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Question 241-1 : An approach when either part or all of an instrument approach procedure is not completed and the approach is executed with visual reference to the terrain is the definition for… ? [ Question security ]
A visual approach.
A visual approach is an approach when part or all of an instrument approach procedure is omitted and the approach is executed with visual reference to the terrain..a circling approach is the visual phase of an instrument approach, bringing an aircraft into position for landing on a runway which is not suitably located for a straight in approach...easa air ops..annex i definitions for terms used in annexes ii to viii.. 125 ‘visual approach’ means an approach when either part or all of an instrument approach procedure is not completed and the approach is executed with visual reference to the terrain.
Question 241-2 : What is the minimum mass flow per minute to each user that first aid oxygen equipment should be capable of generating at stpd standard temperature and pressure, dry ?
3 litres
This regulation was recently changed sept 2023 from 4 litres to the new answer of 3 litres. please let us know if you see this question in your exam…amc1 cat.ide.a.230 d first aid oxygen ed decision 2021/005/r general a the mass flow of oxygen should be in accordance with cs 25.1443 or equivalent.. b the oxygen supply may be calculated by assuming an average flow rate of at least 3 litres standard temperature pressure dry stpd /minute/person, or equivalent, as demonstrated during the certification of the dispensing unit.
Question 241-3 : According to ops regulations, what is the maximum distance from an adequate aerodrome for performance class b or c aeroplanes without etops approvals, when operated for commercial air transport ?
120 minutes at the one engine inoperative cruise speed or 300 nm, whichever is less.
Easa air ops..regulation eu 2019/1387..cat.op.mpa.140 maximum distance from an adequate aerodrome for two engined aeroplanes without an etops approval..a unless approved by the competent authority in accordance with annex v part spa , subpart f, the operator shall not operate a two engined aeroplane over a route that contains a point further from an adequate aerodrome, under standard conditions in still air, than..1 for performance class a aeroplanes with either..i a maximum operational passenger seating configuration mopsc of 20 or more. or..ii a maximum take off mass of 45 360 kg or more,..the distance flown in 60 minutes at the one engine inoperative oei cruising speed determined in accordance with b...2 for performance class a aeroplanes with..i an mopsc of 19 or less. and..ii a maximum take off mass less than 45 360 kg,..the distance flown in 120 minutes or, subject to approval by the competent authority, up to 180 minutes for turbo jet aeroplanes, at the oei cruise speed determined in accordance with b...3 for performance class b or c aeroplanes..i the distance flown in 120 minutes at the oei cruise speed determined in accordance with b. or..ii 300 nm,..whichever is less.
Question 241-4 : Which of the following need to be taken into account when establishing aerodrome operating minima 1. the type, performance, and handling characteristics of the aircraft.2. the composition, competence, and experience of the flight crew.3. the dimensions and characteristics of the runways / final ?
1, 2, 3, 5 and 6.
Easa air ops..regulation eu no 965/2012..cat.op.mpa.110 aerodrome operating minima.. a the operator shall establish aerodrome operating minima for each departure, destination or alternate aerodrome planned to be used. these minima shall not be lower than those established for such aerodromes by the state in which the aerodrome is located, except when specifically approved by that state. any increment specified by the competent authority shall be added to the minima... b the use of a head up display hud , head up guidance landing system hudls or enhanced vision system evs may allow operations with lower visibilities than the established aerodrome operating minima if approved in accordance with spa.lvo... c when establishing aerodrome operating minima, the operator shall take the following into account.. 1 the type, performance and handling characteristics of the aircraft... 2 the composition, competence and experience of the flight crew... 3 the dimensions and characteristics of the runways/final approach and take off areas fatos that may be selected for use... 4 the adequacy and performance of the available visual and non visual ground aids... 5 the equipment available on the aircraft for the purpose of navigation and/or control of the flight path during the take off, the approach, the flare, the landing, rollout and the missed approach... 6 for the determination of obstacle clearance, the obstacles in the approach, missed approach and the climb out areas necessary for the execution of contingency procedures... 7 the obstacle clearance altitude/height for the instrument approach procedures... 8 the means to determine and report meteorological conditions. and.. 9 the flight technique to be used during the final approach....video explanation
Question 241-5 : Who is responsible for ensuring that cabin crew members are competent to perform their duties ?
The operator, in accordance with the operations manual.
Training and competency checks for staff is the responsibility of the operator. each cabin crew member must... be at least 18 years of age. medically fit, passing a medical exam at regular intervals as required by the authority.. have successfully completed all applicable training and checking and be competent to perform duties specified in the operations manual....additionally, cabin crew members shall only be assigned to duties, and operate, on a particular aircraft if... they are qualified on the type or variant.. comply with any other applicable requirements.. wear the operator’s cabin crew uniform.....easa air ops..regulation eu no 965/2012..annex i definitions for terms used in annexes ii to viii..‘cabin crew member’ means an appropriately qualified crew member, other than a flight crew or technical crew member, who is assigned by an operator to perform duties related to the safety of passengers and flight during operations.
Question 241-6 : Which of the following factors should be considered by the operator when establishing minimum flight altitudes ?
Inaccuracies in the altimeter indications.
