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Question 25-1 : What is the main purpose of a rapid exit taxiway ? [ Aptitude Licence ]
It minimises the runway occupancy time of landing aircraft
Question 25-2 : For the aeroplane for which the taxiway is intended the taxiway designer assumes that on a taxiway curve the… ?
Cockpit of the aeroplane will remain over the taxiway centre line markings.
Refer to figurewhen the taxiway is designed the designer assumes that planes will be manouvred in such a way that the cockpit stays above the centre line markings of the taxiway this allows the designer to make the corners wide enough to allow for the movement of the correct sized aircrafts some aircraft with very long wheel bases will 'cut the corners' with their outermost inside main landing gear so the design of the taxiways must accomodate thisthis does make taxiing a large aircraft much easier for the pilots who simply have to keep themselves sat on the centre lineWidth of the taxiway is decreased on the inner curve. width of the taxiway is increased on the outer curve. pilot will oversteer and the cockpit will not follow the centre-line markings.
Question 25-3 : A precision approach category i lighting system shall consist of a row of lights on the extended runway centre line over a distance… ?
900 m with a row of lights forming a crossbar 30 m in length at a distance of 300 m from the runway threshold.
Refer to figureprecision approach cat i lightingit consists of a row of lights on the extended centre line of the runwayit extends to 900 m from the threshold wherever possible the crossbar is at a distance of 300 m from the thresholdthe crossbar length is 30 mthe lights forming the crossbar must be in a horizontal straight lineat right angles to the line of the centre line lightsbisected by the line of the centre line lightscrossbar lights spacing should be so as to produce a linear effectgaps kept to minimum and not exceeding 6 m may be left on each side of the centre linecentre line lights should be spaced at 30 m intervalsinnermost light at 30 m from the thresholdthe system must lie as nearly as practicable in the horizontal plane passing through the threshold provided that300 m with a row of lights forming a crossbar 30 m in length at a distance of 150 m from the runway threshold. 1200 m with a row of lights forming a crossbar 30 m in length at a distance of 420 m from the runway threshold. 600 m with a row of lights forming a crossbar 30 m in length at a distance of 300 m from the runway threshold.
Question 25-4 : The length of an approach lighting system for a precision approach runway cat ii is… ?
900 m.
Refer to figureicao annex 14 precision approach category ii and iii lighting system location53422 the approach lighting system shall consist of a row of lights on the extended centre line of the runway extending wherever possible over a distance of 900 m from the runway threshold in addition the system shall have two side rows of lights extending 270 m from the threshold and two crossbars one at 150 m and one at 300 m from the threshold all as shown in figure 5 14 where the serviceability level of the approach lights specified as maintenance objectives in 1057 can be demonstrated the system may have two side rows of lights extending 240 m from the threshold and two crossbars one at 150 m and one at 300 m from the threshold all as shown in figure 5 15150 m. 300 m. 600 m.
Question 25-5 : Visual aids for navigation – runway end lights – the colour of the fixed unidirectional runway end lights shall be… ?
Red.
Refer to figureicao annex 14 chapter 5 visual aids for navigation 5311 runway end lightscharacteristics 53114 runway end lights shall be fixed unidirectional lights showing red in the direction of the runway the intensity and beam spread of the lights shall be adequate for the conditions of visibility and ambient light in which use of the runway is intendedWhite. green. yellow.
Question 25-6 : Mandatory instructions signs on an aerodrome shall consist of inscriptions in… ?
White on a red background.
Refer to figureicao annex 14 5216 mandatory instruction markingapplication 52161 where it is impracticable to install a mandatory instruction sign in accordance with 5421 a mandatory instruction marking shall be provided on the surface of the pavementcharacteristics 52166 a mandatory instruction marking shall consist of an inscription in white on a red background except for a no entry marking the inscription shall provide information identical to that of the associated mandatory instruction sign52167 a no entry marking shall consist of an inscription in white reading no entry on a red background52168 where there is insufficient contrast between the marking and the pavement surface the mandatory instruction marking shall include an appropriate border preferably white or black52169 recommendation — the character height should be 4 m for inscriptions where the code letter is c d e or f and 2 m where the code letter is a or b the inscriptions should be in the form and proportions shown in appendix 3521610 recommendation — the background should be rectangular and extend a minimum of 05 m laterally and vertically beyond the extremities of the inscriptionBlack on a yellow background. red on a black background. yellow on a black background.
