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Question 210-1 : One of the tasks of the gps control segment is ? [ Preparation civilian ]
To detect the malfunctioning of satellites.
Question 210-2 : One of the tasks of the gps control segment is ?
To determine and send new ephemeris and new satellite clock error data to the gps satellites.
The control segment comprises. a master control station. ground antenna. monitoring stations..the master control station is responsible for all aspects of the constellation command and control...the main tasks of the control segment are. managing sps performance. navigation data upload. monitoring satellites.
Question 210-3 : For what reason is a mask angle set up in a gps receiver ?
To deny the receiver the use of gps satellites with an elevation less than the mask angle.
.mask angle is that angle above the horizon below which satellites will not provide a usable signal to the receiver...the mask angle is generally set to 5 degrees as a default, although the user is provided with the capability to select other mask angles
Question 210-4 : What is the function of the control segment in gps navstar ?
To ensure the transmitted data of the satellites is controlled and updated from time to time by ground stations.
.the control segment consists of five monitor stations hawaii, kwajalein, ascension island, diego garcia, colorado springs , three ground antennas, ascension island, diego garcia, kwajalein , and a master control station mcs located at schriever afb in colorado. the monitor stations passively track all satellites in view, accumulating ranging data. this information is processed at the mcs to determine satellite orbits and to update each satellite's navigation message. updated information is transmitted to each satellite via the ground antennas..these updates synchronize the atomic clocks on board the satellites to within a few nanoseconds of each other, and adjust the ephemeris of each satellite's internal orbital model. the updates are created by a kalman filter that uses inputs from the ground monitoring stations, space weather information, and various other inputs.
Question 210-5 : The term sbas signifies ?
Satellite based augmentation systems.
. the principle of a sbas to measure on the ground the signal errors transmitted by gnss satellites and transmit differential corrections and integrity messages for navigation satellites.. 2609
Question 210-6 : The term 'gbas' signifies ?
Ground based augmentation systems.
.the gbas ground segment consists of three or four gbas reference receivers that are sited typically on or near an airport property. these reference receivers track the signals from navigation satellites and pass pseudorange measurements and other information relevant to signal health and system performance monitoring to a central processing facility..the central processing facility uses the multiple, redundant observations of the pseudoranges to compute estimates of the pseudorange corrections for each satellite signal observed by the reference receivers..the central processing facility also monitors the signal integrity and computes parameters for each satellite that the user may use to determine the availability of the signal in space for a desired level of service and a given satellite geometry.. 2609.the differential corrections and integrity information are broadcast to the user.
Question 210-7 : The term abas signifies ?
Airborne based augmentation systems.
.from the easa detailed theoretical knowledge syllabus and learning objectives , abas means airborne based augmentation systems.
Question 210-8 : The system capable to measure on ground the signal errors transmitted by gnss satellites and relay the measured errors to the user for correction is ?
Gbas.
.the gbas ground segment consists of three or four gbas reference receivers that are sited typically on or near an airport property. these reference receivers track the signals from navigation satellites and pass pseudorange measurements and other information relevant to signal health and system performance monitoring to a central processing facility..the central processing facility uses the multiple, redundant observations of the pseudoranges to compute estimates of the pseudorange corrections for each satellite signal observed by the reference receivers..the central processing facility also monitors the signal integrity and computes parameters for each satellite that the user may use to determine the availability of the signal in space for a desired level of service and a given satellite geometry.. 2609.the differential corrections and integrity information are broadcast to the user.
Question 210-9 : A sbas satellite based augmentation systems consists of ?
3 elements.
.3 elements ground infrastructure, sbas satellites and sbas airborne receivers.
Question 210-10 : Frequency band of the sbas data link is ?
A signal with the same frequency as gps.
.sbas = same frequency...the frequency band of the data link is identical to that of the gps signals l1 frequency 1575.42 mhz...take care another question asks for the gbas data link frequency band , the answer is vhf band of ils and vor systems.
Question 210-11 : Sbas systems improve the performance position accuracy of gnss/gps receivers by ?
Providing an additional signals coming from the geostationary satellites.
