is not a 'vot' which is a 'test vor'. exemple 393 A tvor has a limited range.

Question 209-23 : The ils receiver of an aircraft on approach and flying on the right of the exact runway centreline will receive ?

More of the 150 hz localiser signal than the 90 hz localiser signal.

Img /com en/com062 12691.jpg...distribution of the frequencies seen in the approach direction... /com en/com062 15293.jpg...if the aircraft is exactly on the glidepath on the exact runway centreline , it receives a balance between modulations....if the aircraft is right of the exact runway centreline glidepath , it will receive more of the 150 hz localiser signal than the 90 hz localiser signal. exemple 397 More of the 150 hz localiser signal than the 90 hz localiser signal.

Question 209-24 : Ils produces ?

A radiation pattern which is amplitude modulated by a 90hz and a 150hz signal.

Img /com en/com062 12691.jpg exemple 401 A radiation pattern which is amplitude modulated by a 90hz and a 150hz signal.

Question 209-25 : 108.35 mhz can only be ?

An ils frequency.

Ils localiser frequencies are found in the range of 108.00 to 111.95 mhz, and the first digit after the decimal point is odd.. if the first digit after the decimal point is even it is a vor. exemple 405 An ils frequency.

Question 209-26 : One of uses of the vdf service is providing aircraft with ?

Homing.

exemple 409 Homing.

Question 209-27 : On an ils approach, when flying overhead the outer marker the color of the flashing light will be ?

Blue.

exemple 413 Blue.

Question 209-28 : A vor is situated at the far end of a runway on which an aircraft is making an ils approach..nav 1 is switched to the localiser frequency and nav 2 to the vor frequency..at the moment that the needle of number 1 indicator reaches the outer dot the deflection of the needle of number 2 indicator will ?

Approximately a quarter of the scale.

. 2595.keep in mind.each of the dots represent approximately 0.5 degrees on the ils localiser cockpit display nav1 and 2.5 degrees on the vor localiser cockpit display nav2. exemple 417 Approximately a quarter of the scale.

Question 209-29 : Two aircraft are located on arbitrary different radials but at equal distances from a vor station..which statement is true ?

At a certain moment of time the phase of the reference signals is equal and the phase of variable signals is unequal for both aircraft.

.two questions in the easa database look similar, this one. two aircraft are located on arbitrary different radials but at equal distances from a vor station.at a certain moment of time the phase of the reference signals is equal and the phase of variable signals is unequal for both aircraft...and this one. two aircraft are located on the same radial but at arbitrary different distances from a vor station.at a certain moment of time, both the phase of the reference signals and of the variable signals are equal for both aircraft. exemple 421 At a certain moment of time the phase of the reference signals is equal and the phase of variable signals is unequal for both aircraft.

Question 209-30 : Two aircraft are located on the same radial but at arbitrary different distances from a vor station..which statement is true ?

At a certain moment of time, both the phase of the reference signals and of the variable signals are equal for both aircraft.

.two questions in the easa database look similar, this one. two aircraft are located on arbitrary different radials but at equal distances from a vor station.at a certain moment of time the phase of the reference signals is equal and the phase of variable signals is unequal for both aircraft...and this one. two aircraft are located on the same radial but at arbitrary different distances from a vor station.at a certain moment of time, both the phase of the reference signals and of the variable signals are equal for both aircraft. exemple 425 At a certain moment of time, both the phase of the reference signals and of the variable signals are equal for both aircraft.

Question 209-31 : Adf is the abbreviation for ?

Automatic direction finder.

.one of the older types of radio navigation is the automatic direction finder adf or non directional beacon ndb..the adf receiver, a backup system for the vhf equipment, can be used when line of sight transmission becomes unreliable or when there is no vor equipment on the ground or in the aircraft..it is used as a means of identifying positions, receiving low and medium frequency voice communications, homing, tracking, and for navigation on instrument approach procedures.

Question 209-32 : On an ils approach, when flying overhead the middle marker the color of the flashing light will be ?

Amber.

exemple 433 Amber.

Question 209-33 : On an ils approach, when flying overhead the inner marker if available the color of the flashing light will be ?

White.

exemple 437 White.

Question 209-34 : The ils marker with the lower aural frequency is the ?

Outer marker.


Question 209-35 : 'beam bends' in the ils approach path are ?

Slight curves that can be followed by large aircraft.

.ils beam bends may occur because of vehicle, building or aircraft interference. sudden and unexpected flight control movements may occur at a very low altitude or during the landing and rollout when the autopilot attempts to follow the beam bends...beam bends can be followed by large aircraft, especially near the ground during cat ii and iii approaches operation.

Question 209-36 : In an ils, concerning the localiser principle of operation, the difference in depth of modulation ddm will ?

Increase with displacement from the centerline.

exemple 449 Increase with displacement from the centerline.

Question 209-37 : Concerning the glidepath principle of operation in an ils, the difference in depth of modulation ddm will ?

Increase with displacement above or below the glidepath.

exemple 453 Increase with displacement above or below the glidepath.

Question 209-38 : The identification of a dme in combination with a collocated vor is as follows ?

In a period of 40 seconds the dme ident will be heard once on an audio frequency of 1350 hz.

.when identifying a dme station co located with a vor station, the identification signal with the higher tone frequency is the dme which idents approximately every 40 seconds.

Question 209-39 : An aircraft is flying on the 245 radial with a magnetic heading of 250°..on the cdi the crs is set to 060..which cdi shows the correct indications.. err a 062 477 ?

Figure d.

.we are on radial 245°. selected course is 060°... /com en/com062 477.jpg..the aircraft heading is irrelevant. exemple 461 Figure d.

Question 209-40 : An aircraft is flying on the 170 radial with a magnetic heading of 315°..on the cdi the crs is set to 180..which cdi shows the correct indications.. err a 062 478 ?

Figure d.

. /com en/com062 478.jpg.the aircraft heading is irrelevant. the small black triangle shows the direction of the vor. exemple 465 Figure d.


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