Question 25-7 : A no entry sign shall be located… ?
At the beginning of the area to which entrance is prohibited on each side of the taxiway.
Refer to figures icao annex 14 542 mandatory instruction signsapplication 5427 a no entry sign shall be provided when entry into an area is prohibitedlocation 54210 a no entry sign shall be located at the beginning of the area to which entrance is prohibited on each side of the taxiway as viewed by the pilot50 m prior to the area to which entrance is prohibited on the left side of the taxiway. 50 m prior to the area to which entrance is prohibited, on each side of the taxiway. at the beginning of the area to which entrance is prohibited on the left side of the taxiway.
Question 25-8 : A pattern b runway holding position marking at an intersection of a taxiway and a precision approach rwy shall be supplemented… ?
With a category i ii or iii holding position sign as appropriate.
Refer to figureicao annex 14542 mandatory instruction signs5423 a pattern a runway holding position marking shall be supplemented at a taxiwayrunway intersection or a runwayrunway intersection with a runway designation sign5424 a pattern b runway holding position marking shall be supplemented with a category i ii or iii holding position signWith a category ii or iii holding position sign, though for cat i runways a sign is not mandatory. with a taxiway designation sign. only with a runway designation sign.
Question 25-9 : Markers located near a runway or taxiway shall be limited in their height in order to… ?
Preserve clearance for propellers and engine pods.
Refer to figure icao annex 14 55 markers 551 general markers shall be frangiblethose located near a runway or taxiway shall be sufficiently low to preserve clearance for propellers and for the engine pods of jet aircraftnote 1 — anchors or chains to prevent markers which have broken from their mounting from blowing away are sometimes usednote 2 — guidance on frangibility of markers is given in the aerodrome design manual doc 9157 part 6Allow for adequate visibility for pilots from the cockpit. preserve clearance for aircraft wings. preserve clearance for aircraft and vehicles.
Question 25-10 : According to icao annex 14 when mobile objects are marked by colour what colour should be used for service vehicles ?
Yellow.
Refer to figureicao annex 14622 mobile objectsmarking6221 all mobile objects to be marked shall be coloured or display flagsmarking by colour 6222 recommendation — when mobile objects are marked by colour a single conspicuous colour preferably red or yellowish green for emergency vehicles and yellow for service vehicles should be usedRed blue green
Question 25-11 : The surface before a runway threshold is paved and exceeds 60 m in length it is not suitable for the normal movement of aircraft what should the entire length before the threshold be marked with ?
By chevrons.
Refer to figureicao annex 14 73 pre threshold area application731 recommendation — when the surface before a threshold is paved and exceeds 60 m in length and is not suitable for normal use by aircraft the entire length before the threshold should be marked with a chevron markinglocation 732 recommendation — a chevron marking should point in the direction of the runway and be placed as shown in figure 7 2characteristics 733 recommendation — a chevron marking should be of conspicuous colour and contrast with the colour used for the runway markings it should preferably be yellow it should have an overall width of at least 09 mBy a white x. by arrows. by a yellow x.
Question 25-12 : An aircraft is moving on the apron what marking is used to warn the pilot that the shoulders of the surface are non load bearing ?
A pair of solid lines in the same colour as the taxiway centre line marking.
Refer to figurenon load bearing surfacesapplication21 shoulders for taxiways runway turn pads holding bays and aprons and other non load bearing surfaces which cannot readily be distinguished from load bearing surfaces and which if used by aircraft might result in damage to the aircraft shall have the boundary between such areas and the load bearing surface marked by a taxi side stripe markingthe marking of runway sides is specified in asd501location22 a taxi side stripe marking should be placed along the edge of the load bearing pavement with the outer edge of the marking approximately on the edge of the load bearing pavementcharacteristics23 a taxi side stripe marking should consist of a pair of solid lines each 15 cm wide and spaced 15 cm apart and the same colour as the taxiway centre line markingOne solid line in the same colour as the runway centre line marking. one solid line in the same colour as the taxiway centre line marking. a pair of solid lines in the same colour as the runway centre line marking.