A bit of a deep dive into the regulations by the examiner here. as can be seen below in the relevant regulation, inaccuracies of the altimeter is on the list of items that the operator should take into account...establishing minimum flight altitudes concerns terrain clearance. once these are established, then the operator will match their aircraft to the route. at this point the type, performance, drift down characteristics, handling etc of the aircraft is important. this question is however concerned with the initial stage, the establishment of the minimum flight altitude....regulation eu no 965/2012..amc1 cat.op.mpa.145 a establishment of minimum flight altitudes..considerations for establishing minimum flight altitudes.. a the operator should take into account the following factors when establishing minimum flight altitudes.. 1 the accuracy with which the position of the aircraft can be determined... 2 the probable inaccuracies in the indications of the altimeters used... 3 the characteristics of the terrain, such as sudden changes in the elevation, along the routes or in the areas where operations are to be conducted... 4 the probability of encountering unfavourable meteorological conditions, such as severe turbulence and descending air currents. and.. 5 possible inaccuracies in aeronautical charts... b the operator should also consider.. 1 corrections for temperature and pressure variations from standard values... 2 atc requirements. and.. 3 any foreseeable contingencies along the planned route.
Question 241-7 : An elt of any type shall be capable of transmitting… ?
Simultaneously on 121.5 mhz and 406 mhz.
An elt of any type shall be capable of transmitting simultaneously on... vhf 121.5 mhz and. uhf 406 mhz....easa air ops..regulation eu 2015/2338..cat.ide.a.280 emergency locator transmitter elt.. a aeroplanes with an mopsc of more than 19 shall be equipped with at least.. 1 two elts, one of which shall be automatic, or one elt and one aircraft localisation means meeting the requirement of cat. mpa.210, in the case of aeroplanes first issued with an individual cofa after 1 july 2008. or.. 2 one automatic elt or two elts of any type or one aircraft localisation means meeting the requirement of cat. mpa.210, in the case of aeroplanes first issued with an individual cofa on or before 1 july 2008... b aeroplanes with an mopsc of 19 or less shall be equipped with at least.. 1 one automatic elt or one aircraft localisation means meeting the requirement of cat. mpa.210, in the case of aeroplanes first issued with an individual cofa after 1 july 2008. or.. 2 one elt of any type or one aircraft localisation means meeting the requirement of cat. mpa.210, in the case of aeroplanes first issued with an individual cofa on or before 1 july 2008... c an elt of any type shall be capable of transmitting simultaneously on 121,5 mhz and 406 mhz.
Question 241-8 : Aircraft operating under vfr over routes navigated by reference to visual landmarks require radio communication equipment that, under normal radio propagation conditions, allows communication with… ?
Atc from any point in controlled airspace within which flights are intended.
Flying vfr and using visual references, a radio is used for comms with appropriate ground stations,atc stations in controlled airspace,receiving weather infoeasa air ops.regulation eu no 965/2012.cat.ide.a.340 radio equipment for operations under vfr over routes navigated by reference to visual landmarksaeroplanes operated under vfr over routes navigated by reference to visual landmarks shall be equipped with radio communication equipment necessary under normal radio propagation conditions to fulfil the following a communicate with appropriate ground stations.. b communicate with appropriate atc stations from any point in controlled airspace within which flights are intended. and. c receive meteorological information.
Question 241-9 : How many independent radio communication systems are required for ifr operations, or vfr operations over routes that are not navigated by reference to visual landmarks ?
At least two.
Vfr with visual reference to landmarks... 1 radio communication system and a transponder.....ifr or vfr with no visual reference to landmarks... 2 radio communication systems and a transponder....easa air ops..cat.ide.a.345 communication, navigation and surveillance equipment for operations under ifr or under vfr over routes not navigated by reference to visual landmarks.. a aeroplanes operated under ifr or under vfr over routes that cannot be navigated by reference to visual landmarks shall be equipped with radio communication, navigation and surveillance equipment in accordance with the applicable airspace requirements... b radio communication equipment shall include at least two independent radio communication systems necessary under normal operating conditions to communicate with an appropriate ground station from any point on the route, including diversions
Question 241-10 : The european regulation on air operations states that for operations under ifr, or under vfr over routes not navigated by reference to visual landmarks, additional vor or adf systems are required on any route, or part thereof, where navigation is based on these respective signals. if neither of ?
Yes, if safe navigation can be performed with alternative equipment.
If operating under ifr / vfr but not using visual references, essential equipment includes... vor, dme, and adf if needed.. ils or mls if required for approach.. marker beacon if needed.. area navigation equipment if required for the route.. additional dme, vor, or adf systems if the route relies solely on these signals. aircraft can use alternative equipment instead of additional vor/adf systems, as long as it ensures safe navigation. gps would be an example of this.......easa air ops..amc2 cat.ide.a.345 communication and navigation equipment for operations under ifr or under vfr over routes not navigated by reference to visual landmarks..acceptable number and type of communication and navigation equipment.. a an acceptable number and type of communication and navigation equipment is.. 1 one vhf omnidirectional radio range vor receiving system, one automatic direction finder adf system, one distance measuring equipment dme , except that an adf system need not be installed provided that the use of adf is not required in any phase of the planned flight... 2 one instrument landing system ils or microwave landing system mls where ils or mls is required for approach navigation purposes... 3 one marker beacon receiving system where a marker beacon is required for approach navigation purposes... 4 area navigation equipment when area navigation is required for the route being flown e.g. equipment required by part spa... 5 an additional dme system on any route, or part thereof, where navigation is based only on dme signals... 6 an additional vor receiving system on any route, or part thereof, where navigation is based only on vor signals. and.. 7 an additional adf system on any route, or part thereof, where navigation is based only on non directional beacon ndb signals... b aeroplanes may be operated without the navigation equipment specified in 6 and 7 provided they are equipped with alternative equipment. the reliability and the accuracy of alternative equipment should allow safe navigation for the intended route.
