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Question 23-1 : How many red lights must a pilot see whose aircraft in final approach is following a normal glide path defined by a papi ? [ Support Airworthiness ]

2 red lights

Precision approach path indicator papi consists of four sets of lights in a line perpendicular to the runway usually mounted to the left side of the runway these have a similar purpose to basic visual approach slope indicators but the additional lights serve to show the pilot how far off the glide slope the aircraft is .when the lights show white white red red the aircraft is on the correct glide slope for landing usually 3 0° three red lights white red red red indicate that the aircraft is slightly below glide slope 2 8° while four red lights red red red red indicate that the aircraft is significantly below glide slope 3 5° .most large airports utilize this system although most airports use a papi based on a 3 0° glide slope some airports may use a glide slope as great as 5 0° in order to have proper obstruction clearance . 772 exemple 123 2 red lights.

Question 23-2 : Icao annex 14 visual aids for navigation lights displaced threshold .when a threshold is displaced what colour shall the lights have in approach direction between the beginning of the runway and the displaced threshold ?

Red

Displaced thresholds may be used for taxiing takeoff and landing rollout but not for touchdown .a displaced threshold often exists because obstacles just before the runway runway strength or noise restrictions may make the beginning section of runway unsuitable for landings it is marked with white paint arrows that lead up to the beginning of the landing portion of the runway . example of displaced threshold with red lights between the beginning of the runway and the displaced threshold . 775 exemple 127 Red.

Question 23-3 : Icao annex 14 visual aids for navigation lights papi .when is using the papi and the position of the aircraft is far above the approach slope the pilot will see the following lights ?

All the four units are steady white

Precision approach path indicator papi consists of four sets of lights in a line perpendicular to the runway usually mounted to the left side of the runway these have a similar purpose to basic visual approach slope indicators but the additional lights serve to show the pilot how far off the glide slope the aircraft is .when the lights show white white red red the aircraft is on the correct glide slope for landing usually 3 0° three red lights white red red red indicate that the aircraft is slightly below glide slope 2 8° while four red lights red red red red indicate that the aircraft is significantly below glide slope 3 5° .most large airports utilize this system although most airports use a papi based on a 3 0° glide slope some airports may use a glide slope as great as 5 0° in order to have proper obstruction clearance . 772 exemple 131 All the four units are steady white.

Question 23-4 : Icao annex 14 visual aids for navigation lights .runway edge lights shall consist of at least ?

Fixed lights showing variable white

Img774.runway edge lights shall be fixed lights showing variable white red for displaced threshold and yellow for the final third of the runway lenght exemple 135 Fixed lights showing variable white.

Question 23-5 : The goal of a transverse strip a white line across the width of the runway is to mark ?

A displaced runway threshold

Where a runway threshold is displaced from the extremity of a runway permanently or temporarily a transverse strip should be added to the threshold marking . 759 exemple 139 A displaced runway threshold.

Question 23-6 : In a precision approach category i lighting system the centre line and crossbar lights shall be ?

Fixed lights showing variable white

Icao annex 14 aerodromes volume 1.precision approach category i lighting system.5 3 4 14 characteristics the centre line and crossbar lights of a precision approach category i lighting system shall be fixed lights showing variable white each centre line light position shall consist of either .a a single light source in the innermost 300 m of the centre line two light sources in the central 300 m of the centre lineand three light sources in the outer 300 m of the centre line to provide distance information or.b a barrette . 777 exemple 143 Fixed lights showing variable white.

Question 23-7 : In a precision approach category i lighting system the single two and three light sources on the centre line have a length of ?

300 m

Img778.the single two and three light sources on the centre line have a length of 300 m exemple 147 300 m.

Question 23-8 : In the 'aerodrome reference code' the code element 2 shall identify ?

The aircraft wing span

Icao annex 14 .1 6 1 an aerodrome reference code code number and letter which is selected for aerodrome planning purposes shall be determined in accordance with the characteristics of the aeroplane for which an aerodrome facility is intended . .1 6 2 the aerodrome reference code numbers and letters shall have the meanings assigned to them in table 1 1 . .1 6 3 the code number for element 1 shall be determined from table 1 1 selecting the code number corresponding to the highest value of the aeroplane reference field lengths of the aeroplanes for which the runway is intended .1 6 4 the code letter for element 2 shall be determined from table 1 1 by selecting the code letter which corresponds to the greatest wingspan of the aeroplanes for which the facility is intended . 764 exemple 151 The aircraft wing span.