Question 25-13 : Rescue and fire fighting – the aerodrome category determining the rescue and fire fighting equipment is based on the ?
Overall length of the longest aeroplane normally using the aerodrome and its maximum fuselage width.
Refer to figure icao annex 14although there is some disparity among the member states in the designation of the rffs capacity of a given aerodrome the basic premise for determining the normally declared rffs requirement is the size of the largest aircraft that it is intended to accept in most cases the size determination is based on both the length of the aircraft and the maximum fuselage diameter you can find the example in the figureLength of the longest runway and maximum fuselage mass of the heaviest aeroplane using that aerodrome. overall length of the longest aeroplane using that aerodrome. overall length of the longest aeroplane normally using the aerodrome and its maximum fuselage mass.
Question 25-14 : According to icao annex 14 which of the following is necessary when aircraft refuelling operations take place at the same time as passengers are embarking on board or disembarking ?
Ground equipment shall be positioned so as to allow the use of a sufficient number of exits for expeditious evacuation.
Icao fueling safety96 ground servicing of aircraft962 when aircraft refuelling operations take place while passengers are embarking on board or disembarking ground equipment shall be positioned so as to allow a the use of a sufficient number of exits for expeditious evacuation and b a ready escape route from each of the exits to be used in an emergencyAll exits from the aircraft must be open for an expeditious evacuation in the event of a fire. rescue and fire fighting vehicles must be positioned at the aircraft in order to be available in the event of a fire. rescue and fire fighting vehicles must be manned and at their stations in order to be available in the event of a fire.
Question 25-15 : The declared distances which shall be calculated for each runway direction are the take off run available tora … ?
Take off distance available toda accelerate stop distance available asda and landing distance available lda .
Refer to figurefollowing are the standard declared distances by icao for performance calculationsclearway stopway tora toda asda & ldaclearwayclearway is the area beyond the runway not less than 152m wide centrally located about the extended centerline of the runway and under the control of airport authorities clearway is expressed as a plane extending from the end of runway with up slop not exceeding 125% above which no object or terrain protrudes with exception of threshold lightsstopwaystopway is the area at the end of take off runway no less wide than the runway and centered upon extended centerline of runway and able to support the aeroplane during an aborted take off without causing structural damage to the aeroplanetora take off run available tora is defined as length of runway suitable for normal operations it need not always equal to lda landing distance available tora doesn’t include stopway or clearwaytoda take off distance available toda is the length of runway plus any clearway if available in case no clearway exists toda is same as tora toda includes ground as well as air segmentsasda accelerate stop distance available asda is used for calculation of v1 it is defined as sum of ldatora as applicable and stopway in case take off is aborted the aircraft can be brought to a stop either on the runway or on stopwayasda must not be used as toralda landing distance available lda is the runway length declared available and suitable for landing an airplaneinformation on clearway stopway tora toda asda & lda for different runways can be obtained from aerodrome information publications jepessen charts and rtow charts tora toda asda and lda would be equal if the runway is without a stopway or clearway and also without a displaced thresholdTake-off distance available (toda), and runway length (rl). take-off distance available (toda), accelerate-stop distance available (asda), and runway-end safety area (resa). accelerate-stop distance available (asda), landing distance available (lda), and, if present, length of any displaced thresholds (thr).
Question 25-16 : According to icao annex 14 a simple approach lightining system should consist of a row of lights along the centre line extending from threshold and also a row of lights forming a crossbar what is the minimum distance along the centerline that must be fitted with lights ?
420 m.