Question 241-11 : Consider the european regulation on air operations as applicable to commercial air transport operations. flight time specification schemes shall state the conditions for extensions to the maximum basic daily fdp due to in flight rest. these extensions shall take into account the… ?
Augmentation of the basic flight crew.
Easa air ops..regulation eu no 83/2014..oro.ftl.205 flight duty period fdp.. e maximum daily fdp with the use of extensions due to in flight rest..flight time specification schemes shall specify the conditions for extensions of the maximum basic daily fdp with in flight rest in accordance with the certification specifications applicable to the type of operation, taking into account.. i the number of sectors flown... ii the minimum in flight rest allocated to each crew member... iii the type of in flight rest facilities. and.. iv the augmentation of the basic flight crew..augmented flight crew a flight crew that comprises more than the minimum number required to operate the aeroplane and in which each flight crew member can leave their assigned post and be replaced by another appropriately qualified flight crew member for the purpose of in flight rest.
Question 241-12 : Which combination of options below best describes the factors that need to be taken into account when calculating minimum time routes 1. atc restrictions.2. wind and meteorological conditions.3. straight line distance between departure and destination points.4. danger, restricted, and prohibited ?
1, 2, and 4
When flying between two places, then ideally we would plan the route for the shortest distance by using a great circle. however, every aircraft flying in this way is clearly impracticable for several reasons, in the same way we can't get into our cars and simply drive directly towards our destination..instead, routes are planned using minimum time routes. these build on the great circle and take into account... weather conditions especially the wind. airspace restrictions danger areas etc. air traffic control restrictions avoiding conflict with other traffic...a minimum time route is defined as the track flown between two points which results in the shortest time.
Question 241-13 : Which of the following is the correct definition of 'commercial air transport operation' according to icao annex 6, part i ?
An aircraft operation involving the transport of passengers, cargo or mail for remuneration or hire.
Be careful this asks for the definition of commercial air transport according to icao annex 6, part 1. this is defined below. this definition varies from the easa definition which is covered in other questions......icao annex 6..chapter 1. definitions..commercial air transport operation. an aircraft operation involving the transport of passengers, cargo or mail for remuneration or hire.
Question 241-14 : In some cases operators may contract out certain activities to other organisations that are neither certified nor authorised to carry out such activity. when this occurs, in accordance with the european regulations on air operations, the contracted organisation operates under the approval of… ?
The operator.
A commercial air transport cat operator is a company which holds an approval, granted by an authority. such an operator will have their own staff, acting under their approval...however, an operator may need to use another company to carry out work on their behalf a contractor. for example, consider an airline who do not have their own staff at a remote base and so they may use a handling agent...we have 2 situations to consider in these questions..1. the contractor does not hold their own approval from an authority. no problem, they can still carry out the task, but under the operator's approval...2. the contractor does hold their own approval. now the contractor can carry out the work under their own approval. but the operator must check that the contractor is doing things properly by checking for compliance monitoring, risk management, holds the correct approvals etc...in either case, a written agreement is required between the operator and the contractor. a verbal agreement is insufficient and can't be verified by the authority. more information from the source material below......easa air ops..oro. 205 contracted activities.. a when contracting or purchasing any services or products as a part of its activities, the operator shall ensure all of the following.. 1 that the contracted or purchased services or products comply with the applicable requirements... 2 that any aviation safety hazards associated with contracted or purchased services or products are considered by the operator's management system... b when the certified operator or the spo authorisation holder contracts any part of its activity to an organisation that is not itself certified or authorised in accordance with this part to carry out such activity, the contracted organisation shall work under the approval of the operator. the contracting organisation shall ensure that the competent authority is given access to the contracted organisation, to determine continued compliance with the applicable requirements
Question 241-15 : According to eu air operations regulations, the commander shall provide all documentation that is required to be carried on board. if requested to do so by a person authorised by an authority, within what time period must this documentation be provided ?
A reasonable time.
The commander must provide documentation and records within a reasonable time.. the request for documentation and records must come from an authorized person from an authority.. the operator must grant access to any facility or aircraft at any time.....easa air ops..cat. mpa.190 provision of documentation and records..the commander shall, within a reasonable time of being requested to do so by a person authorised by an authority, provide to that person the documentation required to be carried on board...easa air ops..regulation eu 2018/1975..nco. 135 documents, manuals and information to be carried.. a the following documents, manuals and information shall be carried on each flight as originals or copies unless otherwise specified.. 1 the afm, or equivalent document s... 2 the original certificate of registration... 3 the original certificate of airworthiness cofa... 4 the noise certificate, if applicable... 5 the list of specific approvals, if applicable... 6 the aircraft radio licence, if applicable... 7 the third party liability insurance certificate s... 8 the journey log, or equivalent, for the aircraft... 9 details of the filed ats flight plan, if applicable... 10 current and suitable aeronautical charts for the route area of the proposed flight and all routes along which it is reasonable to expect that the flight may be diverted... 11 procedures and visual signals information for use by intercepting and intercepted aircraft... 12 the mel or cdl, if applicable. and.. 13 any other documentation that may be pertinent to the flight or is required by the states concerned with the flight... b notwithstanding a , on flights.. 1 intending to take off and land at the same aerodrome/operating site. or.. 2 remaining within a distance or area determined by the competent authority, the documents and information in a 2 to a 8 may be retained at the aerodrome or operating site... c the pilot in command shall make available within a reasonable time of being requested to do so by the competent authority, the documentation required to be carried on board.