Question 23-9 : In the 'papi' system the pilot during an approach will see the two units nearest the runway as red and the two units farthest from the runway as white when ?

On or close to the approach slope

Precision approach path indicator papi consists of four sets of lights in a line perpendicular to the runway usually mounted to the left side of the runway these have a similar purpose to basic visual approach slope indicators but the additional lights serve to show the pilot how far off the glide slope the aircraft is .when the lights show white white red red the aircraft is on the correct glide slope for landing usually 3 0° three red lights white red red red indicate that the aircraft is slightly below glide slope 2 8° while four red lights red red red red indicate that the aircraft is significantly below glide slope 3 5° .most large airports utilize this system although most airports use a papi based on a 3 0° glide slope some airports may use a glide slope as great as 5 0° in order to have proper obstruction clearance . 772 exemple 155 On or close to the approach slope.

Question 23-10 : Light signals for aerodrome traffic .a series of red flashes from aerodrome control directed towards an aircraft in flight means ?

Aerodrome unsafe do not land

Icao annex 2 .light signals towards an aircraft in flight . 779.light signals towards an aircraft on the ground . 782 exemple 159 Aerodrome unsafe, do not land.

Question 23-11 : Light signals for aerodrome traffic .a series of red flashes from aerodrome control directed towards an aircraft on ground means ?

Taxi clear of landing area in use

Icao annex 2 .light signals towards an aircraft in flight . 779.light signals towards an aircraft on the ground . 782 exemple 163 Taxi clear of landing area in use.

Question 23-12 : Light signals .a red flare addressed to an aircraft in flight means ?

Notwithstanding any previous instructions do not land for the time being

Icao annex 2 .light signals towards an aircraft in flight . 779.light signals towards an aircraft on the ground . 782 exemple 167 Notwithstanding any previous instructions, do not land for the time being.

Question 23-13 : Taxiway edge lights shall be ?

Blue

Img774 exemple 171 Blue.

Question 23-14 : Visual aids for denoting obstacles.low intensity obstacle lights on fixed objects shall be ?

Fixed red

Icao annex 14 aerodromes volume 1 .chapter 6 visual aids for denoting obstacles. table 6 1 characteristics of obstacle lights exemple 175 Fixed red.

Question 23-15 : Low intensity obstacle lights on mobile objects shall be ?

Flashing red or preferably yellow

Icao annex 14 aerodromes volume 1 .chapter 6 visual aids for denoting obstacles.low intensity obstacle lights on mobile objects shall be flashing lights either red or preferably yellow the flash frequency shall be between 60 and 90 per minute the effective intensity of the flash shall not be less than 40 candelas of red or yellow light . table 6 1 characteristics of obstacle lights exemple 179 Flashing red or preferably yellow.

Question 23-16 : Mandatory instruction signs.information signs other than location signs shall consist of ?

Black inscriptions on yellow background

Icao airport services manual doc 9137 and annex 14 .5 4 3 3 information signs shall include direction signs location signs destination signs runway exit signs runway vacated signs and intersection take off signs .5 4 3 26 an information sign other than a location sign shall consist of an inscription in black on a yellow background .examples . 767 exemple 183 Black inscriptions on yellow background.

Question 23-17 : Runway threshold identification lights are ?

Flashing white lights

Green threshold wing bars are provided at certain aerodromes where there is a need to accentuate the threshold .threshold lights are green and mark the threshold of the runway indicates the start of the available landing distance but threshold identification lights are flashing white they are placed next to the threshold area but off the runway where extra conspicuity is required . 783.simultaneous flashes help the pilot identify the runway in use exemple 187 Flashing white lights.

Question 23-18 : Runway lead in lighting should consist ?

Of group of at least three white lights flashing in sequence towards the runway

Icao annex 14.5 3 7 runway lead in lighting systems.application .a runway lead in lighting system should be provided where it is desired to provide visual guidance along a specific approach path for reasons such as avoiding hazardous terrain or for purposes of noise abatement .location .a runway lead in lighting system should consist of groups of lights positioned so as to define the desired approach path and so that one group may be sighted from the preceding group .the interval between adjacent groups should not exceed approximately 1600 m .runway lead in lighting system should extend from a point as determined by the appropriate authority up to a point where the approach lighting system if provided or the runway or the runway lighting system is in view .characteristics .each group of lights of a runway lead in lighting system should consist of at least three flashing lights in a linear or cluster configuration the system may be augmented by steady burning lights where such lights would assist in identifying the system . 784.the flashing lights should be white and the steady burning lights gaseous discharge lights .where practicable the flashing lights in each group should flash in sequence towards the runway exemple 191 Of group of at least three white lights flashing in sequence towards the runway.