Refer to figureicao annex 14 simple approach lighting system location5342 a simple approach lighting system shall consist of a row of lights on the extended centre line of the runway extending whenever possible over a distance of not less than 420 m from the threshold with a row of lights forming a crossbar 18 m or 30 m in length at a distance of 300 m from the threshold300 m 150 m 600 m
Question 25-17 : The two main groups of approach lighting systems are… ?
Simple and precision approach lighting systems.
Refer to figure icao annex 14 534 approach lighting systems simple approach lighting system precision approach category i lighting system precision approach category ii and iii lighting systemPrecision and non-precision approach lighting systems. precision and complex approach lighting systems. simple and complex approach lighting systems.
Question 25-18 : What is meant by the term 'response time' regarding rescue and fire fighting rff at an aerodrome ?
The time between the initial call to the rescue and fire fighting service and the time when the first responding vehicle is in position to apply foam.
Icao annex 1492 rescue and firefightingresponse time 9227 the operational objective of the rescue and firefighting service shall be to achieve a response time not exceeding three minutes to any point of each operational runway in optimum visibility and surface conditions9228 recommendation— the operational objective of the rescue and firefighting service should be to achieve a response time not exceeding two minutes to any point of each operational runway in optimum visibility and surface conditions9229 recommendation— the operational objective of the rescue and firefighting service should be to achieve a response time not exceeding three minutes to any other part of the movement area in optimum visibility and surface conditionsnote 1— response time is considered to be the time between the initial call to the rescue and firefighting service and the time when the first responding vehicle s is are in position to apply foam at a rate of at least 50 percent of the discharge rate specified in table 9 2The time between the initial call to the rescue and fire fighting service, and the time when the first responding vehicle is leaving the station. the time between the initial call to the rescue and fire fighting service, and the time when the first responding vehicle is approaching the scene of accident. the time between the observation of the accident, and the time when the first responding vehicle is approaching the scene of accident.
Question 25-19 : A wind direction indicator shall be located so as to be visible ?
From aircraft in flight or on the movement area.
Icao annex 14chapter 5 visual aids for navigation51 indicators and signalling devices511 wind direction indicatorapplication5111 an aerodrome shall be equipped with at least one wind direction indicatorlocation5112 a wind direction indicator shall be located so as to be visible from aircraft in flight or on the movement area and in such a way as to be free from the effects of air disturbances caused by nearby objectsFrom the meteorological watch office. from the flight information centre. from aircraft in flight and from the aerodrome control tower.
Question 25-20 : Where is an intermediate holding position required ?
An intermediate holding position should be established on a taxiway at any point other than a runway holding position where it is desirable to define a specific holding limit.
Refer to figureicao annex 14intermediate holding position a designated position intended for traffic control at which taxiing aircraft and vehicles shall stop and hold until further cleared to proceed when so instructed by the aerodrome control tower312 holding bays runway holding positions intermediate holding positions and road holding positionsgeneral3124 recommendation— an intermediate holding position should be established on a taxiway at any point other than a runway holding position where it is desirable to define a specific holding limitAn intermediate holding position shall be established at an intersection of a road with a runway. an intermediate holding position should be provided when the traffic density is medium or heavy. an intermediate holding position shall be established at an intersection of a road with a taxiway, runway or road.
Question 25-21 : The aerodrome reference code is a code composed of two elements which are related to the aeroplane performance characteristics and dimensions ?
The first element is a code number related to the aeroplane reference field length the second element is a code letter related to the maximum wing span or maximum outer main gear wheel span.
Refer to figureicao annex 1416 reference code161 an aerodrome reference code — code number and letter — which is selected for aerodrome planning purposes shall be determined in accordance with the characteristics of the aeroplane for which an aerodrome facility is intended162 the aerodrome reference code numbers and letters shall have the meanings assigned to them in table 1 1163 the code number for element 1 shall be determined from table 1 1 column 1 selecting the code number corresponding to the highest value of the aeroplane reference field lengths of the aeroplanes for which the runway is intendednote— the determination of the aeroplane reference field length is solely for the selection of a code number and is not intended to influence the actual runway length provided 164 the code letter for element 2 shall be determined from table 1 1 column 3 by selecting the code letter which corresponds to the greatest wingspan or the greatest outer main gear wheel span whichever gives the more demanding code letter of the aeroplanes for which the facility is intendedThe first element is a code letter related to the maximum aeroplane wing span or maximum outer main gear wheel span. the second element is a code number related to the reference field length. the first element is a code letter related to the aeroplane reference field length. the second element is a code number related to the maximum wing span or maximum outer main gear wheel span. the first element is a code number related to the maximum aeroplane wing span or maximum outer main gear wheel span. the second element is a code letter related to the reference field length.