Question 241-16 : Consider the european regulation on air operations as applicable to commercial air transport operations. a crew member is acclimatised to the time zone where he/she is, and is rostered to start his/her flight duty period fdp at the least restrictive time of day. what is the maximum duration of this ?
13 hours
... find on the attached figure, the maximum duration of this basic daily fdp, which corresponds to 1 2 sectors 13 hours.....easa air ops..regulation eu no 83/2014..oro.ftl.205 flight duty period fdp.. a the operator shall.. 1 define reporting times appropriate to each individual operation taking into account oro.ftl.110 c... 2 establish procedures specifying how the commander shall, in case of special circumstances which could lead to severe fatigue, and after consultation with the crew members concerned, reduce the actual fdp and/or increase the rest period in order to eliminate any detrimental effect on flight safety... b basic maximum daily fdp... 1 the maximum daily fdp without the use of extensions for acclimatised crew members shall be in accordance with the following table
Question 241-17 : According to the european regulations on air operations, who will receive an operational approval for etops the… ?
Operator.
Easa air ops..regulation eu no 965/2012..spa.etops.100 etops..in commercial air transport operations, two engined aeroplanes shall only be operated beyond the threshold distance determined in accordance with cat.op.mpa.140 if the operator has been granted an etops operational approval by the competent authority....regulation eu no 965/2012..spa.etops.105 etops operational approval..to obtain an etops operational approval from the competent authority, the operator shall provide evidence that.. a the aeroplane/engine combination holds an etops type design and reliability approval for the intended operation... b a training programme for the flight crew members and all other operations personnel involved in these operations has been established and the flight crew members and all other operations personnel involved are suitably qualified to conduct the intended operation... c the operator’s organisation and experience are appropriate to support the intended operation... d operating procedures have been established.
Question 241-18 : A non pressurised aeroplane which is fitted with 12 passenger seats is intending to fly in all weather conditions during day and night. does it require an airborne weather radar awr ?
Yes, if thunderstorms are expected.
Easa air ops.regulation eu no 965/2012.cat.ide.a.160 airborne weather detecting equipmentthe following shall be equipped with airborne weather detecting equipment when operated at night or in imc in areas where thunderstorms or other potentially hazardous weather conditions, regarded as detectable with airborne weather detecting equipment, may be expected to exist along the route a pressurised aeroplanes.. b non pressurised aeroplanes with an mctom of more than 5700 kg. and. c non pressurised aeroplanes with an mopsc of more than nine.
Question 241-19 : Which of the following needs approval ?
Required flight equipment.
Easa air ops..cat.ide.a.100 instruments and equipment – general.. a instruments and equipment required by this subpart shall be approved in accordance with the applicable airworthiness requirements except for the following items... . spare fuses.. . . independent portable lights.. . . an accurate time piece.. . . chart holder.. . . first aid kits.. . . emergency medical kit.. . . megaphones.. . . survival and signalling equipment.. . . sea anchors and equipment for mooring. and. . . child restraint devices.
Question 241-20 : When calculating approach speeds, the minimum approach speed in the initial approach phase is usually… ?
1.4 1.5 times vs1.
.initial approach speeds are approximately 40 50% higher than vs1, hence 1.4 1.5 vs1.
Question 241-21 : According to ops regulations, the lowest minima to be used by an operator for circling with a category d aeroplane is a meteorological visibility of… ?
3600 m
Easa air ops..amc7 cat.op.mpa.110 aerodrome operating minima..circling operations — aeroplanes.. 3 the minimum visibility for circling should be the highest of.. i the circling visibility for the aeroplane category, if published... ii the minimum visibility derived from table 7. or.. iii the rvr/cmv derived from tables 5 and 6.a for the preceding instrument approach procedure...table 7 circling — aeroplanes mdh and minimum visibility vs aeroplane category... . . . aeroplane category. . . . a. b. c. d. . . mdh ft. 400. 500. 600. 700. . . minimum meteorological visibility m. 1500. 1600. 2400. 3600
Question 241-22 : In accordance with ops regulations, the cockpit voice recorder, when required, must start to record automatically… ?
Prior to the aeroplane moving under its own power until the termination of the flight when the aeroplane is no longer capable of moving under its own power.