Question 23-19 : Signal from a signalman to an aircraft .a signalman requests the pilot to engage brakes with the following signal ?

Raise arm and hand with fingers extended horizontally in front of body then clench fist

Img705 exemple 195 Raise arm and hand, with fingers extended, horizontally in front of body, then clench fist.

Question 23-20 : Taxiway centre line lights other than an exit taxiway shall be ?

Fixed lights showing green

Img774 exemple 199 Fixed lights showing green.

Question 23-21 : Taxiway edge lights shall be ?

Fixed showing blue

Img774 exemple 203 Fixed showing blue.

Question 23-22 : Abbreviations .the abbreviation papi stands for ?

Precision approach path indicator

Precision approach path indicator papi consists of four sets of lights in a line perpendicular to the runway usually mounted to the left side of the runway these have a similar purpose to basic visual approach slope indicators but the additional lights serve to show the pilot how far off the glide slope the aircraft is .when the lights show white white red red the aircraft is on the correct glide slope for landing usually 3 0° three red lights white red red red indicate that the aircraft is slightly below glide slope 2 8° while four red lights red red red red indicate that the aircraft is significantly below glide slope 3 5° .most large airports utilize this system although most airports use a papi based on a 3 0° glide slope some airports may use a glide slope as great as 5 0° in order to have proper obstruction clearance . 772 exemple 207 Precision approach path indicator.

Question 23-23 : The aerodrome category for rescue and fire fighting is based on ?

The over all length of the longest aeroplane normally using the aerodrome and its maximum fuselage width

Icao annex 14 aerodromes .9 2 5 the aerodrome category shall be determined from table 9 1 and shall be based on the longest aeroplanes normally using the aerodrome and their fuselage width . 786 exemple 211 The over-all length of the longest aeroplane normally using the aerodrome and its maximum fuselage width.

Question 23-24 : The 'aerodrome reference code' is a code composed of two elements which are related to the aeroplane performance characteristics and dimensions these elements are a combination of a number and a letter as in the example under listed ?

2b

Icao annex 14 .1 6 1 an aerodrome reference code code number and letter which is selected for aerodrome planning purposes shall be determined in accordance with the characteristics of the aeroplane for which an aerodrome facility is intended . .1 6 2 the aerodrome reference code numbers and letters shall have the meanings assigned to them in table 1 1 . .1 6 3 the code number for element 1 shall be determined from table 1 1 selecting the code number corresponding to the highest value of the aeroplane reference field lengths of the aeroplanes for which the runway is intended .1 6 4 the code letter for element 2 shall be determined from table 1 1 by selecting the code letter which corresponds to the greatest wingspan of the aeroplanes for which the facility is intended . 764 exemple 215 2b.

Question 23-25 : The movement area of an airport adjacent terrain and buildings or the portions of them with controlled access is called ?

Airside

Annex 17 security chapter 1.definitions .airside the movement area of an airport adjacent terrain and buildings or portions thereof access to which is controlled exemple 219 Airside.

Question 23-26 : The 'papi' shall consist of ?

A wing bar of 4 sharp transition multi lamp or paired units equally spaced

Precision approach path indicator papi consists of four sets of lights in a line perpendicular to the runway usually mounted to the left side of the runway these have a similar purpose to basic visual approach slope indicators but the additional lights serve to show the pilot how far off the glide slope the aircraft is .when the lights show white white red red the aircraft is on the correct glide slope for landing usually 3 0° three red lights white red red red indicate that the aircraft is slightly below glide slope 2 8° while four red lights red red red red indicate that the aircraft is significantly below glide slope 3 5° .most large airports utilize this system although most airports use a papi based on a 3 0° glide slope some airports may use a glide slope as great as 5 0° in order to have proper obstruction clearance . 772 exemple 223 A wing bar of 4 sharp transition multi-lamp or paired units equally spaced.

Question 23-27 : The runway edge lights shall be ?

White

Blue is for the color of the taxiway edges . 774 exemple 227 White.

Question 23-28 : The stopway is a defined rectangular area on the ground at the end of take off run available prepared as a suitable area where ?

An aircraft can be stopped in the case of an abandoned take off

Img788.a stopway must be the same width as the runway and of sufficient load bearing strength to support the aircraft in the event of a rejected take off and clear of any non frangible obstacles exemple 231 An aircraft can be stopped in the case of an abandoned take-off.

Question 23-29 : The white dumb bell with black perpendicular bar indicates that ?