Question 25-22 : Where operationally necessary an aerodrome beacon shall be provided at an airfield… ?
When the airfield is used for night operations.
Refer to figureicao annex 14533 aeronautical beaconsapplication5331 where operationally necessary an aerodrome beacon or an identification beacon shall be provided at each aerodrome intended for use at night5332 the operational requirement shall be determined having regard to the requirements of the air traffic using the aerodrome the conspicuity of the aerodrome features in relation to its surroundings and the installation of other visual and non visual aids useful in locating the aerodromeWhen the airfield is operating mainly in vmc. when the airfield is operating mainly in imc. when the the airfield is acting as base for sar operations.
Question 25-23 : To minimize damage to aircraft airfield signs shall be ?
Frangible.
Icao annex 14frangible object an object of low mass designed to break distort or yield on impact so as to present the minimum hazard to aircraft54 signscharacteristics 5413 signs shall be frangible those located near a runway or taxiway shall be sufficiently low to preserve clearance for propellers and the engine pods of jet aircraft the installed height of the sign shall not exceed the dimension shown in the appropriate column of table 5 55414 signs shall be rectangular as shown in figures 5 30 and 5 31 with the longer side horizontal5415 the only signs on the movement area utilizing red shall be mandatory instruction signs5416 the inscriptions on a sign shall be in accordance with the provisions of appendix 4Rigid flexible metal
Question 25-24 : What is affected by a displaced threshold of an active runway ?
Lda only asda toda and tora are the same.
Refer to figureicao annex 14declared distancesa take off run available tora the length of runway declared available and suitable for the ground run of an aeroplane taking offb take off distance available toda the length of the take off run available plus the length of the clearway if providedc accelerate stop distance available asda the length of the take off run available plus the length of the stopway if providedd landing distance available lda the length of runway which is declared available and suitable for the ground run of an aeroplane landingtoda = tora + clearwayasda = tora + stopwaylda = declared distance from the landing threshold to the opposite runway threshold or to the opposite displaced threshold if provideda displaced threshold will only affect the lda because you are not allowed to touch down on this part of the runwayToda only. asda, lda and tora are the same. lda and toda. tora, asda not affected. lda, tora, toda, asda not affected.
Question 25-25 : What is the purpose of a red spherical sign 60 cm wide giving the impression that it is floating near an obstacle ?
Indicating high tension lines or cables.
Refer to figure icao annex 14 marking by markers6253 markers displayed on or adjacent to objects shall be located in conspicuous positions so as to retain the general definition of the object and shall be recognizable in clear weather from a distance of at least 1000 m for an object to be viewed from the air and 300 m for an object to be viewed from the ground in all directions in which an aircraft is likely to approach the object the shape of markers shall be distinctive to the extent necessary to ensure that they are not mistaken for markers employed to convey other information and they shall be such that the hazard presented by the object they mark is not increased6254 recommendation— a marker displayed on an overhead wire cable etc should be spherical and have a diameter of not less than 60 cm6256 recommendation— a marker should be of one colour when installed white and red or white and orange markers should be displayed alternately the colour selected should contrast with the background against which it will be seenIndicate a dangerous area close to the airport. parachutists at the airfield. indicate a high object with a small surface area.
Question 25-26 : Holding bays are necessary when the traffic is 1 and they need to be at a specified distance from the runway 2 ?
1 medium heavy 2 centre line.