Easa air ops..regulation eu 2019/1387..cat.ide.a.185 cockpit voice recorder.. f the cvr shall start to record prior to the aeroplane moving under its own power and shall continue to record until the termination of the flight when the aeroplane is no longer capable of moving under its own power. in addition, in the case of aeroplanes issued with an individual cofa on or after 1 april 1998, the cvr shall start automatically to record prior to the aeroplane moving under its own power and continue to record until the termination of the flight when the aeroplane is no longer capable of moving under its own power... g in addition to f , depending on the availability of electrical power, the cvr shall start to record as early as possible during the cockpit checks prior to engine start at the beginning of the flight until the cockpit checks immediately following engine shutdown at the end of the flight, in the case of.. 1 aeroplanes referred to in a 1 and issued with an individual cofa on or after 1 april 1998. or.. 2 aeroplanes referred to in a 2.
Question 241-23 : In accordance with the ops regulations, a single deck aeroplane, equipped with an approved seating capacity of 71 seats and carrying passengers, must be equipped with at least… ?
1 megaphone.
Easa air ops. regulation eu no 965/2012. cat.ide.a.270 megaphonesaeroplanes with a mopsc of more than 60 and carrying at least one passenger shall be equipped with the following quantities of portable battery powered megaphones readily accessible for use by crew members during an emergency evacuation for each passenger deck table 1 – number of megaphones passenger seating configuration number of megaphones 61 to 99 1 100 or more 2 for aeroplanes with more than one passenger deck, in all cases when the total passenger seating configuration is more than 60, at least one megaphone.
Question 241-24 : In accordance with ops regulations and with the exception of amphibians and seaplanes, the carriage of a life jacket for each person on board is compulsory when the aeroplane is.1. cruising at such a distance from the shore that it would not be able to return in the case of an engine failure.2. is ?
2, 3
Looking at the answer options..1. cruising at such a distance from the shore that it would not be able to return in the case of an engine failure. > incorrect. an engine failure except for a single engined aircraft should not preclude a return to the shore. imagine an a350 how far out over the water would it need to be where it becomes impossible to return to the coast following an engine failure...2. is flying over water at a distance from the shore of more than 50 nm. > correct...3. is using departure and arrival paths over water when a ditching probability exists. > correct...4. is flying over a stretch of water at more than 40 nm off shore. > incorrect. the magic number to put into your memory is 50 nm....easa air ops..regulation eu 2019/1384..cat.ide.a.285 flight over water.. a the following aeroplanes shall be equipped with a life jacket for each person on board or equivalent flotation device for each person on board younger than 24 months, stowed in a position that is readily accessible from the seat or berth of the person for whose use it is provided.. 1 landplanes operated over water at a distance of more than 50 nm from the shore or taking off or landing at an aerodrome where the take off or approach path is so disposed over water that there would be a likelihood of a ditching. and.. 2 seaplanes operated over water.
Question 241-25 : According to ops regulations, the minimum number of crash axes or crowbars on board an aeroplane, whose maximum approved passenger seating configuration is more than 200, is… ?
2
Easa air ops.cat.ide.a.255 crash axe and crowbar a aeroplanes with an mctom of more than 5700 kg or with an mopsc of more than nine shall be equipped with at least one crash axe or crowbar located in the flight crew compartment.. b in the case of aeroplanes with an mopsc of more than 200, an additional crash axe or crowbar shall be installed in or near the rearmost galley area.. c crash axes and crowbars located in the passenger compartment shall not be visible to passengers.
Question 241-26 : According to ops regulations, when a flight data recorder is required, it must start automatically to record the data… ?
Prior to the aircraft being capable of moving under its own power.
Easa air ops..regulation eu 2015/2338..cat.ide.a.190 flight data recorder.. d the fdr shall start to record the data prior to the aeroplane being capable of moving under its own power and shall stop after the aeroplane is incapable of moving under its own power. in addition, in the case of aeroplanes issued with an individual cofa on or after 1 april 1998, the fdr shall start automatically to record the data prior to the aeroplane being capable of moving under its own power and shall stop automatically after the aeroplane is incapable of moving under its own power.
Question 241-27 : According to icao annex 6, the departure aerodrome of a flight may also be used as a… ?
Destination alternate aerodrome or an en route alternate aerodrome.
Icao annex 6..operation of aircraft..part i..chapter 1. definitions..take off alternate...an alternate aerodrome at which an aircraft can land should this become necessary shortly after take off and it is not possible to use the aerodrome of departure...destination alternate...an alternate aerodrome to which an aircraft may proceed should it become either impossible or inadvisable to land at the aerodrome of intended landing...note. the aerodrome from which a flight departs may also be an en route or a destination alternate for that flight.
Question 241-28 : The standards and recommended practices contained in icao annex 6, part i, are applicable to… ?
The operation of aeroplanes by operators authorised to conduct international commercial air transport operations.
Icao annex 6 operation of aircraft is in 4 parts and covers many aspects of aircraft operations, including flight operations, aircraft equipment, and flight crew..part i international commercial air transport aeroplanes....part ii international general aviation aeroplanes....part iii international operations helicopters....part iv international operations remotely piloted aircraft systems
Question 241-29 : The coverage angle of the red navigation / position light is... ?
110°
.icao annex 6.appendix 1..2. navigation lights to be displayed in the airas illustrate in the attached figure, the following unobstructed navigation lights shall be displayed a a red light projected above and below the horizontal plane through angle of coverage l 110°..b a green light projected above and below the horizontal plane through angle of coverage r 110°..c a white light projected above and below the horizontal plane rearward through angle of coverage a 140°.