.geostationary sbas satellite based augmentation systems satellites broadcast corrections to the standard data broadcast by gps geo orbital satellites, in order to improve the accuracy of the solution obtained from the raw gps data. the gps solution obtained from the broadcast gps data using a single frequency receiver will typically have an accuracy within about 3 to 5 meters most of the time. using sbas corrections, this accuracy can be improved to around the 1 meter mark in typical operation..corrections are calculated using a network of accurately surveyed ground based monitoring systems, uploaded to the sbas satellites via ground uplink stations, and then broadcast by the sbas satellites on the standard 1575.42mhz gps l1 frequency..current sbas system implementations providing freely available broadcast data are the us wide area augmentation system waas , the european geostationary navigation overlay service egnos and the japanese multi functional satellite based augmentation service msbas..messages are transmitted from satellites as subframe messages in the same way as navigational data is received from standard gps satellites.
Question 210-12 : Egnos european geostationary navigation overlay service is a ?
Satellite based augmentation systems sbas.
.satellite based augmentation systems sbas is sometimes called wide area differential gps wadgps.
Question 210-13 : Sbas messages are broadcast via ?
Geostationary satellites.
Question 210-14 : The system capable to measure on the ground the signal errors transmitted by gnss satellites and transmit differential corrections and integrity messages for navigation satellites is ?
Sbas.
. the principle of a sbas to measure on the ground the signal errors transmitted by gnss satellites and transmit differential corrections and integrity messages for navigation satellites... the principle of a gbas to mesure on ground the signal errors transmitted by gnss satellites and relay the mesured errors to the user for correction.
Question 210-15 : A ground based augmentation system gbas supports all phases of approach, landing, departure and surface operations within an area of coverage of about ?
30 km.
Question 210-16 : Frequency band of the gbas data link is ?
Vhf band of ils and vor systems.
.gbas is sometimes referred to as laas local area augmentation system. laas vhf signal is typically supplied to the aircraft by datalink on the ils/vor frequency band 108 to 118 mhz
Question 210-17 : Gbas ground subsystems provide two services, the precision approach service and the gbas positioning service. the precision approach service provides ?
Deviation guidance for final approach segments.
.gbas ground sub systems are intended to provide a precision approach service and optionally, they may also provide a gbas positioning service..the precision approach service is intended to provide deviation guidance for final approach segments, while the gbas positioning service provides horizontal position information to support two dimensional 2d rnav operations in terminal areas..a ground station at the airport broadcasts locally relevant corrections, integrity parameters and approach data to aircraft in the terminal area in the 108 117.975 mhz band.
Question 210-18 : Gbas ground subsystems provide two services, the precision approach service and the gbas positioning service. the 'gbas' positioning service provides ?
Horizontal position information to support rnav operations in terminal areas.
.a ground based augmentation system gbas is an augmentation system in which the user receives augmentation information directly from a ground based transmitter..gbas is intended to support all types of approach, landing, departure and surface operations and may support en route and terminal operations.
Question 210-19 : Minimum ground based augmentation system gbas plan coverage is ?
15 nm from the landing threshold point within 35° apart the final approach path and 10° apart between 15 and 20 nm.
.a ground based augmentation system gbas is an augmentation system in which the user receives augmentation informationdirectly from a ground based transmitter...annex 10 aeronautical telecommunications.category i precision approach and approach with vertical guidance..the gbas coverage to support each category i precision approach or approach with vertical guidance shall be as follows, except where topographical features dictate and operational requirements permit..a laterally, beginning at 140 m 450 ft each side of the landing threshold point/fictitious threshold point ltp/ftp and projecting out ±35 degrees either side of the final approach path to 28 km 15 nm and ±10 degrees either side of the final approach path to 37 km 20 nm.... 2610
Question 210-20 : The vdb vhf data broadcast broadcasts the gbas signal within its coverage area to avionics in gbas equipped aircraft. the vdb signal provided is ?
Error correction data, integrity data and approach data for one or more runways.
.one ground station can support all the aircraft subsystems within its coverage, providing the aircraft with approach data, corrections and integrity information for gnss satellites in view via a vhf data broadcast vdb.
Question 210-21 : Which statement is correct about the sbas satellite based augmentation systems ?
In an sbas the pseudo range corrections are sent to the users by geostationary satellites.
.a gps based sbas uses satellites to transmit corrections to users. the pseudo range measurements to these geostationary satellites can be made as they also transmit a valid gps navigation message on the gps frequency..sbas station network measures the pseudo range between the ranging source and an sbas receiver at the known locations and provides separate corrections for ranging source ephemeris errors, clock errors and ionospheric errors. the user applies corrections for tropospheric delay.