Refer to figureicao annex 14chapter 3312 holding bays runway holding positions intermediate holding positions and road holding positionsgeneral 3121 recommendation holding bay s should be provided when the traffic density is medium or heavylocation3126 the distance between a holding bay runway holding position established at a taxiwayrunway intersection or road holding position and the centre line of a runway shall be in accordance with table 3 2 and in the case of a precision approach runway such that a holding aircraft or vehicle will not interfere with the operation of radio navigation aids or penetrate the inner transitional surface(1) medium, heavy; xsx (2) threshold (1) heavy; xsx (2) threshold (1) heavy; xsx (2) centre line
Question 25-27 : What colours are required to be produced by a signalling lamp ?
Green red and white.
Refer to figure icao annex 14 chapter 5 visual aids for navigation 513 signalling lamp characteristics 5132 recommendation a signalling lamp should be capable of producing red green and white signals and of a being aimed manually at any target as required b giving a signal in any one colour followed by a signal in either of the two other colours and c transmitting a message in any one of the three colours by morse code up to a speed of at least four words per minutewhen selecting the green light use should be made of the restricted boundary of green as specified in appendix 1 212White, blue and green red, white and blue blue, green and red
Question 25-28 : Within the first 300 m from the threshold of an approach light system cat i and cat ii there are 2 groups of crossbars what are the corresponding distances from the threshold ?
150 m and 300 m.
Refer to figuresicao annex 14precision approach category i lighting system53419 if the centre line consists of lights as described in 53414 a or 53415 a additional crossbars of lights to the crossbar provided at 300 m from the threshold shall be provided at 150 m 450 m 600 m and 750 m from the threshold precision approach category ii and iii lighting systemlocation53422 the approach lighting system shall consist of a row of lights on the extended centre line of the runway extending wherever possible over a distance of 900 m from the runway threshold in addition the system shall have two side rows of lights extending 270 m from the threshold and two crossbars one at 150 m and one at 300 m from the threshold all as shown in figure 5 14 where the serviceability level of the approach lights specified as maintenance objectives in 1057 can be demonstrated the system may have two side rows of lights extending 240 m from the threshold and two crossbars one at 150 m and one at 300 m from the threshold all as shown in figure 5 15150 m and 200 m 100 m and 300 m 200 m and 300 m
Question 25-29 : What is the shape of the ground symbol that indicates landing direction ?
T.
Refer to figureicao annex 14512 landing direction indicatorlocation5121 where provided a landing direction indicator shall be located in a conspicuous place on the aerodromecharacteristics5122 recommendation the landing direction indicator should be in the form of a 't'5123 the shape and minimum dimensions of a landing 't' shall be as shown in figure 5 1 the colour of the landing 't' shall be either white or orange the choice being dependent on the colour that contrasts best with the background against which the indicator will be viewed where required for use at night the landing 't' shall either be illuminated or outlined by white lightsV l ->
Question 25-30 : Fill in the blanks runway centreline lights shall be fixed lights showing variable 1 from the threshold to the point 900 m from the runway end alternate 2 and variable 3 from 900 m to 300 m from runway end and 4 from 300 m to the runway end ?
1 white 2 red 3 white 4 red.
Refer to figureicao annex 145312 runway centre line lightscharacteristics53127 runway centre line lights shall be fixed lights showing variable white from the threshold to the point 900 m from the runway end alternate red and variable white from 900 m to 300 m from the runway end and red from 300 m to the runway end except that for runways less than 1800 m in length the alternate red and variable white lights shall extend from the midpoint of the runway usable for landing to 300 m from the runway end(1) white; (2) yellow; (3) white; (4) red. (1) red; (2) red; (3) white; (4) white. (1) green; (2) yellow; (3) white; (4) red.
Question 25-31 : According to icao annex 14 volume 1 aerodrome design and operations which of the following must be frangible 1 fixed objects when marked by markers 2 stopway edge markers 3 taxiway edge markers 4 unpaved runway edge markers ?
2 3 and 4.