Question 241-30 : An eu operator, seeking approval for the purpose of transporting passengers, cargo, and mail for remuneration, who additionally intends to carry dangerous goods, must comply with the requirements of… ?
Annex iii part oro , annex iv part cat , and relevant provisions of annex v part spa of commission regulation eu no 965/2012.
.easa air ops is split into 8 annexes which are basically easa explaining how other entities are to do their work...i definitions essentially a dictionary.ii aro requirements for the national authorities.iii oro how an operator is organised, management structure, safety management etciv cat how an operator carriers out commercial air transport, ie. the carrying of passengers and freight.v spa specific approvals for etops, dangerous goods, low visibility operations etcvi ncc non commercial with complex aircraft, operating private jets etc.vii nco non commercial with non complex aircraft, operating a piper warrior for examplevii spa specialised operations for aerial work, such as pollution spraying, banner towing, crop spraying etc.for a commercial airline, annexes iii, iv and v are the most relevant. if the operator plans on carrying dangerous goods dg then all 3 annexes contain relevant information to obtain this approval.note sometimes the question simply mixes up the annexes, for example giving annex iii as aro instead of oro. knowledge of the annexes as shown above will enable you to avoid these mistakes.full details on easa air ops air operations reg. eu no 965/2012 here.annex ii – part aro authority requirements for air operationssubpart gen – general requirementssubpart ops – air operationssubpart ramp – ramp inspectionsannex iii – part oro organisation requirements for air operationssubpart gen – general requirementssubpart aoc – air operator certificationsubpart dec – declarationsubpart fc – flight crewsubpart spo – commercial specialised operationssubpart mlr – manuals, logs and recordssubpart sec – securitysubpart cc – cabin crewsubpart tc – technical crewsubpart ftl – flight and duty time limitationsannex iv – part cat commercial air transport operationssubpart a – general requirements gen subpart b – operating procedures op subpart c – aircraft performance and operating limitations pol subpart d – instruments, data and equipment ide annex v – part spa operations requiring specific approvalssubpart a – general requirements gen subpart b – pbnsubpart c – mnpssubpart d – rvsmsubpart e – lvosubpart f – etopssubpart g – dgsubpart h – nvissubpart i – hhosubpart j – hems asubpart k – hofosubpart l – set imcsubpart m – efbannex vi – part ncc non commercial operations with complex motor powered aircraftsubpart a – general requirements gen subpart b – operating procedures op subpart c – aircraft performance and operating limitations pol subpart d – instruments, data and equipment ide annex vii – part nco non commercial operations with other than complex motor powered aircraftsubpart a – general requirements gen subpart b – operating procedures op subpart c – aircraft performance and operating limitations pol subpart d – instruments, data and equipment ide subpart e – specific requirements spec annex viii – part spo specialised operationssubpart a – general requirements gen subpart b – operational procedures op subpart c – aircraft performance and operating limitations pol subpart d – instruments, data and equipment ide subpart e – specific requirements spec
Question 241-31 : An operator is carrying out commercial air transport with aeroplanes and helicopters, including low visibility operations. which annexes of the european regulations on air operations contain the requirements applicable to this operator ?
Annexes i, iii part oro , iv part cat and v part spa.
.easa air ops is split into 8 annexes which are basically easa explaining how other entities are to do their work...i definitions essentially a dictionary.ii aro requirements for the national authorities.iii oro how an operator is organised, management structure, safety management etciv cat how an operator carriers out commercial air transport, ie. the carrying of passengers and freight.v spa specific approvals for etops, dangerous goods, low visibility operations etcvi ncc non commercial with complex aircraft, operating private jets etc.vii nco non commercial with non complex aircraft, operating a piper warrior for exampleviii spo specialised operations for aerial work, such as pollution spraying, banner towing, crop spraying etc.for a commercial airline, annexes iii, iv and v are the most relevant. if the operator plans on carrying out low visibility operations lvo's then all 3 annexes contain relevant information to obtain this approval.note sometimes the question simply mixes up the annexes, for example giving annex iii as aro instead of oro. knowledge of the annexes as shown above will enable you to avoid these mistakes.easa air ops.air operations reg. eu no 965/2012.annex ii – part aro authority requirements for air operationssubpart gen – general requirementssubpart ops – air operationssubpart ramp – ramp inspectionsannex iii – part oro organisation requirements for air operationssubpart gen – general requirementssubpart aoc – air operator certificationsubpart dec – declarationsubpart fc – flight crewsubpart spo – commercial specialised operationssubpart mlr – manuals, logs and recordssubpart sec – securitysubpart cc – cabin crewsubpart tc – technical crewsubpart ftl – flight and duty time limitationsannex iv – part cat commercial air transport operationssubpart a – general requirements gen subpart b – operating procedures op subpart c – aircraft performance and operating limitations pol subpart d – instruments, data and equipment ide annex v – part spa operations requiring specific approvalssubpart a – general requirements gen subpart b – pbnsubpart c – mnpssubpart d – rvsmsubpart e – lvosubpart f – etopssubpart g – dgsubpart h – nvissubpart i – hhosubpart j – hems asubpart k – hofosubpart l – set imcsubpart m – efbannex vi – part ncc non commercial operations with complex motor powered aircraftsubpart a – general requirements gen subpart b – operating procedures op subpart c – aircraft performance and operating limitations pol subpart d – instruments, data and equipment ide annex vii – part nco non commercial operations with other than complex motor powered aircraftsubpart a – general requirements gen subpart b – operating procedures op subpart c – aircraft performance and operating limitations pol subpart d – instruments, data and equipment ide subpart e – specific requirements spec annex viii – part spo specialised operationssubpart a – general requirements gen subpart b – operational procedures op subpart c – aircraft performance and operating limitations pol subpart d – instruments, data and equipment ide subpart e – specific requirements spec
Question 241-32 : Under the european regulations on civil aviation, concerning oversight and enforcement, who should conduct investigations, including ramp inspections, to prevent the continuation of an infringement ?