Taxiing need not be confined to the taxiways

Img789.landing and take off prohibited outside runways taxiing authorized outside taxiways exemple 235 Taxiing need not be confined to the taxiways.

Question 23-30 : Declared distances .'toda' take off distance available is ?

The length of the take off run available plus the length of clearway available if provided

Tora take off run available is .the length of runway declared available and suitable for the ground run of an aeroplane taking off .toda take off distance available is .the length of the take off run available plus the length of the clearway if provided . a clearway is an area beyond the paved runway free of obstacles .asda acceleration stop distance available is .the length of the take off run available plus the length of stop way if provided .lda landing distance available is .the length of runway which is declared available and suitable for the ground run of an aeroplane landing . 769 exemple 239 The length of the take-off run available plus the length of clearway available, if provided.

Question 23-31 : Visual aids for denoting obstacles.low intensity obstacle lights on vehicles other than those associated with emergency or security shall be ?

Flashing yellow

Icao annex 14 aerodromes volume 1 .chapter 6 visual aids for denoting obstacles.6 3 25 low intensity obstacle lights displayed on vehicles associated with emergency or security shall be flashing blue and those displayed on other vehicles shall be flashing yellow

Question 23-32 : Visual aids for navigation lights .a precision approach category i lighting system is made of a row of lights on the extended centre line of the runway extending over a distance of ?

900 m from the runway threshold and a 30 m long crossbar at a distance of 300 m from the runway threshold

Img778.the single two and three light sources on the centre line have a length of 300 m exemple 247 900 m from the runway threshold and a 30 m long crossbar at a distance of 300 m from the runway threshold.

Question 23-33 : Visual aids for navigation markings .on an aerodrome equipped with parallel runways the designation number of each runway shall be supplemented as follows ?

In case of two parallel runways by the letter 'l' and 'r' in the sequence from left to right

exemple 251 In case of two parallel runways by the letter 'l' and 'r' in the sequence from left to right.

Question 23-34 : Visual aids for navigation runway end lights .the colour of the fixed unidirectional runway end lights shall be ?

Red

Img790.runway threshold lights shall be fixed unidirectional lights showing green in the direction of approach to the runway .runway edge lights shall be fixed lights showing variable white red for displaced threshold and yellow for the final third of the runway length .runway end lights shall be fixed unidirectional lights showing red in the direction of the runway exemple 255 Red.

Question 23-35 : Visual aids for navigation runway threshold lights .the colour of the fixed unidirectional runway threshold and wing bar lights shall be ?

Green

Img790.runway threshold lights shall be fixed unidirectional lights showing green in the direction of approach to the runway .runway edge lights shall be fixed lights showing variable white red for displaced threshold and yellow for the final third of the runway length exemple 259 Green.

Question 23-36 : Visual ground signals .a double white cross displayed horizontally in the signal area indicates that ?

The aerodrome is being used by gliders and that glider flights are being performed

Img791.glider flights in operation above the aerodrome exemple 263 The aerodrome is being used by gliders and that glider flights are being performed.

Question 23-37 : Visual ground signals .a horizontal white dumb bell with a black bar placed perpendicular to the shaft across each circular portion placed in the signal area indicates that ?

Aircraft are required to land and take off on runways only but other manoeuvres need not be confined to runways or taxiways

Img789.landing and take off prohibited outside runways taxiing authorized outside taxiways exemple 267 Aircraft are required to land and take off on runways only, but other manoeuvres need not be confined to runways or taxiways.

Question 23-38 : Visual ground signals .a right hand arrow of conspicuous colour indicates ?

That turns are to be made to the right before landing and after take off

Img792.right hand traffic circuit exemple 271 That turns are to be made to the right before landing and after take off.

Question 23-39 : What is a 'barrette' ?

Three or more ground lights closely spaced together to appear as a bar of lights

Icao annex 14 aerodromes volume 1 .barrette three or more aeronautical ground lights closely spaced in a transverse line so that from a distance they appear as a short bar of light .example . 793. the white arrows show you three or more ground lights closely spaced together to appear as a bar of lights exemple 275 Three or more ground lights closely spaced together to appear as a bar of lights.

Question 23-40 : What is the length of an approach lighting system of a precision approach runway cat ii ?

900 m

Icao annex 14 aerodromes volume 1 .precision approach category ii and iii lighting system.location .5 3 4 22 the approach lighting system shall consist of a row of lights on the extended centre line of the runway extending wherever possible over a distance of 900 m from the runway threshold exemple 279 900 m.


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