A runway strip is defined as an area including the runway and stopway if provided in which obstacles are kept to a minimum it provides an area clear of objects that may endanger aeroplanes any equipment or installation required for air navigation or for aircraft safety purposes and is located in this object free area should be frangible and mounted as low as possibleicao annex 14 55 markersmarkers shall be frangible those located near a runway or taxiway shall be sufficiently low to preserve clearance for propellers and for the engine pods of jet aircraft which makes statement 3 and 4 correctnote if you come across this question in your official exam we would kindly ask that you report it back to us as we are uncertain about the correct option thanks in advance1 and 4 only. 1, 2 and 3. 2 and 4 only.
Question 25-32 : An aircraft is expected to land at 22 30 utc the airport has little traffic when must ground lights be brought into operation ?
21 30 utc at the latest.
Icao doc 4444 715 aeronautical ground lights71522 lights on and in the vicinity of aerodromes that are not intended for en route navigation purposes may be turned off subject to further provisions hereafter if no likelihood of either regular or emergency operation exists provided that they can be again brought into operation at least one hour before the expected arrival of an aircraft21:00 - 23:00 utc 20:30 utc at the latest 20:00 - 23:30 utc
Question 25-33 : Approach lights and crossbars are measured from the… ?
Threshold.
Approach lighting is measured from the thresholdfor example icao annex 14simple approach lighting systemlocation5342 a simple approach lighting system shall consist of a row of lights on the extended centre line of the runway extending whenever possible over a distance of not less than 420 m from the threshold with a row of lights forming a crossbar 18 m or 30 m in length at a distance of 300 m from the thresholdMiddle of the touchdown zone. runway extremity. beginning of the touchdown zone.
Question 25-34 : What shall the code element 2 identify in the 'aerodrome reference code ?
The aircraft wingspan and the outer main gear wheel span.
Refer to figureicao annex 1416 reference code161 an aerodrome reference code — code number and letter — which is selected for aerodrome planning purposes shall be determined in accordance with the characteristics of the aeroplane for which an aerodrome facility is intended162 the aerodrome reference code numbers and letters shall have the meanings assigned to them in table 1 1163 the code number for element 1 shall be determined from table 1 1 column 1 selecting the code number corresponding to the highest value of the aeroplane reference field lengths of the aeroplanes for which the runway is intended164 the code letter for element 2 shall be determined from table 1 1 column 3 by selecting the code letter which corresponds to the greatest wingspan or the greatest outer main gear wheel span whichever gives the more demanding code letter of the aeroplanes for which the facility is intendedThe width of the aircraft wing. the aircraft wingspan only. the length of the aircraft fuselage.
Question 25-35 : When runway centreline lights are installed on a runway with a length of 1800 m or more in the last 300 m segment from the runway end they shall be the following colour… ?
Red.
Refer to figureicao annex 145312 runway centre line lightscharacteristics53127 runway centre line lights shall be fixed lights showing variable white from the threshold to the point 900 m from the runway end alternate red and variable white from 900 m to 300 m from the runway end and red from 300 m to the runway end except that for runways less than 1800 m in length the alternate red and variable white lights shall extend from the midpoint of the runway usable for landing to 300 m from the runway endAlternate red and white. white. green.
Question 25-36 : The pavement classification system acn pcn for an aircraft under 5700 kg… ?
The pavement classification system is not applicable to aircraft under 5700 kg.
Icao annex 14 aircraft classification number acn a number expressing the relative effect of an aircraft on a pavement for a specified standard subgrade category pavement classification number pcn a number expressing the bearing strength of a pavement for unrestricted operationschapter 2 aerodrome data 26 strength of pavements261 the bearing strength of a pavement shall be determined262 the bearing strength of a pavement intended for aircraft of apron ramp mass greater than 5 700 kg shall be made available using the aircraft classification number — pavement classification number acn pcn method by reporting all of the following information a the pavement classification number pcn b pavement type for acn pcn determination c subgrade strength category d maximum allowable tire pressure category or maximum allowable tire pressure value and e evaluation methodnote— if necessary pcns may be published to an accuracy of one tenth of a whole numbera pavement intended for aircraft of apron ramp mass greater than 5 700 kg should have a pcn a number expressing its bearing strength for example pcn 40 f b 080 mpa t that will then be compared with the acn a pavement intended for aircraft of apron ramp mass equal to or less than 5 700 kg does not have a pcn and its bearing strength is made available by reporting the maximum allowable aircraft mass and maximum allowable tire pressure example 4 000 kg050 mpa in this question the only option that makes sense is 'the pavement classification system is not applicable to aircraft under 5700 kg' in q105043 the option 'the maximum allowable aircraft mass and maximum allowable tire pressure' is more appropriate to the question itself we apologize for this tricky partLists the types of aircraft permitted to use that pavement. is used in the normal way. is used for grass strips.