Member states
Commission regulation eu no 965/2012..the european commission,..having regard to the treaty on the functioning of the european union,..having regard to regulation ec no 216/2008 of the european parliament and of the council of 20 february 2008 on common rules in the field of civil aviation and establishing a european aviation safety agency, and repealing council directive 91/670/eec, regulation ec no 1592/2002 and directive 2004/36/ec1 , and in particular articles 8 5 and 10 5 thereof,.. 2 regulation ec no 216/2008 requires that member states, in addition to their oversight of certificates that they have issued, conduct investigations, including ramp inspections, and shall take any measure, including the grounding of aircraft, to prevent the continuation of an infringement.
Question 241-33 : According to the european regulations on air operations, what are the minimum requirements for nomination as a senior cabin crew member ?
Must have one year experience and completed a senior cabin crew member training course as established by the operator.
A senior cabin crew member sccm must have... one years experience as cabin crew. completed a sccm training course. completed the associated check...looking at the answer options..must have one year experience and completed a senior cabin crew member training course as established by the operator > correct. see above...must have 24 months experience and completed a senior cabin crew member training course as established by the operator > incorrect. the requirement is one years experience...must have three years experience and completed a senior cabin crew member training course as established by the operator > incorrect. the requirement is one years experience...must have 16 months experience and completed a senior cabin crew member training course as established by the operator > incorrect. the requirement is one years experience....easa air ops..regulation eu no 965/2012..oro.cc.200 senior cabin crew member.. a when more than one cabin crew member is required, the composition of the cabin crew shall include a senior cabin crew member nominated by the operator... b the operator shall nominate cabin crew members to the position of senior cabin crew member only if they.. 1 have at least one year of experience as operating cabin crew member. and.. 2 have successfully completed a senior cabin crew training course and the associated check... c the senior cabin crew training course shall cover all duties and responsibilities of senior cabin crew members and shall include at least the following elements.. 1 pre flight briefing... 2 cooperation with the crew... 3 review of operator requirements and legal requirements... 4 accident and incident reporting... 5 human factors and crew resource management crm. and.. 6 flight and duty time limitations and rest requirements... d the senior cabin crew member shall be responsible to the commander for the conduct and coordination of normal and emergency procedures specified in the operations manual, including for discontinuing non safety related duties for safety or security purposes... e the operator shall establish procedures to select the most appropriately qualified cabin crew member to act as senior cabin crew member if the nominated senior cabin crew member becomes unable to operate. changes to these procedures shall be notified to the competent authority.
Question 241-34 : According to the eu regulation on air operations, an operator has to ensure that all crew members can communicate with each other in… ?
A common language.
By using a common language, the operator is ensuring that all staff involved in the operation of aircraft can communicate effectively for... pre flight briefings etc. during flight. post flight debriefings etc...the common language does not need to be english. certainly major european carriers use their native language, such as iberia or air france....easa air ops..regulation eu no 965/2012..cat. mpa.120 common language..the operator shall ensure that all crew members can communicate with each other in a common language.
Question 241-35 : The co pilot is the pilot flying pf during an approach to an unfamiliar aerodrome. weather conditions are vmc. while joining the final approach segment the ground proximity warning system..sounds. the co pilot, as the pf of the aircraft, should… ?
Take immediate corrective action to establish safe flight conditions.
The ground proximity warning system gpws provides warnings when the aircraft is unsafe in relation to the ground. a good rule is... warning always immediate action.. caution requires attention.....easa air ops..regulation eu no 965/2012..cat.op.mpa.290 ground proximity detection..when undue proximity to the ground is detected by a flight crew member or by a ground proximity warning system, the pilot flying shall take corrective action immediately to establish safe flight conditions.
Question 241-36 : Which of the items listed below provide the basis for fuel policy planning, according to the european regulation on air operations..1. procedures contained in the operations manual..2. the type of fuel used..3. fuel consumption data..4. anticipated masses..5. data provided by the competent authority ?