Question 210-22 : Which statement is correct about glonass/navstar gps/galileo ?
All three systems use time measurement to determine a position.
.they are refering to time measurement, they are not using same frequencies moreover 2 bands for glonass and navstar, 3 bands for galilieo..glonass.each satellite transmits navigation signals on two frequencies of l band, l1 1.6 ghz and l2 1.2 ghz...gps.each satellite broadcasts ranging signals on two uhf frequencies. l1 1575.42 mhz and l2 1227.6 mhz...gallileo.signals will be transmitted in three frequency bands 1164 1215 mhz, 1260 1300 mhz and 1559 1591 mhz 1559 1591 mhz will be shared with gps on a non interference basis.
Question 210-23 : Gps time can be converted to utc by application of the ?
Utc parameters sent in the navigation message.
. utc parameters are factors determining the difference between gps time and utc.
Question 210-24 : Utc parameters is the difference between ?
Gps time and utc.
. utc parameters are factors determining the difference between gps time and utc.
Question 210-25 : Errors in gps satellites orbits are due to ?
The solar wind and gravitation of sun, moon and planets.
.gps satellites are required to follow orbital paths in order to provide accurate timing signals. they are subject to interference in the same way as any other satellite from a number of sources, these including solar winds plus gravitational effect of other bodies such as the sun, moon and planets.
Question 210-26 : When a gps receiver is using barometric altitude as an augmentation to raim receiver autonomous integrity monitoring ?
The number of satellites to perform raim function may be reduced by one.
.raim receiver autonomous integrity monitoring is technique whereby a receiver processor determines the integrity of the navigation signals...raim is achieved by consistency check among pseudo range measurements, it requires 5 satellites and a 6th is for isolating a faulty satellite from the navigation solution...if gps receiver uses barometric altitude as an augmentation to raim, the number of satellites needed for the receiver to perform the raim function may be reduced by one.
Question 210-27 : Assume that one of the gps/navstar satellites used by the receiver is faulty and that the position dilution of precision pdop has relatively low value when signals of the gps satellites is received including faulty , the raim software in the receiver is ?
Able to detect that one satellite that is faulty and identify which one.
.raim receiver autonomous integrity monitoring is a technique whereby a receiver processor determines the integrity of the navigation signals. raim is achieved by consistency check among pseudo range measurements..the basic raim requires 5 satellites but a 6th is necessary for isolating a faulty satellite from the navigation solution...the position dilution of precision pdop is the geometric effect resulting from satellites being too close together. satellites that appear farther apart in the sky provide a more accurate position solution than ones close together. in the latter case, the position accuracy is degraded in a similar fashion to when position lines from ground based navaids navigational aids are less than 45°. since the ephemeris of each satellite is known by the gps global positioning system receiver, it is possible to calculate which combination of gps satellites provides the best geometry at a given time. this is translated into a figure called the position dilution of precision pdop. since the satellites move across the sky relative to the user, the pdop is always changing. a low pdop is better. a pdop of 4 to 6 is considered good. position solutions calculated when the pdop is from 6 to 10 should be used cautiously because they may have significant error. a pdop that is above 10 indicates unacceptable error.. 2611.the icao international civil aviation organization states that a pdop of less than 6 is required for en route navigation, with a pdop of 3 or less required for nonprecision approaches i.e., not ils types.
Question 210-28 : How long does it take a glonass satellite to orbit the earth ?
11 hours 15 minutes.
. glonass constellation. 24 satellites in three orbital planes with 8 equally displaced by 45° of latitude. a near circular orbit at 19 100 km at an inclination of 64.8° to the equator 20200 km and 55° for gps/navstar satellites. each orbit is completed in 11 hours 15 minutes approximately 12 hours for navstar/gps.
Question 210-29 : Using gps, the primary position information is in the form of ?
Spheres, with the satellites in the centre of the spheres.
Question 210-30 : Which statement about satellite based augmentation system sbas is correct ?
The use of sbas improves both the accuracy and the integrity of the position of the user.
. the principle of a sbas to measure on the ground the signal errors transmitted by gnss satellites and transmit differential corrections and integrity messages for navigation satellites.
Question 210-31 : Which of the following is not improved by the application of differential gps ?
Multi path effects.
Question 210-32 : In egnos and waas systems the correction for an aeroplane's gnss receiver are broadcast ?
Via geostationary satellite.