Question 25-37 : What does the term 'slush' stand for ?
Water saturated snow which with a heel and toe slap down motion against the ground will be displaced with a splatter specific gravity 05 up to 08.
Icao annex 14slush water saturated snow which with a heel and toe slap down motion against the ground will be displaced with a splatter specific gravity 05 up to 08note— combinations of ice snow andor standing water may especially when rain rain and snow or snow is falling produce substances with specific gravities in excess of 08 these substances due to their high waterice content will have a transparent rather than a cloudy appearance and at the higher specific gravities will be readily distinguishable from slushsnow on the ground a dry snow snow which can be blown if loose or if compacted by hand will fall apart again upon release specific gravity up to but not including 035 b wet snow snow which if compacted by hand will stick together and tend to or form a snowball specific gravity 035 up to but not including 05 c compacted snow snow which has been compressed into a solid mass that resists further compression and will hold together or break up into lumps if picked up specific gravity 05 and overWater-saturated snow which can be blown if loose or, if compacted by hand, will fall apart again upon release; specific gravity: up to but not including 0.35. snow which, if compacted by hand, will stick together and tend to or form a snowball; specific gravity: 0.35 up to but not including 0.5. snow which has been compressed into a solid mass that resists further compression and will hold together or break up into lumps if picked up; specific gravity: 0.5 and over.
Question 25-38 : The sequence of flashing lights are measured from… ?
The threshold.
Refer to figureicao annex 14537 runway lead in lighting systemscharacteristics5374 recommendation— each group of lights of a runway lead in lighting system should consist of at least three flashing lights in a linear or cluster configuration the system may be augmented by steady burning lights where such lights would assist in identifying the system5375 recommendation— the flashing lights and the steady burning lights should be white5376 recommendation— where practicable the flashing lights in each group should flash in sequence towards the runwaynote even if the regulation does not make it clear it seems that easa is after the answer 'threshold' please let us know if you come across this questionThe designation marking. the aiming point. the touchdown zone.
Question 25-39 : Where a runway is provided with a 1 the toda will include the length of the 2 ?
1 clearway 2 clearway.
Refer to figureicao annex 14declared distancesa take off run available tora the length of runway declared available and suitable for the ground run of an aeroplane taking offb take off distance available toda the length of the take off run available plus the length of the clearway if providedc accelerate stop distance available asda the length of the take off run available plus the length of the stopway if providedd landing distance available lda the length of runway which is declared available and suitable for the ground run of an aeroplane landingclearway a defined rectangular area on the ground or water under the control of the appropriate authority selected or prepared as a suitable area over which an aeroplane may make a portion of its initial climb to a specified heightstopway a defined rectangular area on the ground at the end of take off run available prepared as a suitable area in which an aircraft can be stopped in the case of an abandoned take off(1) stopway; (2) stopway. (1) stopway; (2) clearway. (1) clearway; (2) stopway.
Question 25-40 : When a runway is required to have centre line lights the lights in the last 300 meters of the runway shall be showing… ?
Red.
Refer to figureicao annex 145312 runway centre line lightscharacteristics53127 runway centre line lights shall be fixed lights showing variable white from the threshold to the point 900 m from the runway end alternate red and variable white from 900 m to 300 m from the runway end and red from 300 m to the runway end except that for runways less than 1800 m in length the alternate red and variable white lights shall extend from the midpoint of the runway usable for landing to 300 m from the runway endAlternate red and variable white. white. yellow.
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