1,3, and 4
Looking at the answer options 1. procedures contained in the operations manual > correct. as listed below in the relevant regulation and includes data from both the manufacturer and actual data being monitored at the airline. 2. the type of fuel used > incorrect. not a factor in fuel policy. 3. fuel consumption data > correct. airlines monitor their aircraft's actual fuel burns. 4. anticipated masses > correct. the fuel policy will take into account the expected masses that the route will carry as the heavier an aircraft will be, the more fuel is required. expected weather conditions for the route are also considered. 5. data provided by the competent authority > incorrect. the data comes from the manufacturer and also the operator's own monitoring data.easa air ops.regulation eu no 965/2012.cat.op.mpa.150 fuel policy a the operator shall establish a fuel policy for the purpose of flight planning and in flight re planning to ensure that every flight carries sufficient fuel for the planned operation and reserves to cover deviations from the planned operation. the fuel policy and any change to it require prior approval by the competent authority. b the operator shall ensure that the planning of flights is based upon at least 1 procedures contained in the operations manual and i data provided by the aircraft manufacturer. or. ii current aircraft specific data derived from a fuel consumption monitoring system. and 2 the operating conditions under which the flight is to be conducted including i aircraft fuel consumption data.. ii anticipated masses.. iii expected meteorological conditions. and. iv air navigation services provider s procedures and restrictions.
Question 241-37 : According to ops regulations, a category i operation is a precision instrument approach and landing with a decision height dh and with a runway visual range rvr not less than… ?
200 ft / 550 m
Easa air ops..annex i definitions for terms used in annexes ii to viii.. 13 ‘category i cat i approach operation’ means a precision instrument approach and landing using an instrument landing system ils , microwave landing system mls , gls ground based augmented global navigation satellite system gnss/gbas landing system , precision approach radar par or gnss using a satellite based augmentation system sbas with a decision height dh not lower than 200 ft and with a runway visual range rvr not less than 550 m for aeroplanes and 500 m for helicopters... 14 ‘category ii cat ii operation’ means a precision instrument approach and landing operation using ils or mls with.. a dh below 200 ft but not lower than 100 ft. and.. b rvr of not less than 300 m... 15 ‘category iiia cat iiia operation’ means a precision instrument approach and landing operation using ils or mls with.. a dh lower than 100 ft. and.. b rvr not less than 200 m... 16 ‘category iiib cat iiib operation’ means a precision instrument approach and landing operation using ils or mls with.. a dh lower than 100 ft, or no dh. and.. b rvr lower than 200 m but not less than 75 m...... . . . category. . . decision height dh. . . runway visual range. . . . . cat i. . . 200 ft or higher. . . 550 m. . . . . cat ii. . . < 200 ft but not lower than 100 ft. . . 300 m. . . . . cat iiia. . . < 100 ft. . . 200 m. . . . . cat iiib. . . no dh. . . 75 m icao sarps – 50 m
Question 241-38 : For an operator approved under the eu regulation on air operations, when conducting low visibility operations cat ii, ots cat ii, or cat iii , all height call outs shall be determined by a radio altimeter for heights below… ?
200 feet above the aerodrome threshold elevation.
Easa air ops..spa.lvo.110 general operating requirements.. a the operator shall only conduct lts cat i operations if.. 1 each aircraft concerned is certified for operations to conduct cat ii operations. and.. 2 the approach is flown.. i auto coupled to an auto land that needs to be approved for cat iiia operations. or.. ii using an approved head up display landing system hudls to at least 150 ft above the threshold... b the operator shall only conduct cat ii, ots cat ii or cat iii operations if.. 1 each aircraft concerned is certified for operations with a decision height dh below 200 ft, or no dh, and equipped in accordance with the applicable airworthiness requirements... 2 a system for recording approach and/or automatic landing success and failure is established and maintained to monitor the overall safety of the operation... 3 the dh is determined by means of a radio altimeter... 4 the flight crew consists of at least two pilots... 5 all height call outs below 200 ft above the aerodrome threshold elevation are determined by a radio altimeter.
Question 241-39 : Prior to commencing a low visibility approach, the commander of the flight must be satisfied that… ?
Appropriate low visibility procedures lvps are in force, according to information received from air traffic services ats.
Easa air ops..regulation eu no 965/2012..spa.lvo.125 operating procedures.. a the operator shall establish procedures and instructions to be used for lvos. these procedures and instructions shall be included in the operations manual or procedures manual and contain the duties of flight crew members during taxiing, take off, approach, flare, landing, rollout and missed approach operations, as appropriate... b prior to commencing an lvo, the pilot in command/commander shall be satisfied that.. 1 the status of the visual and non visual facilities is sufficient... 2 appropriate lvps are in force according to information received from air traffic services ats... 3 flight crew members are properly qualified.
Question 241-40 : The minimum flight visibility required by the standardised european rules of the air for a special vfr flight is… ?
1500 m.
Sera.5010 special vfr in control zonesspecial vfr flights may be authorised to operate within a control zone, subject to an atc clearance. except when permitted by the competent authority for helicopters in special cases such as, but not limited to, police, medical, search and rescue operations and fire fighting flights, the following additional conditions shall be applied a such special vfr flights may be conducted during day only, unless otherwise permitted by the competent authority. b by the pilot 1 clear of cloud and with the surface in sight.. 2 the flight visibility is not less than 1500 m or, for helicopters, not less than 800 m.. 3 fly at a speed of 140 kts ias or less to give adequate opportunity to observe other traffic and any obstacles in time to avoid a collision. and c an air traffic control unit shall not issue a special vfr clearance to aircraft to take off or land at an aerodrome within a control zone, or enter the aerodrome traffic zone or aerodrome traffic circuit when the reported meteorological conditions at that aerodrome are below the following minima 1 the ground visibility is less than 1500 m or, for helicopters, less than 800 m.. 2 the ceiling is less than 180 m 600 ft.
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