.the geostationary satellite receives the data and transmits it on a broadcast to all users receivers. the broadcast is on the gps l1 frequency, modulated with a c/a code that is of the same category as the gps c/a codes uses the same time basis. this can be used to augment the signals from the navigation satellites.
Question 210-33 : Which of the following statements about the accuracy that can be obtained with the laas local area augmentation system of the satellite navigation system navstar gps is correct ?
The closer the receiver is to a laas ground reference station, the more accurate is the aircraft position fix.
.laas local area augmentation system is sometimes called gbas ground based augmentation systems.
Question 210-34 : Which of the following is the geodesic model used by the glonass system ?
Pz 90.
.glonass constellation. 24 satellites in three orbital planes with 8 equally displaced by 45° of latitude. a near circular orbit at 19 100 km at an inclination of 64.8° to the equator 20200 km and 55° for gps/navstar satellites. each orbit is completed in 11 hours 15 minutes approximately 12 hours for navstar/gps.. the datum used is pz 90 earth centred earth fixed.
Question 210-35 : At what approximate height above the wgs 84 ellipsoid are glonass satellites circling the earth ?
19100 km.
.glonass constellation. 24 satellites in three orbital planes with 8 equally displaced by 45° of latitude. a near circular orbit at 19 100 km at an inclination of 64.8° to the equator 20200 km and 55° for gps/navstar satellites. each orbit is completed in 11 hours 15 minutes approximately 12 hours for navstar/gps.. the datum used is pz 90 earth centred earth fixed.
Question 210-36 : What is the difference between satellites used by egnos and those used by gps ?
Egnos satellites are geostationary and gps satellites are not.
Ecqb03, august 2016....egnos consists of 3 geostationary inmarsat satellites which broadcast gps look alike signals uhf...egnos is designed to improve accuracy to 1 2m horizontally and 3 5 m vertically..integrity and safety are improved by alerting users within 6 seconds if a gps malfunction occurs up to 3 hrs gps alone.
Question 210-37 : What are the data elements transmitted by navstar gps satellites.1 offset of the satellite clock from utc.2 ephemeris data.3 health data.4 ionospheric delays.5 solar activity..the combination the regroups all of the correct statements is ?
1, 2, 3, 4.
.the navigation message contains. almanac data. ephemeris. satellite clock correction parameters. utc parameters. ionospheric model. satellite health data
Question 210-38 : One of the advantages of a satellite based augmentation system sbas over a ground based augmentation system gbas is ?
The coverage area of an sbas is much larger than that of a gbas.
. the principle of a sbas to measure on the ground the signal errors transmitted by gnss satellites and transmit differential corrections and integrity messages for navigation satellites... the principle of a gbas to mesure on ground the signal errors transmitted by gnss satellites and relay the mesured errors to the user for correction...the gbas ground segment consists of three or four gbas reference receivers that are sited typically on or near an airport property. these reference receivers track the signals from navigation satellites and pass pseudorange measurements and other information relevant to signal health and system performance monitoring to a central processing facility..the central processing facility uses the multiple, redundant observations of the pseudoranges to compute estimates of the pseudorange corrections for each satellite signal observed by the reference receivers..the central processing facility also monitors the signal integrity and computes parameters for each satellite that the user may use to determine the availability of the signal in space for a desired level of service and a given satellite geometry.. 2609.the differential corrections and integrity information are broadcast to the user...sbas systems improve the performance position accuracy of gps receivers by providing an additional signals coming from the geostationary satellites. the coverage area of an sbas is much larger than that of a gbas.
Question 210-39 : Raim is achieved ?
Within the receiver.
.raim receiver autonomous integrity monitoring is technique whereby a receiver processor determines the integrity of the navigation signals. raim is achieved by consistency check among pseudo range measurements, it requires 5 satellites and a 6th is for isolating a faulty satellite from the navigation solution..if gps receiver uses barometric altitude as an augmentation to raim, the number of satellites needed for the receiver to perform the raim function may be reduced by one.
Question 210-40 : Aaim aircraft autonomous integrity monitoring function is achieved with ?
A gps receiver and on board sensors.
.aaim uses the redundancy of position estimates from multiple sensors, including gnss, to provide integrity performance that is at least equivalent to raim..an example is the use of an inertial navigation system or other navigation sensors as an integrity check on gps data when raim is unavailable but gps positioning information continues to be valid.
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